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pall
★
🇺🇸 /pˈɑl/
🇬🇧 /poːl/
pall 主要指覆盖尸体或其他物体的布,也可指笼罩在气氛上的阴郁感;作动词时表示遮盖,或使兴趣、味道和精神变得淡而无味。另可作姓氏。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一块布沉沉地盖在东西上:它盖住尸体,就是“覆尸布”;这种沉重的覆盖感转而比喻成笼罩庆祝活动的阴郁气氛,即“cast a pall over”。动词也沿着两条路发展:可以真的用布遮盖,也可以比喻把兴致、味道和精神“盖掉”,变得索然无味。姓氏用法则与这些词义没有语义联系。
📝 学习建议
- 优先掌握名词短语“cast a pall over”,它是现代英语中最有实用价值的用法之一。
- 不要把动词 pall 只理解成“变苍白”;现代常见的动词义更接近“使变得乏味”或“变得乏味”,而布料相关动词义十分古旧。
📖 中文释义
name
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common 姓氏📖 Pall 可以是一个人的姓氏,这个用法与“覆盖物”或“使乏味”等普通词义无关。💡 常放在名字之后作姓氏,例如“某人的姓是 Pall”。它只表示家族名称,不宜根据普通词义翻译或望文生义。Dr. Pall will speak at the meeting.帕尔医生将在会上发言。
Palls
plural
noun
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common 覆盖物;布罩📖 pall 最基本的意象是一块盖在某物上的布,因此可泛指布制覆盖物。它常带有庄重、肃穆或古旧的色彩。💡 常用“a pall over/on ...”描述布覆盖在某物上。这个义项偏书面或历史性,不能把它当作日常“毯子”或普通“布”的通用说法。archaic poeticA dark pall covered the statue.一块深色的布罩住了那座雕像。
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core 覆尸布📖 在葬礼语境中,pall 是盖在棺材或尸体上的布;“沉重地覆盖”这一画面也正是它后来产生比喻义的基础。💡 常见搭配是“a funeral pall”或“a pall over the coffin”。这是正式、庄重的葬礼用语,不要把它泛泛译成任何一条普通毛毯或床单。A white pall was placed over the coffin.一块白色覆尸布盖在棺材上。
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rare 宗教仪式中的布制覆盖物📖 这是已废或极少使用的基督教语境义,指仪式中使用的特定布制覆盖物,可看作“覆盖物”这一核心意象的专门化。💡 只在历史宗教文献或专门讨论中出现,通常需要根据上下文判断它覆盖的对象。现代一般英语中不要用这个义项指普通宗教用品。obsolete
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rare 披布;外衣📖 古旧用法中,pall 也可指披在身上的宽大布衣或覆盖身体的衣物,仍保留“包住、盖住”的形象。💡 多见于古典诗歌或历史性文本,现代写作中不用于普通衣服。遇到它时,应结合描写衣着的上下文理解,而不是优先解释为“阴郁气氛”。archaic
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core 阴郁气氛📖 一块沉重的布仿佛把光亮和喜悦都盖住,于是 pall 可比喻笼罩某个场合的悲伤、压抑或不祥气氛。💡 最典型的结构是“cast a pall over + 场合或事件”,也常说“a pall hangs over + 场合或群体”。这是书面但很常见的比喻表达,通常不指某种具体物体。figurativelyThe sudden resignation cast a pall over the celebration.突然辞职的消息给庆祝活动蒙上了一层阴影。A pall hung over the town after the accident.事故发生后,整个小镇笼罩在阴郁的气氛中。
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rare 宗教主教礼服📖 在基督教专门语境中,pall 可指主教或大主教穿戴的特定礼服,是覆盖物义在宗教服饰中的专门用法。💡 通常只出现在教会史、宗教礼仪或服饰史文本中,常需要结合专门背景理解。现代普通会话中不用于泛指教士服装。
palls
plural
noun
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rare 反胃;厌恶感📖 这里的 pall 指过度享用或强烈厌恶带来的反胃感,可以看作“味道和享受变得令人难受”的极端旧义。obsolete rare
palls
plural
verb
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rare 覆盖;遮蔽📖 作动词时,pall 表示把布盖在某物上,或使某物仿佛被布遮住,是名词“覆盖物”义的直接动词化。💡 常见结构是“pall + 某物”或“pall oneself in + 某物”,多用于诗歌和古旧书面语。现代表达遮盖时通常不用这个词。transitive
palls
present,singular,third-person
palling
participle,present
palled
participle,past
palled
past
verb
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core 使变得乏味📖 这里的 pall 是把兴趣、味道或精神“盖掉”:原本有吸引力的东西变得平淡、无生命力,令人提不起劲。💡 常用“pall + 宾语”表示某事物使另一事物变得乏味,也可说重复的享受最终“pall”。这个义项通常比日常的“使无聊”更书面,常带有逐渐失去新鲜感的意味。transitiveEven the finest food can pall when served every day.即使最好的食物天天端上来,也会变得令人厌倦。The constant complaints palled the team's enthusiasm.没完没了的抱怨消磨了团队的热情。
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common 变得乏味;失去味道📖 不及物时,pall 表示某种味道、活动或经历本身逐渐失去新鲜感和吸引力,变得淡而无味。💡 常见结构是“某事物 + pall”,也可用“pall on/upon + 人”表示某事让某人渐渐厌倦。它不是突然的厌恶,而通常是重复或过度之后慢慢失去兴趣。intransitiveThe joke began to pall after the tenth repetition.这个笑话重复十遍后开始变得乏味。
palls
present,singular,third-person
palling
participle,present
palled
participle,past
palled
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
lose interest or become bored with something or somebody
同义词集:
tire
pall
weary
fatigue
jade
I'm so tired of your mother and her complaints about my food
上位: degenerate, deteriorate, devolve, drop
下位: retire, withdraw
lose strength or effectiveness; become or appear boring, insipid, or tiresome (to)
同义词集:
pall
the course palled on her
上位: weaken
become less interesting or attractive
同义词集:
pall
dull
上位: change
lose sparkle or bouquet
同义词集:
die
pall
become flat
wine and beer can pall
上位: change
cause to become flat
同义词集:
pall
pall the beer
上位: alter, change, modify
cause surfeit through excess though initially pleasing
同义词集:
cloy
pall
Too much spicy food cloyed his appetite
上位: fill, replete, sate, satiate
cover with a pall
同义词集:
pall
上位: cover
cause to lose courage
同义词集:
daunt
dash
scare off
pall
frighten off
scare away
frighten away
scare
dashed by the refusal
上位: intimidate
hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)
同义词集:
curtain
drape
drapery
mantle
pall
上位: blind, furnishing, screen
下位: drop, drop cloth, drop curtain, frontal
burial garment in which a corpse is wrapped
同义词集:
pall
shroud
cerement
winding-sheet
winding-clothes
a sudden numbing dread
同义词集:
chill
pall
上位: apprehension, apprehensiveness, dread
🌳 词源
布料义名词源自表示“布、覆盖物”的古法语和拉丁语词;“使变得乏味”的动词义由此引申,另有一条词源与“变苍白、变弱”有关。姓氏 pall 主要是人名 Pál 或 Paul 的借入形式。
Formed by aphesis from appal, appall (“(obsolete) to make pale; to weaken; to become weak; to lose flavour or become stale”), possibly under the influence of the figurative meaning of the unrelated noun pall.
Alternatively, the word may be derived from Middle English pallen (“to diminish, impair, weaken; to become faint; to lose spirit”), formed by aphesis from apallen (“to become or make faint or tired; to become indifferent; to fade or cause to fade away; to dim, weaken; to become stale; to be frightened; to frighten; to become pale”), from Old French apalir (“to become or cause to become pale”), possibly from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid; pale with fright, frightened; mouldy, musty”), from palleō (“to be pale, turn pale; to be anxious or fearful; to fade or change colour”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pelH- (“grey; pale”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’ forming adjectives).
🔄 变式
palled
past
palling
present
Palls
plural
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