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obliterate

🇺🇸 /ʌblˈɪtɚˌeɪt/ 🇬🇧 /əˈblɪtəɹət/
adj 编号: O00101 BNC #11165 COCA #10389
obliterate 主要表示“彻底抹去、消灭到几乎不留痕迹”,也可表示遮住视线、使文字无法辨认,或在医学中使通道闭塞。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一行字被厚厚的墨迹抹掉:先是文字看不清,进而连记忆、名字或整个对象都像从记录中消失;云层也能把太阳“抹”得看不见,医学上则可把血管等通道堵到不再通畅。邮票被盖销,也是把它再次使用的可能性“抹掉”。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“彻底抹去、摧毁”和“遮住或抹得看不清”这两条主线,再学习医学、邮政等专门用法。
  • 它的力度通常比一般的“删除”或“擦掉”更强,常暗示几乎不留痕迹;不要把它当作所有普通删除动作的中性说法。
📖 中文释义
adj
  • rare 被彻底抹去的
    📖 表示某人、某事物或某种记录已经被完全消灭或抹去,几乎不留下痕迹。这个形容词用法较旧,现代英语中通常改用更常见的相关表达。
    obsolete
  • rare 与背景难以区分的
    📖 在昆虫学等专业描述中,表示颜色或斑纹很淡,和周围背景混在一起而难以辨认;可以把它理解为“被背景抹掉了”。
    obsolete rare
more obliterate comparative most obliterate superlative
verb
  • core 彻底摧毁;消灭
    📖 把人、事物、记忆或影响彻底消灭,使它几乎不留下任何痕迹。这里的核心画面就是把某样东西从世界或记录中完全抹掉。
    💡 常用结构是 obliterate + 宾语,宾语可以是具体目标,也可以是记忆、痕迹或影响等抽象事物。这个用法语气很强,常见于正式报道、历史叙述或强调性表达,不宜随意替代普通的“删除”。
    transitive
    The earthquake obliterated several villages along the coast.
    地震彻底摧毁了沿海的几个村庄。
    Time had almost obliterated the memory of that summer.
    时间几乎抹去了人们对那个夏天的记忆。
  • common 遮住;使看不见
    📖 某物覆盖或挡住另一物,使后者暂时无法看见;它不一定意味着被遮住的东西真的被摧毁了。
    💡 常用结构是 obliterate + 被遮住的对象,尤其适合描述云、烟、阴影等遮住景物或光线。与表示彻底毁灭的用法相比,这里重点是视觉上的遮挡;中文使用者不要误解为对象已经消失或损坏。
    transitive
    A wall of fog obliterated the road ahead.
    一大片雾气遮住了前方的道路。
  • core 抹掉;使无法辨认
    📖 通过擦除、覆盖或弄模糊,使文字、图画或标记无法读出;也可比喻把名字、记忆等从记录或意识中抹去。
    💡 常用结构是 obliterate + 文字、名字、标记等,也可用来描述雨水、涂层或损坏造成的不可辨认。它既可按字面表示“擦到看不清”,也可作比喻表示从历史或记忆中抹除;不要只把它理解成键盘上的普通删除。
    also figuratively transitive
    Water damage obliterated most of the writing on the document.
    水渍损坏使文件上的大部分字迹都无法辨认。
    The campaign tried to obliterate his name from the history books.
    这场运动试图从历史书中抹去他的名字。
  • rare 使通道闭塞
    📖 在医学中,指通过切除、堵塞或组织填充,使血管、体腔等失去原有的通道或功能,核心仍是“把通道抹平、封住”。
    💡 常见于被动结构,如“某通道被闭塞”;宾语通常是血管、体腔或其他身体通道。该用法属于医学专业语境,不应套用于普通的“堵住门或管道”。
    transitive
  • rare 盖销邮票
    📖 指在邮票上盖邮戳,使它不能再次使用;这里是把邮票的有效使用资格“抹掉”。
    💡 通常用于邮政或集邮语境,宾语是邮票。这个意思很专门,日常谈论删除、取消或作废时不要优先使用它。
    transitive
  • common 彻底消失
    📖 不带宾语时,表示某人或某物自身被彻底毁掉或消失,不留下痕迹;它是“把某物抹掉”这一核心画面的不及物版本。
    💡 常用作不及物动词,主语是消失或毁灭的对象,不要再强行添加宾语。语气比普通的“消失”或“损坏”强,常用于强调彻底性。
    intransitive
    After the fire, the old wooden house had completely obliterated.
    火灾过后,那座老木屋已经彻底消失了。
  • rare 因堵塞而停止通畅
    📖 在医学中不及物地表示体腔或血管自行闭合、充满组织,或血流和脉搏因阻塞而停止;可以看作“通道被抹平了”的状态。
    💡 主要出现在医学说明中,主语通常是血管、脉搏或灌注,常与表示恢复通畅的上下文连用。不要把它当作普通英语中“某物消失”的常用替代词。
    intransitive
obliterates present,singular,third-person obliterating participle,present obliterated participle,past obliterated past obliterate first-person,present,singular obliterated first-person,past,singular obliterate present,second-person,singular obliteratest archaic,present,second-person,singular obliterated past,second-person,singular obliteratedst archaic,past,second-person,singular obliterateth archaic,present,singular,third-person obliterated past,singular,third-person obliterate plural,present obliterated past,plural obliterate present,subjunctive obliterated past,subjunctive obliterate imperative,present - imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 5 组
remove completely from recognition or memory
同义词集: obliterate efface
efface the memory of the time in the camps
上位: blur, dim, slur
make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing;
同义词集: obscure blot out obliterate veil hide
a hidden message
a veiled threat
上位: alter, change, modify
do away with completely, without leaving a trace
同义词集: obliterate
上位: do away with, eliminate, extinguish, get rid of
mark for deletion, rub off, or erase
同义词集: kill obliterate wipe out
kill these lines in the President's speech
reduced to nothingness
同义词集: blotted out obliterate obliterated
近似: destroyed
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原义与“抹掉、擦除、使被遗忘”有关,后来发展出“彻底消灭”和“堵塞”等用法。
PIE word *h₁epi (start of 17th century) From earlier obliterat, learned borrowing from Latin obliterātus, oblitterātus (“having been blotted out, effaced, erased; having been forgotten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix, of participial origin)). Obliterātus and oblitterātus are respectively the perfect passive participles of obliterō and oblitterō (“to blot out, efface, erase, obliterate; to cause to be forgotten”), probably either: * from ob- (prefix meaning ‘against; towards’) + littera (“letter of the alphabet; (metonymically) handwriting”) (further etymology unknown); or * from oblītus (“disregarded, neglected; forgotten”), influenced by littera. Oblītus is the perfect passive participle of oblinō (“to daub over, besmear”), from ob- + possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“not heavy, light; brief; swift”). Cognates * Catalan obliterar (“to erase; to cancel (a stamp); to close up or fill (a body cavity, vessel, etc.)”) * Middle French oblitérer (modern French oblitérer (“to cause (memories) to fade; to block, obstruct; to cancel (a stamp, ticket, etc.) so it cannot be reused”)) * Portuguese obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”) * Spanish obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”)
🔄 变式
- imperat more obliterate compar most obliterate superl obliterated 1st_sg obliteratedst archaic obliterates present obliteratest archaic obliterateth archaic obliterating present
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