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musty

🇺🇸 /mˈʌsti/ 🇬🇧 /ˈmʌsti/
adj 编号: M02703 BNC #21016 COCA #15457
musty 主要表示因潮湿或霉菌而产生的霉味、霉变感,也可引申为陈旧、乏味、守旧;另有少见的动物处于发情躁动期之义。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一间长期关闭、潮湿发霉的房间:空气、家具和食物先变得有霉味,随后“霉旧感”也可以形容思想、文章或一个人陈旧乏味、脱离时代。对动物的少见用法则是把这种词形单独记作“处于发情躁动期”。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“有霉味、受潮发霉”,再记“思想或人陈旧乏味”的比喻义;不要把它简单理解成普通的“旧”。
  • musty 与 must 没有现代英语学习者可以依赖的“必须”关系;看到 musty food 或 musty room 时,应优先想到霉味和受潮感。
📖 中文释义
adj
  • core 受潮发霉的
    📖 指东西因潮湿而发霉、霉变,重点是物品本身已经受到霉菌或潮气影响;它不只是“放了很久”。
    💡 常用模式是“musty + 房间、衣物、书本等名词”,例如 musty basement 或 musty books。这个义项描述物品或环境的状态,不能直接把 musty 当作“潮湿”的所有场合都使用;若只想说空气含水多,通常应选表示“潮湿”的词。
    The books became musty after years in the damp basement.
    这些书在潮湿的地下室里放了多年后变得发霉了。
    We opened the windows to dry out the musty room.
    我们打开窗户,让这间受潮发霉的房间干燥起来。
  • core 有霉味或霉味的
    📖 指食物、家具、房间等散发或带有霉味,也可指一种不新鲜的陈味;这里强调鼻子或嘴巴感受到的味道。
    💡 常用模式是“musty + smell/odour/taste”或“东西 + smell/taste musty”。它通常描述令人不舒服的气味或味道,不等于单纯的“旧味”或“味道浓”;说食物时往往暗示食物已经不新鲜,不宜食用。
    There was a musty smell coming from the old sofa.
    那张旧沙发散发出一股霉味。
    The bread tasted musty, so I threw it away.
    面包吃起来有霉味,所以我把它扔了。
  • common 霉变的;与霉菌有关的
    📖 指某种味道、气味或特征带有霉菌、霉变的性质,重点不是具体物品发霉,而是它呈现出这种霉变特征。
    💡 常用模式是“musty + smell/odour/taste/flavour”等表示感官特征的名词。这个义项和“有霉味”很接近,但更像是在说明某种气味或味道的性质;不要把它用于所有不新鲜或变质的食物。
    The drink had a musty, sour flavour.
    这种饮料带着霉味和酸味。
  • common 陈旧过时的
    📖 从发霉、放久的东西引申而来,指观点、态度、文章或做法已经不新鲜、缺乏吸引力,甚至不合时代。
    💡 常用模式是“musty + ideas/attitudes/writing/traditions”等抽象名词。这个比喻义带有明显的否定意味,常用于评论内容或观念;不要把它当作礼貌地表示“经典”或“传统”。
    figuratively
    The article repeats the same musty ideas about education.
    这篇文章反复重复关于教育的那些陈旧观点。
  • common 乏味守旧的
    📖 形容人像一间久未通风的旧房间一样,思想和生活方式缺少新意、过于保守,显得无聊或脱离时代。
    💡 常用模式是“a musty person”或“musty + personality/character”等,但直接这样形容人会显得尖刻。它通常是比喻性的负面评价,既可指无趣,也可指思想守旧;不要把它误解为单纯的“年纪大”。
    figuratively
    His musty views make it hard for him to accept new technology.
    他那些守旧的观点让他很难接受新技术。
  • rare 脾气暴躁的
    📖 旧用法或英国北部部分地区用法,指人心情不好、易怒、爱发脾气;这个义项可看作从“沉闷阴郁”进一步引申出来。
    💡 通常作表语或放在名词前,如 someone is musty 或 a musty old man,但现代通用英语中很少这样使用。除非语境明确带有地区性或历史性,否则不要用它表示“生气”;一般应选择更常见的词。
    figuratively
mustier comparative mustiest superlative
adj
  • rare 处于发情躁动期的
    📖 指雄性大象、骆驼等动物处在性活动增强、可能更具攻击性的特殊时期;这是独立的专业义项。
    💡 常见于“musty + male elephant/camel”这类动物学语境,不能用来泛指动物发情或人的情绪暴躁。它非常少见,遇到时应根据动物和行为上下文理解。
    rare
more musty comparative most musty superlative
noun
  • rare 带霉味的鼻烟
    📖 指一种具有霉味的鼻烟,是由形容词的“有霉味”之义转成的名词用法。
    💡 通常作为不可数名词出现在历史语境中,不能自然地当作普通可数物品说“一个 musty”。现代学习中只需识别其词典义,不必主动使用。
    obsolete uncountable
verb
  • rare 变得发霉
    📖 指物品逐渐变得受潮、有霉味或不新鲜,是形容词“发霉的”转成的动词用法。
    💡 通常用作不及物动词,主语是会发霉的物品,不能直接把它当作现代英语中常见的及物动词使用。这个用法已经过时,阅读旧文本时认出其“变霉”即可。
    intransitive obsolete
musties present,singular,third-person mustying participle,present mustied participle,past mustied past musty first-person,present,singular mustied first-person,past,singular musty present,second-person,singular mustiest archaic,present,second-person,singular mustied past,second-person,singular mustiedst archaic,past,second-person,singular mustieth archaic,present,singular,third-person mustied past,singular,third-person musty plural,present mustied past,plural musty present,subjunctive mustied past,subjunctive musty imperative,present - imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 2 组
stale and unclean smelling
同义词集: fusty musty frowsty
近似: ill-smelling, malodorous, malodourous, stinky, unpleasant-smelling
covered with or smelling of mold;
同义词集: moldy mouldy musty
moldy bread
a moldy (or musty) odor
近似: stale
🌳 词源
形容词源自中古英语,词源可能与表示“潮湿”和“发霉”的古法语、拉丁语词有关;名词和动词由该形容词派生。
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English musty; further origin uncertain, possibly from one of the following: * From Anglo-Norman muste, moste, variants of moiste, muiste (“moist”), from Old French moiste (“clammy, damp, moist, wet”) (modern French moite (“muggy; sticky, sweaty”)), from a blend of Vulgar Latin *mucidus (from Latin mūcidus (“mouldy, musty”), from Old Latin mūceō (“to be mouldy or musty”) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’, forming adjectives)) + Latin mustum (“unfermented or partially fermented grape juice, must; new wine”) (from mustus (“fresh; young; unfermented”), from Proto-Indo-European *mus-, *mews- (“damp; moss”)). * From another language derived from the above Latin words (compare the cognates below). * A variant of Middle English mosty, moisti (“damp, humid, wet, moisty; of fruit: moist and juicy”) [and other forms] (perhaps influenced by must (“fruit (usually grape) juice which has been or will be fermented”)), from moist, moiste (“damp, humid; moist, wet; well-irrigated, well-watered; liquid; of ale: new; (figuratively) not withered, fresh; carnal, lascivious; raw, undisciplined”) (from Old French moiste: see above) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Compare Middle French moisi (“mouldy”), an adjective use of the past participle of moisir (“(to cause) to go mouldy, to moulder”) (modern French moisir), from Latin mūcēre, the present active infinitive of Old Latin mūceō (“to be mouldy or musty”): see above. The English word is analysable as must (“mould; mustiness”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives); however, must is thought to be a back-formation from musty. The noun and verb are derived from the adjective. Cognates * Catalan mústic, musti (“wilted, withered; gloomy, sad”) * Galician murcho, mucho (“wilted, withered”) * Old Occitan moste (Occitan moste, mosti, musti (“damp, wet”) (Gascon)) * Portuguese murcho (“wilted, withered; gloomy, sad”) * Spanish mustio (“wilted, withered; gloomy, sad”)
🔄 变式
- imperat more musty compar most musty superl mustied 1st_sg mustiedst archaic mustier compar musties present mustiest archaic mustieth archaic mustying present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根