musket

musket 主要指旧式步兵火枪；另有一个较少见的词义，指一种雄性雀鹰。

💡 记忆钩子

把它记成“从小猛禽到火枪”的词：musket 最初和小型雀鹰有关，后来这种猛禽的名字被借来称呼肩扛式火枪。现代阅读中通常先想到旧式火枪，雀鹰义只在猎鹰、鸟类或历史语境中出现。

📝 学习建议

优先掌握“旧式火枪”这一核心义；不要把 musket 泛泛地理解成所有枪械，也不要默认它等同于现代 rifle。
雀鹰义较少见，遇到鸟类或猎鹰语境时再辨认即可。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 旧式步兵火枪

📖 指过去由步兵携带的长枪式火器，早期用火绳点火，后来先后采用燧发和击发等装置，最后逐渐被 rifle 取代。它是历史上的武器名称，不是现代步枪的普通说法。

💡 常见搭配是“carry a musket”“fire a musket”或“a musket and bayonet”。它通常出现在军事史、殖民时代、历史小说等语境中，带有明显的历史色彩；不要把 musket 当作所有枪械的总称，也不要把它和现代 rifle 随意互换。

The soldiers carried muskets and marched across the field.

士兵们扛着火枪，穿过了田野。

The museum displays a musket from the eighteenth century.

博物馆展出了一支十八世纪的火枪。
rare 雄性雀鹰

📖 在猎鹰或鸟类语境中，musket 可指雄性雀鹰；这个义项也许是从这种体型较小、带斑纹的猛禽名称发展出来的。

💡 通常只在猎鹰、鸟类学或历史词典中以“a musket”出现。现代普通英语中，读者看到 musket 往往首先理解为火枪，因此需要依靠鸟类语境判断这一少见义项。

muskets plural

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 1 组

a muzzle-loading shoulder gun with a long barrel; formerly used by infantrymen

同义词集: musket

🌳 词源

musket 约在1210年先作为姓氏出现，后来由表示雀鹰的中古法语和古意大利语词发展而来，最终借指一种火枪；其词源与表示“苍蝇”的词有关。

First attested around 1210 as a surname, and later in the 1400s as a word for the sparrowhawk (Middle English forms: musket, muskett, muskete (“sparrow hawk”)), from Middle French mousquet, from Old Italian moschetto (a diminutive of mosca (“fly”), from Latin musca) used to refer initially to a sparrowhawk (given its small size or speckled appearance) and then a crossbow arrow. The name was subsequently adopted for a heavier, shoulder-fired version of an arquebus, adhering to a pattern of naming firearms and cannons after birds of prey and similar creatures (compare falcon, falconet), a sense which was also borrowed into French and then (around 1580) into English. Cognate to Spanish mosquete, Portuguese mosquete. Smoothbore firearms continued to be called muskets even as they switched from using matchlocks to flintlocks to percussion locks, but with the advent of rifled muskets, the word was finally displaced by rifle.

🔄 变式

muskets plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根