person

“person”主要指一个具体的人，也可指人的身体、法律上的主体、语法中的人称，以及关系中最重要的那个人；它还可以是姓氏，并有少数专业或过时用法。

💡 记忆钩子

把“person”想成站在舞台上的一个“人”：他首先是一个有独立身份的个体，也可以把注意力放在他的身体、法律角色或说话时所处的人称角色上；在亲密关系中，他还可能成为“我最重要的那个人”。植物学和过时动词用法则是从“一个独立的个体或角色”延伸出的少见分支。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“人、个人”这一核心义，再学习法律、语法和亲密关系中的专门用法。
不要把“person”只理解为成年男性；现代英语中它通常泛指任何人。
“person”作普通名词时，复数通常是“people”；“persons”多见于正式、法律或技术语境。

📖 中文释义

name

rare 姓氏

📖 “Person”可以是英语姓氏，而不是“一个人”的普通名词用法。

noun

core 人；个人

📖 指一个有独立身份的个体，通常就是一个人。这个词强调“一个具体的个人”，而不是泛泛的人类群体。

💡 常用模式是“a person/one person”或“a person who...”。它是可数名词，泛指复数通常用“people”，而不是把“persons”当作日常首选。表示人的性别、年龄或身份时，可以在“person”前加相应修饰语，但不要因此把它误解成只指某一类人。

Every person in the room received a name badge.

房间里的每个人都领到了一张姓名牌。

She is a kind person who listens carefully.

她是一个善于认真倾听的善良的人。
common 身体；肉身

📖 指人的肉身或外在身体，常常和思想、灵魂、性格等内在方面相对。这里关注的是“这个人作为身体的存在”，不是单纯指一个人。

💡 常见模式是“in the person”或“a person's physical person”，但这种用法比表示“人”正式得多。日常英语通常直接说“body”，尤其是在谈身体受伤、外貌或健康时。不要把所有“person”都机械地翻译成“身体”，要看它是否与心灵、灵魂或内在品质形成对比。

The portrait captures her person but not her lively sense of humor.

这幅肖像捕捉到了她的外在形象，却没有表现出她活泼的幽默感。
common 法律主体

📖 在法律中，指拥有权利和义务、可以在法院面前作为主体的个人或正式组织。因此，公司或信托在法律上也可能被称为“person”。

💡 常见模式是“a legal person”或“a person before the court”。这是法律和正式文件中的术语，不能简单等同于日常所说的“自然人”。翻译或阅读法律文本时，要留意它是否包括公司、机构等组织。

The company is treated as a separate legal person.

这家公司被视为一个独立的法律主体。
rare 生殖器的委婉说法

📖 在过时、法律或委婉语境中，可指人的生殖器，尤其指阴茎；这是成人向且很少见的用法。

💡 常见于较老的法律措辞或“expose one's person”一类的正式表达。现代日常英语通常不会用它来直接指生殖器，因此不要根据普通义自行作此解释。涉及成人内容时，应依据上下文判断，而不要把普通的“一个人”义过度性化。

euphemistic
common 人称

📖 语法和语言学中，指说话者、听话者以及被谈论者所对应的语法类别：第一人称是“我方”，第二人称是“对方”，第三人称是“被谈论者”。

💡 常见模式是“first person/second person/third person”。这里的“person”不是具体的一个人，而是说话关系中的语法角色；它可以用于代词、动词形式等语法说明。不要把“third person”只理解为“第三个个人”。

The verb changes in the third person singular.

这个动词在第三人称单数中会发生变化。
rare 生物学中的独立个体

📖 在生物学中，可指植物的芽或枝条，也可指群体生物中的一个独立个体；这些都是从“一个独立的个体”这一核心概念延伸出来的专业用法。

💡 只在植物学、动物学或相关技术文本中使用，日常英语通常不用它表达这些意思。遇到此义时，通常需要结合学科上下文理解，不能按普通的“人”义翻译。
core 最重要的亲密对象

📖 在现代非正式表达中，指和某人特别合拍、关系极深的人，常常是恋人、最好的朋友或人生伴侣。它把“一个具体的人”进一步突出为“对我来说最重要的那个人”。

💡 常见模式是“my person”或“be someone's person”。这是亲密、非正式的表达，通常带有强烈的情感色彩，不宜在普通正式文件中使用。它不一定专指恋人，也可以指最亲密的朋友或长期陪伴者。

When I need advice, Maya is the person I call first—she's my person.

我需要建议时，第一个打电话的人总是玛雅——她是我最重要的人。

people plural persons plural

verb

rare 使拟人化；扮演

📖 过时用法，指把某物表现成一个人，或把某人装扮、扮演成某种人物角色。

💡 通常作及物动词，模式是“person + 宾语”。这种用法在现代普通英语中几乎不使用，阅读古典或历史文本时可按“拟人化、扮演”理解。

obsolete transitive
rare 为某处配备人员

📖 指给岗位、房间、船只或其他场所安排工作人员或船员，相当于让它“有人值守”。这是少见的正式或旧式动词用法。

💡 常见结构是“person + 场所或岗位”，例如表示某人负责值守某处。现代英语中这种用法不自然，通常改用“staff”或“provide with staff”；不要把它和普通名词“person”混用。

gender-neutral transitive

persons present,singular,third-person personing participle,present personning participle,present personed participle,past personed past personned participle,past personned past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 3 组

a human being

同义词集: person individual someone somebody mortal soul

there was too much for one person to do

上位: being, causal agency, causal agent, cause, organism 下位: abomination, aboriginal, aborigine, achiever, acquaintance, active, actor, admirer, adult, adventurer, adversary, advocate, advocator, african, african-american, aggregator, agnostic, albino, allayer, amateur, ancient, anomaly, antagonist, anti, ape, aper, applicant, applied scientist, applier, appointee, appointment, aquarius, archer, aries, assimilator, attempter, authority, automaton, baby, baby boomer, baby buster, balance, baldhead, baldpate, baldy, battler, beard, beholder, belligerent, bereaved, bereaved person, best, birth, black, blogger, blond, blonde, bodybuilder, bomber, boomer, brunet, brunette, bull, buster, cancer, candidate, capitalist, capricorn, carrottop, case, cashier, caucasian, censor, chameleon, changer, child, chooser, closer, coddler, collector, combatant, comforter, common man, common person, commoner, communicator, compeer, compulsive, contemplative, contestant, contriver, controller, convert, copycat, counter, coward, crab, crawler, creator, creature, creditor, creeper, cripple, cross-dresser, dancer, dead person, dead soul, debitor, debtor, deceased, deceased person, decedent, denizen, departed, deviser, dieter, dissenter, dissident, divider, doer, double, doubter, dresser, drug user, dupe, dweller, eccentric, eccentric person, elizabethan, emulator, engineer, entertainer, equal, essayer, ethnic, expert, explorer, exponent, face, female, female person, fiduciary, fighter, fish, flake, fleer, follower, forerunner, friend, fugitive, gambler, gatekeeper, gatherer, gay, geek, gem, gemini, gentile, gipsy, goat, grownup, guinea pig, gypsy, habitant, hater, have, hebrew, heterosexual, heterosexual person, homo, homophile, homosexual, hope, image, imitator, immune, indigen, indigene, indweller, inexperienced person, inhabitant, innocent, insured, insured person, intellect, intellectual, interpreter, introvert, israelite, jew, jewel, jumper, junior, juvenile, juvenile person, killer, kink, latin, leader, learner, left-hander, lefty, leo, libra, life, linguist, lion, literate, literate person, liver, longer, look-alike, lover, machine, mailer, male, male person, man, manipulator, married, match, mediocrity, misfit, mixed-blood, modern, modifier, mollycoddler, mouse, mover and shaker, muscle builder, muscle-builder, musclebuilder, muscleman, namesake, national, native, negro, negroid, neighbor, neighbour, neutral, nonpartisan, nonpartizan, nude, nude person, objector, observer, oddball, opener, opponent, opposer, optimist, orphan, ostrich, owner, pamperer, partner, party, passer, peer, perceiver, percipient, personification, perspirer, philosopher, picker, pisces, planner, player, polyglot, possessor, precursor, primitive, primitive person, proponent, prospect, protester, quarter, quester, radical, ram, realist, recoverer, red-header, redhead, redheader, relation, relative, reliever, repeater, rescuer, resister, restrainer, rich person, right hander, right-hander, righthander, riser, ruler, runaway, rusher, sagittarius, saver, scholar, scientist, scorpio, scorpion, scourge, scrapper, searcher, second-rater, seeker, selector, self, shaker, showman, signatory, signer, simple, simpleton, six-footer, skidder, skin, skinhead, slave, slayer, slider, slipper, social dancer, sort, southpaw, sphinx, spoiler, sport, straight, straight person, stranger, subject, substance abuser, succeeder, success, survivor, suspect, swayer, sweater, taurus, technologist, terror, thirster, threat, thrower, tiger, topper, transexual, transfer, transferee, transgendered, transsexual, transvestite, traveler, traveller, trier, turner, twin, tyrant, undoer, unfastener, unfortunate, unfortunate person, untier, unusual person, user, venturer, victim, victorian, virgin, virgo, visionary, waiter, walk-in, ward, warrior, watcher, water bearer, wealthy person, weasel, white, white person, wight, winner, witness, worker, yearner, zombi, zombie

a human body (usually including the clothing)

同义词集: person

a weapon was hidden on his person

上位: anatomy, bod, build, chassis, figure, flesh, form, frame, human body, material body, physical body, physique, shape, soma

a grammatical category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms according to whether they indicate the speaker, the addressee, or a third party

同义词集: person

stop talking about yourself in the third person

🌳 词源

源自拉丁语中“演员戴的面具、角色”之义，后来发展为“人、个人”；它取代了中古英语中逐渐偏向“成年男性”的本族词“man”。

Latin persōna Anglo-Norman persouneder. Middle English persoun English person From Middle English persoun, personne et al., from Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu, “mask”). In this sense, displaced native man, which came to mean primarily "adult male" in Middle English; see Old English mann. Displaced native Old English hād (“person, individual”). Doublet of parson and persona.

🔄 变式

people plural personed past personing present personned past personning present persons plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根