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operation

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🇺🇸 /ˌɑpɚˈeɪʃʌn/ 🇬🇧 /ˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
noun 编号: O00708 牛津3000 BNC #619 COCA #826
operation 是名词，核心是“有计划地运转或执行的一套活动”：既可指机器的运作方式，也可指一次行动、手术或一个组织的日常经营；在数学等领域还可指对数值进行运算的规则。
💡 记忆钩子
把 operation 想成一台机器或一支队伍按计划“动起来”：机器怎样工作，是运作方式；人们一起完成的计划，是一次行动；医生有计划地处理身体，是手术；一个组织持续动起来，就是经营；数学里则是按规则把几个数变成结果。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“运作方式”和“有计划的行动”这两条主线，再扩展到手术、经营和数学运算。
  • 不要把 operation 只理解成“操作”；在医学语境中通常指“手术”，在新闻或警务语境中常指“行动”。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • core 机器或系统的运作方式
    📖 指设备或系统实现功能时的工作过程或运作状态，重点是它“怎样动起来”。
    💡 常用“in operation”表示“正在运行”或“投入使用”，也可用“the operation of + 设备/系统”说明其运作方式。这里通常不可数，不要把它误解成一次人工操作；涉及机器安全时常与“during”或“while”搭配。
    uncountable
    The alarm must remain active while the machine is in operation.
    机器运行时，警报必须保持开启。
  • common 做事或运行的方式
    📖 指某项活动、制度或过程按照什么方法开展，也就是一套实际的运作办法。
    💡 常用“the operation of + 制度/过程”或“method of operation”来说明运作方式。这个意义通常不可数，正式说明和技术描述中较常见；不要把它简单替换成只表示一次事件的“行动”。
    uncountable
    The manual explains the operation of the new payment system.
    说明书解释了新支付系统的运作方式。
  • common 产生作用或施加影响的过程
    📖 指某种力量、过程或机制发挥作用并造成结果，仍然可以看作某物在“动起来并产生效果”。
    💡 常见结构是“the operation of + 力量/机制”或“in operation”，多用于正式、技术或学术说明。这个意义通常不可数，不能自然地用来指一次具体的行动；谈日常影响时通常选更直接的词。
    uncountable
    The drug works by blocking the operation of a key enzyme.
    这种药通过阻断一种关键酶的作用来发挥效果。
  • core 有计划的一次行动
    📖 指为达到明确目标而组织起来的一次行动，常见于警方、救援、商业或秘密活动。
    💡 通常用“run/conduct/launch an operation”或“a joint operation”，是可数名词。前面常用“an”或具体名称；它比普通的“活动”更强调计划、组织和执行过程。
    countable
    The police launched an operation to rescue the missing hikers.
    警方发起了一次行动，营救失踪的徒步者。
    The operation continued through the night.
    这次行动持续了一整夜。
  • common 企业或组织的业务
    📖 指一个企业、团队或组织作为整体开展的业务和日常活动，也就是这个组织持续运转起来的部分。
    💡 常见“run/operate an operation”以及“business operations”，通常用作可数名词表示某个具体业务或组织。说“our operation”时不一定只指办公地点，而常指整个业务体系；不要只按“操作”理解。
    countable
    They run a small family operation near the coast.
    他们在海边经营一家小型家族企业。
  • core 外科手术
    📖 指医生为治疗或检查而进行的一次外科处理，是把身体当作需要有计划处理的对象来“运作”。
    💡 常用“have/undergo an operation”表示“接受手术”，也可说“an operation to remove/treat + 部位或疾病”。这是可数名词，通常要有冠词或限定词；在美国英语中，某些场合也会用更口语的说法，但 operation 很常见。
    countable
    He had an operation on his knee last month.
    他上个月做了膝部手术。
    The operation removed the damaged tissue.
    这次手术切除了受损组织。
  • common 对数值进行的运算
    📖 在数学或计算机领域，指按照规则把一个或多个输入值处理成结果的运算，例如加法或比较。
    💡 常见结构是“a mathematical operation”或“perform an operation on + 数值”。这是可数名词，通常需要说明运算作用于哪些数值；在普通数学学习中可把它理解为一种具体的运算规则。
    countable
    Addition is the simplest mathematical operation.
    加法是最简单的数学运算。
  • rare 形式化定义的运算
    📖 这是数学等正式领域中对“运算”的更严格表述，强调由一个或多个输入值按规则生成一个值。
    💡 常见于形式化数学、逻辑或理论计算机科学文本，通常与“binary”或“arity”等术语一起出现。它是可数名词，普通交流中一般用更宽泛的数学意义即可；不要把它当成医学手术义。
    countable
  • common 军事行动或战役
    📖 指军队为完成军事目标而组织的一次行动或战役，是“有计划行动”在军事领域的用法。
    💡 常见“military operation”以及“Operation + 专名”的格式，后者通常把行动名称写在后面。它是可数名词，新闻和历史叙述中很常见；不要把所有军事行动都机械翻成“战役”，具体规模要看上下文。
    countable
    The troops began a rescue operation after the earthquake.
    地震后，部队开始了一次救援行动。
  • rare 产生的效果或影响
    📖 这是较旧的用法，指某种事物所产生的作用或影响，可以看作“运作”最后造成的结果。
    💡 通常只在古旧或历史文学文本中出现，现代英语一般改用更常见的表示“效果”或“影响”的词。它常作可数名词，但学习者不必主动使用；遇到时可根据上下文理解为“作用”。
    countable obsolete
operations plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 11 组
the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.)
同义词集: operation
her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride
上位: activity
a planned activity involving many people performing various actions; ; ;
同义词集: operation
they organized a rescue operation
the biggest police operation in French history
running a restaurant is quite an operation
consolidate the companies various operations
上位: activity 下位: sting, sting operation
a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work;
同义词集: operation procedure
the operations in building a house
certain machine tool operations
上位: work
a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body;
同义词集: operation surgery surgical operation surgical procedure surgical process
they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available
he died while undergoing surgery
下位: ablation, amputation, castration, cutting out, excision, extirpation, implantation, neurosurgery, organ transplant, palatopharyngoplasty, ppp, resection, sterilisation, sterilization, taxis, transplant, transplantation, uppp, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods;
同义词集: mathematical process mathematical operation operation
the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation
they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
上位: calculation, computation, computing 下位: combination, construction, differentiation, integration, relaxation, relaxation method
activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign)
同义词集: operation military operation
it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
上位: activity 下位: attack, campaign, maneuver, manoeuvre, military campaign, military mission, mission, offence, offense, offensive, onrush, onset, onslaught, peacekeeping, peacekeeping mission, peacekeeping operation, reenforcement, reinforcement, simulated military operation, support
a business especially one run on a large scale; ; ;
同义词集: operation
a large-scale farming operation
a multinational operation
they paid taxes on every stage of the operation
they had to consolidate their operations
(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents;
同义词集: process cognitive process mental process operation cognitive operation
the process of thinking
the cognitive operation of remembering
上位: cognition, knowledge, noesis
(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction)
同义词集: operation
it can perform millions of operations per second
下位: access, lookup, memory access, search, sort, sorting
process or manner of functioning or operating; ; ;
同义词集: operation functioning performance
the power of its engine determines its operation
the plane's operation in high winds
they compared the cooking performance of each oven
the jet's performance conformed to high standards
上位: physical process, process
the state of being in effect or being operative
同义词集: operation
that rule is no longer in operation
上位: action, activeness, activity 下位: commission, idle, running
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 opus，意为“工作”；后来经古法语和中古英语进入英语。
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *h₃épos Proto-Italic *opos Latin opus Latin opera Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Latin operātusbf. Latin operor Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin operātiōder. Old French operacionbor. Middle English operacioun English operation From Middle English operacioun, from Old French operacion, from Latin operātiō, from the verb operor (“to work”), from opus, operis (“work”). Equivalent to operate + -ion.
🔄 变式
operations plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根
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