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office
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /ˈɔfɪs/
🇬🇧 /ˈɒf.ɪs/
主要指办公室,也指职务、职责、办公机构;在计算机语境中还指办公软件套装。
💡 记忆钩子
把“office”想成一个承载工作和职责的正式空间:人在里面办公,于是它可以指办公室;负责一项工作,于是它可以指职务或职责;由许多人和部门组成时,又可以指办公机构,软件套装则是把这些办公工具集中到一起的“数字办公室”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“办公室”“职务”和“办公软件套装”三个现代核心义项,再认识较正式的“职责、机构”用法。
- 不要把它只理解成“房间”:在“任职、离职、竞选公职”等语境中,它常指职务或职位;在计算机语境中通常不是一间真实的办公室。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 礼仪性职责或仪式📖 指宗教或其他正式仪式中应履行的一项礼仪性职责,现代英语中很少单独这样使用。
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rare 礼仪性服务📖 指宗教仪式或正式礼仪中的一项服务,和“职责”这一核心概念相连,但多见于历史或宗教文本。
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rare 旧式宗教仪式📖 指旧式基督教礼拜中的仪式或礼文,属于过时用法。obsolete
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core 负责某事的职务📖 指一个人承担责任、履行职责的正式职位。它强调“这个职位要负责什么”,所以和办公室这一空间义有“工作的载体”这一共同核心。💡 常用“the office of + 职位”表示“某职位”,也可说“hold office”表示任职。这个义项较正式,不能简单替换所有表示普通工作的词;说“有一份工作”时通常不用它。The office of director carries a great deal of responsibility.主任这一职务承担着很大的责任。She accepted the office of treasurer last month.她上个月接受了财务主管这一职务。
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core 公职或高级职位📖 特指政府或其他正式机构中的职位,以及担任该职位的任期。它既可以指职位本身,也可以指一个人是否仍在任。💡 常见结构有“hold office”“leave office”“run for office”和“in office”。这里通常指正式公职,不要把“leave office”误解成单纯离开办公室。He left office after the election.选举后他离开了公职。Several candidates are running for office.几名候选人正在竞选公职。
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common 职责或任务📖 指某个职位、身份或处境所要求承担的责任,也就是一个人“应当做的事”。💡 常用“do one’s office”或“perform the office of + 身份”这一正式模式。现代日常英语里更常用表示具体职责的普通词,这个义项主要出现在正式、文学或历史表达中。As a guide, it is her office to keep the group safe.作为导游,保障团队安全是她的职责。
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rare 功能或作用📖 指某物通常发挥的功能,即它在整体中所起的作用;这是把“职责”这一概念延伸到物体上。archaic
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common 帮助或善意📖 指为别人提供的帮助、照应或好意,常常是通过正式关系或中间人促成的。💡 最常见的结构是“through the good offices of + 人”或“by someone’s good offices”。这是正式表达,通常用复数形式,不要按“办公室”来直译。plural regionalThe agreement was reached through the good offices of a trusted mediator.协议是在一位可信调解人的帮助下达成的。
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rare 内幕消息📖 俚语中指秘密提供的内部消息或提示,和办公室这一现代核心义没有直接联系。figuratively slang
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core 办公室或办公场所📖 指人们从事非体力工作的房间、几间房或一栋建筑。它是最常见的现代具体义:工作的职责被放在一个固定空间里。💡 常用“at the office”“in the office”“go to the office”等结构。表示工作地点时通常用单数;若指同一机构的多个办公地点,才常用复数形式。I left my notebook at the office.我把笔记本落在办公室了。She goes to the office by train.她坐火车去办公室。
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common 办公场所📖 泛指供职员工作的房间、房间组合或办公楼,是“办公室”这一空间义的普通概括。💡 常用“an office”“office space”和“office building”等搭配。说某人在该地点工作时可用“work in an office”,不要把它和表示部门的机构义混为一谈。They rented a small office near the station.他们在车站附近租了一间小办公室。
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common 诊所或医生办公室(美国)📖 在美国英语中,尤其在医疗语境里,可指医生接诊病人的诊所或诊室。💡 常见于“doctor’s office”或“at the doctor’s office”。这是美国地区用法;在其他英语地区,学习者更常遇到表示诊所的其他说法。USThe doctor’s office called to confirm my appointment.医生诊所打电话来确认我的预约。
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common 办公室全体人员📖 通过拟人化把办公室里的工作人员整体称为“the office”,强调的是人而不是房间。💡 常见结构是“the whole office”或“everyone in the office”。这是非正式的转喻用法,动词通常按复数人员来理解,而不是按房间来理解。figurativelyThe whole office joined the farewell lunch.办公室里的所有人都参加了告别午餐。
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common 行政部门或办事机构📖 指一个负责某项行政或公共事务的部门,例如公共关系部门;这里从办公地点延伸到在其中工作的机构。💡 常用“the + 职能 + office”或“office of + 职能”来命名部门。具体含义依前面的部门名称而定,不一定指一间实际房间。figurativelyPlease send the form to the admissions office.请把表格送到招生办公室。
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common 政府部门(英式用法)📖 在英国英语中,首字母大写时可指正式的政府部门,尤其是以某项国家事务为职责的部门。💡 通常写作首字母大写的专名,并与部门负责人或国家事务连用。它是英国政府语境中的正式用法,不能随意用于普通公司部门。Australia UK capitalized figuratively usuallyThe Foreign Office issued a statement this morning.外交部今天早上发表了一份声明。
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rare 宗教行政机构📖 历史或宗教文本中可指某个教会行政机构或相关职位体系,属于专门且过时的机构义。abbreviation alt-of capitalized figuratively usually
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common 某地的分支办公室📖 指某个组织设在特定城市或地区的办公地点或分支机构。💡 常用“the + 地名 + office”或“at the local office”。这里通常表示组织的分支地点,和泛指办公房间的用法要靠上下文区分。figurativelyShe works at the company’s Chicago office.她在这家公司芝加哥分部的办公室工作。
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rare 宅邸的杂务区或厕所📖 旧式复数用法中,指大宅或庄园里用于厨房、洗衣、储藏等杂务的区域,有时委婉指厕所。dated in-plural
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rare 法律调查程序(英国历史用法)📖 英国历史法律语境中,是一种调查或认定财产、罪行等事项的程序名称的缩略形式。UK abbreviation alt-of clipping historical
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rare 猎场或看守范围📖 旧式用法中,指供狩猎的土地或猎场看守人负责管理的区域。obsolete
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rare 常去的地方📖 旧俚语中指一个人通常出现或消遣的场所,即“常去的窝点”。figuratively obsolete slang
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rare 飞机驾驶舱或观察舱📖 旧式英国俚语中可指飞机上的驾驶舱,尤其是观察员所在的舱位。UK dated slang
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core 办公软件套装📖 指把文字处理、电子表格、演示文稿等办公程序集中在一起的一套软件。它是“数字办公室”:把完成日常办公职责所需的工具放在同一套系统中。💡 计算机语境中常说“office software”“office suite”或直接把它当作产品类别使用。若指具体产品,通常需要加品牌或套装名称;不要把它理解成单独的文字处理程序。The school provides office software for all its students.学校为所有学生提供办公软件。I use an office suite to write reports and make presentations.我用办公软件套装写报告和制作演示文稿。
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rare 官员或官员群体📖 旧式拟人化用法中,指占据某个职位的官员或官员群体,把“职务”本身当作其承担者。obsolete
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rare 身体排泄功能📖 旧式用法中指排尿、排便等身体功能或相关行为,现代英语中通常不用这个词表达。obsolete
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rare 履行职责的行为📖 旧式用法中指履行某项职责的过程或一次具体的履职行为。obsolete
offices
plural
verb
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common 给某人安排职务📖 指让某人担任一个正式职位,把“职务”这一名词义变成安排职务的动作。💡 常见结构是“office + 某人 + as + 职位”,但这种动词用法很不常见。日常英语通常说“appoint + 某人 + as + 职位”,不要把名词“office”随意当作普通动词使用。The committee officed her as regional director.委员会任命她为地区主管。
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common 在某处办公📖 指某人拥有办公室或在某处工作办公,是“办公室”空间义的动词化表达。💡 通常用不及物结构“office at/in + 地点”,也可在同事或合作者之间说两人“office together”。这种用法偏少见,日常表达地点时更自然的是“work at/in + 地点”。intransitiveThe two architects office together in a small studio.这两位建筑师在一间小工作室里一起办公。
offices
present,singular,third-person
officing
participle,present
officed
participle,past
officed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
a job in an organization
同义词集:
position
post
berth
office
spot
billet
place
situation
he occupied a post in the treasury
上位: business, job, line, line of work, occupation
下位: admiralty, apprenticeship, caliphate, captaincy, captainship, chair, chairmanship, emirate, fatherhood, governorship, internship, manhood, plum, prefecture, premiership, presidency, presidentship, professorship, receivership, regency, residency, stewardship, throne, vice-presidency, womanhood
the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; ;
同义词集:
function
office
part
role
the function of a teacher
the government must do its part
play its role
上位: duty
下位: capacity, hat, lieu, place, portfolio, position, stead
a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities
同义词集:
office
the offices of the mass
上位: religious rite, rite
place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed
同义词集:
office
business office
he rented an office in the new building
下位: central office, headquarters, home base, home office, main office, newsroom
an administrative unit of government; ; ;
同义词集:
agency
federal agency
government agency
bureau
office
authority
the Central Intelligence Agency
the Census Bureau
Office of Management and Budget
Tennessee Valley Authority
下位: ai, air force, army, army intelligence, bureau of diplomatic security, bureau of intelligence and research, cdc, center for disease control and prevention, darpa, defense advanced research projects agency, ds, faa, fda, federal aviation administration, federal housing administration, fha, food and drug administration, gao, government accounting office, immigration and naturalization service, inr, ins, internal revenue service, irs, national geospatial-intelligence agency, national institute of standards and technology, national institutes of health, national oceanic and atmospheric administration, naval special warfare, navy, nga, nih, nist, noaa, nonproliferation center, npc, nsw, occupational safety and health administration, office of naval intelligence, oni, organ, osha, transportation security administration, tsa, u. s. air force, u. s. army, united states air force, united states army, united states government accounting office, united states navy, us air force, us army, us navy, usa, usaf, usn
professional or clerical workers in an office
同义词集:
office
office staff
the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
上位: staff
(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power; ; ;
同义词集:
office
power
being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage
during his first year in office
during his first year in power
the power of the president
上位: state
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原意与“职责、职务、工作”有关;现代计算机义项来自办公软件套装名称的泛化。
From Middle English office, from Old French office, from Latin officium (“personal, official, or moral duty; official position; function; ceremony, esp. last rites”), contracted from opificium (“construction: the act of building or the thing built”), from opifex (“doer of work, craftsman”) + -ium (“-y”, forming actions), from op- (“work”) + -i- (connective) + -fex (combining form of faciō (“to do, to make”)).
In the religious sense, Displaced native Old English hād.
The computing sense is a genericization of various proprietary program suites, such as Microsoft Office.
🔄 变式
officed
past
offices
plural
officing
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根