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noise
★★★
🇺🇸 /nˈɔɪz/
noise 的核心意思是“声音”，尤其是令人不舒服或妨碍判断的声音；它还可引申为信号中的干扰、无用的忙乱，以及传闻和意见风声。
💡 记忆钩子
把 noise 想成一阵盖住重要内容的“杂声”：耳边是不想听的声音，仪器里是干扰信号，组织中是无用的忙乱，消息传播中则变成传闻或含糊的表态。动词用法也沿着“发出声音”或“让消息传开”这两条路发展。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“声音”和“噪声”这两个基本义，再按“干扰”理解技术义和比喻义；不要把 noise 一律译成“噪音”，因为它也可以指任何声音。
- 在新闻或职场语境中，noise 常不是实际声音，而是围绕某事产生的抱怨、传闻或无效信息。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 噪声；嘈杂声📖 指通常不想听、令人不舒服或妨碍安静的声音，比如机器轰鸣、施工声或人群喧闹。这是 noise 最典型的日常意思。💡 常见结构是 “make noise” 或 “a lot of noise”，表示发出或存在很大的噪声；说“不要吵”时可用 “make too much noise”。泛指噪声时 noise 通常不可数，具体的一阵声响则可说 “a noise”。不要把它机械地译成任何“声音”，因为它往往带有干扰或令人烦扰的意味。uncountableThe construction work is making too much noise.施工发出的噪声太大了。Could you keep the noise down after ten?十点以后你能小声一点吗？
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core 声音；声响📖 也可以泛指听到的任何声音，不一定令人讨厌。突然传来的声响、门外的一声动静，都可以叫 noise。💡 表示一个具体声响时常用 “hear a noise” 或 “make a noise”，也可用 “a strange/loud noise” 修饰。这个义项比“噪声”中性，是否令人不快要看上下文。若声音是有意传达的内容，通常应改用表示语音、音乐或信号的词。countable uncountableI heard a strange noise outside the window.我听见窗外有奇怪的声响。
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common 随机噪声📖 在信号或测量中，noise 是不规则地产生、混在目标信号里的声音或信号成分，使真正的信息不容易辨认。💡 技术语境中常见结构是 “noise in a signal” 或 “reduce/remove noise”，表示信号中的噪声或降低、去除噪声。这里的 noise 不一定是人耳能听到的声音，而是会干扰测量或传输的随机成分。不要只按日常义理解为环境嘈杂。countable uncountableThe microphone picks up a lot of noise in this room.这个房间里的麦克风会收进很多噪声。
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common 信号干扰📖 指任何会降低目标信号清晰度、准确度或质量的无关成分；它可以是声音，也可以是图像、数据或通信中的干扰。💡 常见结构是 “signal-to-noise ratio” 或 “separate the signal from the noise”，分别表示信噪比和从干扰中辨出有效信息。此义项常用于工程、数据和技术说明，通常不可数，但具体种类或来源也可以用可数形式。不要把它误解成单纯的错误，因为重点是它遮盖或削弱了目标信息。countable uncountableThe new filter improves the signal-to-noise ratio.这个新滤波器提高了信噪比。
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rare 随机波动📖 在数学和统计学中，noise 可指由随机因素造成的偏差或波动，也就是数据没有反映真实规律的那一部分。countable uncountable
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common 无谓的忙乱；无效活动📖 这里把现实中的嘈杂声借来比喻组织或讨论中的无关活动：事情很多、声音很大，却没有帮助人们抓住重点。💡 常见结构是 “cut through the noise” 或 “reduce the noise”，表示排除无关信息、让重点显现。这个比喻义常用于商业、管理和媒体语境，通常不可数。不要把它理解成单纯的工作量，而要看是否包含干扰、分心或无效讨论。broadly countable figuratively uncountableWe need to cut through the noise and focus on the main issue.我们需要排除无关的干扰，专注于主要问题。
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rare 基因表达的随机差异📖 在遗传学中，noise 指看似相同的一群细胞之间基因表达水平的随机差异。countable uncountable
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common 传闻；抱怨声📖 指围绕某件事传播的传闻、质疑或抱怨，像嘈杂的声音一样让人注意到问题，却未必提供确定信息。💡 常见结构是 “make noise about something” 或 “a lot of noise about something”，表示就某事大肆议论、抗议或制造声势。这个义项多见于新闻、职场和公共事务语境，通常不可数。它不等于已经证实的消息，强调的是外界反应或议论。countable uncountableThe announcement caused a lot of noise on social media.这项宣布在社交媒体上引起了大量议论。
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common 表态；态度性的言论📖 指暗示某种态度或意见的说法，尤其是没有形成明确行动的政治或公共表态；它像是在释放“声音”，但未必代表真正的承诺。💡 常见结构是 “make encouraging/positive noises about something”，表示对某事作出令人鼓舞或积极的表态。这个用法较口语化，常带有怀疑意味，暗示说得好听但行动不足。通常不把它译作实际的声音，而应根据上下文理解为言论或风声。countable informal uncountableThe company has made positive noises about hiring more staff.公司已经就增加员工一事作出了积极表态。
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rare 音乐；乐队📖 这是旧用法，noise 曾可泛指音乐、音乐会或一群乐手；现代英语中通常不这样使用。countable obsolete uncountable
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rare 噪音摇滚📖 指一种把静电声等非传统音乐声音融入摇滚的音乐类型；这里的 noise 是专门的音乐分类名称。countable uncountable
noises
plural
verb
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rare 发出声音📖 指发出声响或响起来，是名词“声音”义的动词化用法，现代英语中很少见。intransitive
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rare 传播消息；传出风声📖 指把消息、传闻或私下议论传播开来，是“让某种声音传出去”的引申用法，现代英语中已不常用。transitive
noises
present,singular,third-person
noising
participle,present
noised
participle,past
noised
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
emit a noise
同义词集:
make noise
resound
noise
上位: go, sound
下位: backfire, blare, blast, claxon, crackle, creak, crunch, honk, howl, hum, jangle, jingle, jingle-jangle, racket, roar, scranch, scraunch, screak, scream, screech, sizzle, skreak, squeak, whine
the quality of lacking any predictable order or plan
同义词集:
randomness
haphazardness
stochasticity
noise
incomprehensibility resulting from irrelevant information or meaningless facts or remarks
同义词集:
noise
all the noise in his speech concealed the fact that he didn't have anything to say
the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience
同义词集:
noise
dissonance
racket
modern music is just noise to me
上位: auditory sensation, sound
a loud outcry of protest or complaint;
同义词集:
noise
the announcement of the election recount caused a lot of noise
whatever it was he didn't like it and he was going to let them know by making as loud a noise as he could
上位: call, cry, outcry, shout, vociferation, yell
sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound); ;
同义词集:
noise
he enjoyed the street noises
they heard indistinct noises of people talking
during the firework display that ended the gala the noise reached 98 decibels
上位: sound
下位: bam, bang, banging, bark, blare, blaring, blast, boom, brouhaha, cacophony, chatter, chattering, chug, clack, clamor, clang, clangor, clangoring, clangour, clank, clap, clash, crack, cracking, crackle, crackling, crash, creak, creaking, crepitation, crunch, din, ding-dong, eruption, explosion, fizzle, grate, grinding, grumble, grumbling, grunt, hiss, hissing, howl, hubbub, hum, humming, hushing, katzenjammer, oink, pant, plash, plump, racket, rale, rattle, rattling, report, roar, roaring, rumble, rumbling, rustle, rustling, scrape, scraping, scratch, scratching, scream, screaming, screech, screeching, shriek, shrieking, sibilation, sizzle, slam, snap, snore, spatter, spattering, splash, splatter, splattering, splutter, sputter, sputtering, squeak, squish, swoosh, thunder, uproar, whisper, whispering, whoosh
electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication
同义词集:
noise
interference
disturbance
上位: trouble
下位: atmospheric static, atmospherics, background, background signal, clutter, crosstalk, static, xt
🌳 词源
源自中古英语和古法语，最初与争吵、喧闹等义有关；更早的词源尚无定论。
From Middle English noyse, noise, from Old French noise (“a dispute, wrangle, strife, noise”), of uncertain origin. According to some, from Latin nausia, nausea (“disgust, nausea”); according to others, from Latin noxia (“hurt, harm, damage, injury”); but neither explanation is satisfactory in regard to either form or sense. Potentially a reduced form of Old French enoiier (“to bother, to disturb”), from Latin inodio (“to make repulsive”) - which would make it a doublet of English annoy (“to bother, to irritate”) and English ennui (“boredom, jadedness, depression”). Compare Piedmontese nojé (“to bother, to annoy”), though this fails to explain the final /z/. Displaced native Old English swēġ.
🔄 变式
noised
past
noises
plural
noising
present
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