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movement

★★★★

🇺🇸 /mˈuvmʌnt/

noun 编号: M02466 牛津3000 BNC #564 COCA #707

movement 主要表示“移动、运动”，也可指由此引申出的机械运转、艺术动感、社会运动，以及音乐作品中的乐章等。

💡 记忆钩子

把 movement 想成“动起来的东西”：物体从一个位置移到另一个位置，是 movement；钟表等装置内部传递运动的结构，也是 movement；当一群人为了共同目标行动时，就变成社会 movement；艺术、音乐或作品中让人感到在动的效果，也可以用 movement 表示。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“移动、动作”和“社会运动”这两个核心义项，再学习机械、艺术和音乐中的专门用法。
movement 不只表示单个动作，也常表示一种持续的趋势、组织性行动或整体结构；不要一律把它理解成“运动这个动作”。
表示体育锻炼时通常说 exercise，而不是直接用 movement。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 移动；运动

📖 指物体或身体从一个位置向另一个位置移动，也可以指被观察到的一次动作或动静。这是 movement 最基础的含义，其他许多义项都从“动起来”引申而来。

💡 常用结构是 movement in/under/behind something，表示“某处有移动或动静”，也可说 a movement of the body。表示某人正在移动时，通常用 move 或 movement depending on whether you mean the action or the observed motion；不要把 movement 一律理解为体育锻炼。

countable uncountable

I noticed a movement behind the curtain.

我注意到窗帘后面有动静。

The sudden movement made the baby cry.

突然的动作把婴儿吓哭了。
common 机械运动装置

📖 指机器或装置中负责传递、改变特定运动的内部结构，尤其常用于钟表。它不是一次简单的移动，而是让装置持续运转的机械部分。

💡 常用结构是 the movement of a watch/clock，表示“手表或钟的机芯”。这个义项多见于工程、钟表和技术语境；日常谈机器移动时，不要误把 movement 当成机器本身。

countable uncountable

This watch has a reliable automatic movement.

这块手表配有可靠的自动机芯。
common 艺术中的动感

📖 指绘画、小说等艺术作品给人的运动感或动态效果，即作品本身没有真的移动，却让人感觉其中充满动作和变化。

💡 常用结构是 a sense/impression of movement in a painting or novel，表示“作品中的动感”。这里通常说的是审美效果，不是画面或故事真的发生了物理位移。

countable uncountable

The painting creates a strong sense of movement.

这幅画营造出强烈的动感。
core 社会运动；潮流

📖 指一群人因共同理念而采取行动、争取某种社会目标，也可指某个领域中持续发展的思想或潮流。这是“人们一起动起来”从身体动作扩展到集体行动。

💡 常用结构是 a social/political/civil-rights movement，表示“社会、政治或民权运动”，也可说 the movement for something。movement 在这里通常是可数名词，前面常有表示领域或目标的修饰语；不要把它简单译成没有组织性的“趋势”。

countable uncountable

The environmental movement has changed public attitudes.

环保运动改变了公众的态度。

She joined a movement for equal pay.

她加入了争取同工同酬的运动。
common 乐章

📖 指大型音乐作品中相对独立的一大部分，通常有自己的速度、情绪和结构。可以把它理解为整部音乐作品中的一个“较大的动作段落”。

💡 常用结构是 the first/second/final movement of a symphony or concerto，表示“交响曲或协奏曲的第几乐章”。在音乐语境中通常译为“乐章”，不要和普通的身体动作混淆。

countable uncountable

The second movement is quiet and deeply moving.

第二乐章安静而且非常感人。
common 音乐的进行或速度

📖 指音乐旋律进行的方式、重音特点、速度或节奏感，关注的是音乐怎样“动起来”，不一定指一整部作品中的一个乐章。

💡 常用结构是 the movement of a melody/music，表示“旋律或音乐的进行方式”。这个义项较专业，常见于音乐评论或分析；谈一般意义上的速度时，通常用 tempo，而不是 movement。

countable uncountable

The movement of the melody becomes faster near the end.

旋律的进行在结尾附近变得更快。
rare 飞机起降次数

📖 在航空统计中，指一次飞机起飞或降落，把飞机的进出机场看作一次可计数的运动。

countable uncountable
rare 棒球投球偏移

📖 在棒球中，指投出的球偏离原本直线飞行轨迹的变化，即球在飞行中的特殊移动。

countable uncountable
rare 桥牌赛制安排

📖 在复式桥牌中，指一轮比赛中的换桌和换对手安排，让牌局和牌桌按规定流动。

countable uncountable
common 排便；大便

📖 在医学或委婉说法中，指一次排便，也可以指排出的粪便。这里是把身体内部的运动过程简称为 movement。

💡 常用结构是 have a bowel movement，表示“排便”，也可在医学描述中说 after a movement。这个义项多见于医疗或较委婉的表达；日常口语中不要在所有“动作”语境里使用它。

abbreviation alt-of countable ellipsis uncountable

The nurse asked whether he had had a bowel movement.

护士问他是否排过便。
rare 思想或情感的波动

📖 旧式用法中指心灵或感情的活动、触动，相当于内心发生了“移动”。现代英语中很少单独这样使用。

countable obsolete uncountable

movements plural

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 11 组

the act of changing location from one place to another; ;

同义词集: motion movement move

police controlled the motion of the crowd

the movement of people from the farms to the cities

his move put him directly in my path

上位: change 下位: advance, advancement, approach, approaching, ascending, ascension, ascent, chase, coast, coming, crawl, descent, displacement, flow, following, forward motion, glide, haste, hurry, hurrying, locomotion, lunge, lurch, maneuver, manoeuvre, migration, onward motion, play, procession, progress, progression, pursual, pursuit, return, rise, rush, rushing, shift, shifting, slide, speed, speeding, stream, swing, swinging, translation, travel, traveling, travelling, vacillation

the act of changing the location of something

同义词集: movement

the movement of cargo onto the vessel

上位: change 下位: conveyance, deracination, displacement, insertion, introduction, intromission, letting down, lowering, transfer, transferral, transplant, transplantation, transplanting, transport, transportation

a change of position that does not entail a change of location; ; ;

同义词集: motion movement move motility

the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise

movement is a sign of life

an impatient move of his hand

gastrointestinal motility

上位: change 下位: abduction, agitation, closing, dart, disturbance, eversion, everting, flicker, flit, flutter, gesture, inclination, inclining, inversion, jerk, jerking, jolt, kick, kicking, kneel, kneeling, lurch, opening, pitch, pitching, posing, quiver, quivering, reach, reaching, reclining, retraction, rotary motion, rotation, saccade, shutting, sitting, snap, span, squat, squatting, squirm, standing, straddle, stretch, stroke, sweep, toss, upending, vibration, wave, waver, wiggle, wriggle

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; ; ; ;

同义词集: campaign cause crusade drive movement effort

he supported populist campaigns

they worked in the cause of world peace

the team was ready for a drive toward the pennant

the movement to end slavery

contributed to the war effort

上位: venture 下位: campaigning, candidacy, candidature, consumerism, electioneering, feminism, feminist movement, political campaign, reform, war, women's lib, women's liberation movement

the driving and regulating parts of a mechanism (as of a watch or clock)

同义词集: movement

it was an expensive watch with a diamond movement

上位: action, action mechanism

a general tendency to change (as of opinion);

同义词集: drift trend movement

not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book

a broad movement of the electorate to the right

上位: disposition, inclination, tendency

a major self-contained part of a symphony or sonata

同义词集: movement

the second movement is slow and melodic

上位: composition, musical composition, opus, piece, piece of music

a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something

同义词集: movement motion

上位: happening, natural event, occurrence, occurrent 下位: approach, approaching, backlash, bend, bending, cam stroke, change of location, commotion, deflection, deflexion, heave, kick, moving ridge, passage, passing, rebound, recoil, repercussion, seek, squeeze, stroke, throw, travel, turn, turning, twist, undulation, wave, whirl, wobble, wrench, wring

a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals; ;

同义词集: movement social movement front

he was a charter member of the movement

politicians have to respect a mass movement

he led the national liberation front

下位: zionism, zionist movement

an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object;

同义词集: apparent motion motion apparent movement movement

the cinema relies on apparent motion

the succession of flashing lights gave an illusion of movement

a euphemism for defecation

同义词集: bowel movement movement bm

he had a bowel movement

上位: defecation, laxation, shitting

🌳 词源

源自中古英语和古法语，最终与拉丁语中表示“移动”的词有关；词形可理解为 move 加后缀 -ment。

Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *m(y)owh₁éyeti Proto-Italic *moweō Latin movēre Old French movoir Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom Proto-Italic *-mentom Latin -mentum Old French -ment Old French movementbor. Middle English mevement English movement From Middle English mevement, from Old French movement (modern French mouvement), from movoir + -ment; cf. also Medieval Latin movimentum, from Latin movere (“move”). Doublet of moment and momentum. In this sense, displaced native Old English styring, which led to Modern English stirring. Morphologically move + -ment.

🔄 变式

movements plural

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