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near
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /nˈɪɹ/
🇬🇧 /nɪː/
near 的核心意思是“距离、时间或关系上接近”，可作形容词、副词、介词和动词；也可作姓氏，并保留少数英式、方言或技术用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把 near 想成“靠得很近”：空间上靠近某物，时间上就是“快到了”，关系或程度上也可以“接近”；从“接近”还自然引申出“几乎、差一点”和“逐渐靠近”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“靠近”和“几乎”两条主线，再学习英式、方言和技术用法。
- near 不只表示物理距离，也常表示时间、程度或关系上的接近；不要只把它理解成“附近的”。
- near 与 next 不同：near 表示接近，next 更强调顺序上紧接着或相邻。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 空间上近的📖 表示某人或某物在空间位置上离另一人或另一物很近，就像伸手或走几步便能接触到。💡 常见结构是 near + 地点或物体，也可说 be near + 地点或物体；near 可放在名词前修饰对象。不要把 near 误当成“就在旁边”，它只说明距离较近，具体远近要看语境。There is a small café near my office.我办公室附近有一家小咖啡馆。I can't see near objects clearly without my glasses.不戴眼镜时，我看不清近处的物体。
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core 时间将近的📖 表示某个时间、事件或阶段快要到来或结束，离现在已经不远。💡 常见结构是 be near + 时间点、事件或阶段，也可用 the end is near 这类表达。near 表示“临近”，不表示事情已经发生；谈论具体日期时通常需要结合上下文说明接近什么时间。The deadline is near, so we need to finish the report.截止日期快到了，所以我们得完成报告。Summer is near.夏天快到了。
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common 关系亲近的📖 表示人与人之间关系密切，或某人与某人的联系很紧密。💡 常见结构是 near + relative、friend 等表示人的名词，也可说 be near to someone。near relative 通常指近亲，不要只按空间上的“附近的亲戚”理解。She has always been near to her older sister.她一直和姐姐关系亲密。
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common 亲近而重要的📖 表示某件事与某人的感情、利益或个人生活关系密切，因此对这个人很重要。💡 常见结构是 be near to someone，或 near + 表示心情、利益和重要性的名词。这个用法强调情感或个人关联，不单纯说明地理位置；正式写作中常需根据上下文译成“亲近的”或“切身相关的”。The issue is near to my heart.这件事深深牵动着我的心。
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common 接近原样或标准的📖 表示某种说法、版本或行为与另一种形式非常接近，几乎没有偏离。💡 常见结构是 near to + 名词，或 a near + 名词；near to 在这里说明相似或贴近的程度。它不等于 identical，表示接近而不是完全相同；描述版本时要明确接近的对象。The film is a near version of the original story.这部电影的版本与原故事非常接近。
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common 险些发生的📖 表示某种坏结果差一点发生，但最后避开了；near escape 就是“险些出事但逃过一劫”。💡 常见结构是 a near + 表示事故、灾难或失败的名词，如 near accident、near miss。near 修饰的是“差一点发生”的结果，不是说结果真的发生了；不要把 near escape 理解成普通的“附近的逃跑”。It was a near disaster, but everyone got out safely.那差点变成一场灾难，但大家都安全出来了。
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common 近似的；几乎的📖 表示两个事物在意义、数量或性质上非常接近，但还不是完全相同；因此也可表示“几乎”。💡 常见结构是 a near + 名词，或 near + 表示相同、完美和完成的词。near 表示近似程度，不能自动替代 exactly 或 completely；谈数量时还要注意它通常不是精确数值。The two expressions are near synonyms, but they are not interchangeable.这两个表达几乎是同义词，但不能互换使用。
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common 靠路边一侧的（英式）📖 在英式英语中，near 可指车辆靠近路缘的一侧；在靠左行驶的地方通常就是左侧。💡 常见结构是 near-side + 车辆部件或 near + wheel、side 等词，主要见于英式交通语境。它不是一般意义上的“近的”，而是与另一侧相对的固定称呼；美式英语中通常不用这层含义。BritishThe near-side front door of the bus was open.公交车靠路边一侧的前门开着。
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rare 驾车者或牲畜队列左侧的📖 这是较旧的用法，指驾驶者旁边或动物队列左侧的一边，和传统驾车方式有关。💡 常见于 near-side + 动物或车辆部位，带有过时色彩。现代日常英语中通常改用 left-hand side 或 left-side；不要把它当作普通的空间形容词。dated
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rare 直接而近便的📖 这是过时用法，表示通往某处的路或方法最直接、最短。💡 通常出现在较老的书面表达中，如 near way 一类结构。现代英语一般用 shortest、most direct 或 nearest 来表达，不建议在日常会话中主动使用。obsolete
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rare 吝啬的📖 这是古旧用法，把“不肯把钱拿出来”看成在花钱这件事上过分收紧、靠得太近。💡 常见于 be near with one's money 这类旧式结构，带有明显的古旧色彩。现代英语通常用 stingy、mean 或 parsimonious；不要把普通的 near + 钱理解成“吝啬”。archaic
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rare 段内的（技术）📖 在某些计算机和工程系统中，near 表示指针或地址只在当前选定的存储段内起作用。💡 常见结构是 near pointer 等固定技术搭配，通常只在特定的存储架构或旧技术文献中出现。它不是一般意义上的“附近的指针”；学习编程基础英语时可先识别，不必优先主动使用。not-comparable
nearer
comparative
nearest
superlative
adv
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core 在附近；临近📖 表示某人或某物处在接近的位置或时间，重点是“靠近着”，而不是修饰一个名词。💡 常见结构是 come、stay、live 等动词 + near，或 be near。若后面直接接地点名词，应使用介词 near，而不是把副词和介词结构混在一起；上下文会决定是空间上的附近还是时间上的临近。Come near so I can show you the picture.靠近一点，我好给你看这张照片。
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common 几乎；差不多📖 表示某种状态或结果几乎已经达到，但还没有完全达到。它把“接近”从空间距离扩展到了状态和程度。💡 常见结构是 near + 形容词或过去分词，如 near unconscious、near finished。near 通常表示程度很高但尚未完全实现；在更正式或更常见的表达中，也可根据语境换成 almost。By the time help arrived, he was near unconscious.救援到达时，他几乎已经失去意识了。
nearer
comparative
nearest
superlative
name
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common 姓氏📖 Near 可作为英语姓氏，表示人的家族姓，而不是句子中的“接近”。💡 在姓名中通常保留原拼写并大写首字母，位置和其他英语姓氏一样。读到人名时要先根据大写和上下文判断它是不是姓氏，不要直接按普通词义解释。Dr. Near will speak at the meeting tomorrow.Near 博士明天将在会议上发言。
Nears
plural
noun
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rare 左侧的马或一侧📖 这是旧式交通术语，指马匹或拉车马队中位于左侧、靠近驾车者的一匹或一侧。💡 通常只在 near-side、near horse 等固定或历史性表达中出现。现代英语一般用 left-hand side 或 left-hand horse；不要把它用于普通车辆或人的左边。
nears
plural
noun
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rare 肾脏（方言）📖 在德比郡方言中，near 是“肾脏”的旧方言词，与普通英语中的 kidney 对应。💡 它只见于特定方言或历史材料中，不能作为现代标准英语的常用身体部位词。学习医学或日常英语时应使用 kidney。Derbyshire dialectal rare
nears
plural
prep
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core 靠近；在附近📖 表示某人或某物在空间位置上接近另一个地点、物体或人。💡 常见结构是 near + 地点、建筑物、人或其他对象，如 near the station。near 后直接接名词，不能说 near to the station 来替代所有普通用法；但形容词结构 be near to 另有其用法。They live near the river.他们住在河边附近。A bright planet was visible near the Moon.月亮附近可以看到一颗明亮的行星。
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common 临近某时间或阶段📖 表示某个事件、时间点或阶段即将到来或结束，离它已经很近。💡 常见结构是 near + 名词化的时间或事件，如 near the end、near completion。near 直接接对象，不要误用成表示“在某段时间里”；要表达持续时间范围，应改用 during、around 等更合适的词。The project is near completion after months of work.经过几个月的工作，这个项目接近完成了。
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common 接近某种性质或界限📖 表示某人的看法、行为或某种程度接近一个标准、界限或性质，但未必已经达到它。💡 常见结构是 near + limit、boundary、perfect 等表示界限或程度的词。这里的 near 表示抽象程度，不是地点；若要明确“达到界限”，应使用 reach 或 arrive at，而不是 near。His performance was near the limit of what the team could handle.他的表现接近团队所能承受的极限。
verb
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core 接近；靠近📖 表示人、船、车辆等向某个地点或对象移动，距离逐渐缩短，但不一定已经到达。它是“靠近”这一核心图像最直接的动词用法。💡 常见结构是 near + 地点或对象，如 near the shore；也可以说 the storm is nearing。near 作动词可带宾语，通常不需要介词 to；表达已经到达时应使用 reach 或 arrive。ambitransitiveThe train is nearing the station.火车正在接近车站。As we neared the village, the road became narrower.我们接近村庄时，道路变窄了。
nears
present,singular,third-person
nearing
participle,present
neared
participle,past
neared
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 8 组
(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
about
almost
most
nearly
near
nigh
virtually
well-nigh
the job is (just) about done
the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
we're almost finished
the car all but ran her down
he nearly fainted
talked for nigh onto 2 hours
the recording is well-nigh perfect
virtually all the parties signed the contract
I was near exhausted by the run
most everyone agrees
near in time or place or relationship; ; ; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
near
nigh
close
as the wedding day drew near
stood near the door
don't shoot until they come near
getting near to the true explanation
her mother is always near
The end draws nigh
the bullet didn't come close
don't get too close to the fire
not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
near
close
nigh
near neighbors
in the near future
they are near equals
his nearest approach to success
a very near thing
a near hit by the bomb
she was near tears
she was close to tears
had a close call
反义: far
近似: adjacent, hot, nearby, warm
very close in resemblance;
同义词集:
approximate
near
sketched in an approximate likeness
a near likeness
近似: close
with or in a close or intimate relationship;
同义词集:
dear
good
near
a good friend
my sisters and brothers are near and dear
近似: close
giving or spending with reluctance; ;
同义词集:
cheeseparing
close
near
penny-pinching
skinny
our cheeseparing administration
very close (or near) with his money
a penny-pinching miserly old man
近似: stingy, ungenerous
closely resembling the genuine article;
同义词集:
near
near beer
a dress of near satin
近似: artificial, unreal
move towards; ;
同义词集:
approach
near
come on
go up
draw near
draw close
come near
We were approaching our destination
They are drawing near
The enemy army came nearer and nearer
上位: come, come up
下位: close, crowd, push
🌳 词源
形容词、副词、介词和动词的 near 源自古英语及北日耳曼语中表示“更近”的词，最终与“伸向、达到”有关；表示“肾”的方言名词来自另一条日耳曼语词源，姓氏则可能是苏格兰姓氏的缩略或变体。
From Middle English nere, ner, from Old English nēar (“nearer”, comparative of nēah (“nigh”), the superlative would become next), influenced by Old Norse nær (“near”), both originating from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz (“nearer”), comparative of the adverb *nēhw (“near”), from the adjective *nēhwaz, ultimately from Pre-Proto-Germanic *h₂nḗḱwos, a lengthened-grade adjective derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).
Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian nai, noi, näi (“close, near”), Saterland Frisian nai (“close, near”), Dutch na (“close”), naar (“to, towards”), Dutch Low Saxon nao (“after”), German nach (“after”), nahe (“near”), näher (“nearer”), German Low German nao, nå (“towards”), Luxembourgish no (“after”), Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk nær (“close, near”), Swedish när, nära (“close, near”), Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐍈 (nēƕ, “close, near”). See also nigh.
Near appears to be derived from (or at the very least influenced by) the North Germanic languages; as opposed to nigh, which continues the inherited West Germanic adjective. Both, however, are ultimately derived from the same Proto-Germanic root: *nēhw (“near, close”).
🔄 变式
neared
past
nearer
compar
nearest
superl
nearing
present
Nears
plural
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