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officer
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /ˈɔfʌsɚ/
🇬🇧 /ˈɒf.ɪ.sə/
officer主要指在军队、警察、政府或其他等级组织中拥有职权的人,也可指公职人员、受委任的军官,或作为姓氏使用。
💡 记忆钩子
把它想成“被授予职权、代表组织办事的人”:在军队、警察和政府中,他是有等级和责任的官员;因此也能直接用来称呼警察,或泛指公职人员。动词则把这个核心延伸为“给组织配备官员”或“像官员一样指挥”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词的核心义“官员、军官、警官”,再区分具体机构中的含义;不要把 officer 一律理解成“办公室职员”。
- 作为姓氏时,officer 不表示职业或职务,只是人的姓。
📖 中文释义
name
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rare 姓氏📖 officer 也可以是英语姓氏;在这种情况下,它只是家族姓氏,不表示这个人一定是官员。💡 常出现在完整姓名的姓氏位置。看到它作为姓名的一部分时,不要按“官员”这个普通名词来翻译。
noun
-
core 官员;军警人员📖 officer 是组织中被授予一定权力和责任、可以代表组织办事的人,最常见于军队、警察或政府机构。💡 常见结构是 a/an + officer、某机构 + officer,或 police/military officer。根据上下文可译为“官员”“军官”或“警官”,不必每次都译成同一个中文词。A police officer stopped us outside the station.一名警察在车站外拦住了我们。The officer explained the new safety rules.那名官员解释了新的安全规定。
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common 对警察等官员的礼貌称呼📖 在直接对警察或其他执法人员说话时,Officer 可以作为礼貌而正式的称呼,类似于“警官”。💡 通常把 Officer 放在句首或直接称呼时单独使用,例如 Officer, could you help me? 这种用法语气正式,不能随意用来称呼所有普通工作人员。Officer, I think you dropped your notebook.警官,我想您把笔记本掉了。
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common 公职人员📖 在政府或公共机构语境中,officer 可以泛指担任公共职务、负责执行公务的人,不一定是军人或警察。💡 常跟表示政府、公共服务或具体职责的修饰语连用。翻译时要根据机构和职责选择“官员”“公务员”或更具体的职称。The health officer issued a warning about the water supply.卫生官员就供水问题发布了警告。
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common 受权办事的代表📖 这个词也可强调某人受组织委派,拥有一定自主权来处理事务;重点仍是“代表组织行使职权”。💡 通常需要结合机构或职责来理解,单独出现时往往仍可按一般“官员”处理。它不一定指最高级别的负责人,关键是有组织授予的办事权限。An immigration officer checked our documents at the airport.一名移民事务官员在机场检查了我们的证件。
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common 军官📖 在口语或军事语境中,officer 常特指受委任的军官,与普通士兵相对。💡 军事语境中常由上下文确定为“军官”,也可与 military、commanding 等词搭配。不要看到 officer 就自动理解为军官,因为警察和政府官员同样常用这个词。colloquialThe young officer led the soldiers across the field.那名年轻军官带领士兵穿过了 মাঠ地。
officers
plural
verb
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rare 配备官员📖 指为某个组织或单位安排、配备官员,使它能够由相应人员管理。💡 常见结构是 officer + 组织或单位,属于正式或历史性表达。不要把它误解为普通的“担任官员”,这里强调的是给一个单位配置官员。transitive
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rare 以官员身份指挥📖 指像官员一样负责指挥或管理某个组织;意义仍围绕“以被授予的职权来带领他人”。💡 通常作及物动词,后面接被指挥或管理的机构、队伍等。用法较书面,现代日常英语中通常会用 command 或 manage 等更常见的词。transitive
officers
present,singular,third-person
officering
participle,present
officered
participle,past
officered
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 5 组
direct or command as an officer
同义词集:
officer
上位: command
any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command
同义词集:
military officer
officer
an officer is responsible for the lives of his men
上位: man, military man, military personnel, serviceman
下位: adjutant, aide, aide-de-camp, commandant, commander, commanding officer
someone who is appointed or elected to an office and who holds a position of trust;
同义词集:
officeholder
officer
he is an officer of the court
the club elected its officers for the coming year
上位: functionary, holder, official
a person authorized to serve in a position of authority on a vessel
同义词集:
officer
ship's officer
he is the officer in charge of the ship's engines
上位: gob, jack, jack-tar, mariner, old salt, sea dog, seafarer, seaman, tar
下位: captain, first mate, master, mate, navigator, sailing master, sea captain, skipper, steward
a member of a police force
同义词集:
policeman
police officer
officer
it was an accident, officer
下位: bobby, bull, captain, constable, cop, copper, detective, fuzz, inspector, investigator, pig, police captain, police chief, police constable, police detective, state trooper, tec, trooper
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 officium“职务、职责”,经古法语和中古英语演变而来;现代形式也容易让人联想到 office 加表示“人”的后缀。
From Middle English officer, from Anglo-Norman officer, officier, from Old French officer, Late Latin officiarius (“official”), from Latin officium (“office”) + -ārius (“-er”). By surface analysis, office + -er.
🔄 变式
officered
past
officering
present
officers
plural
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