mortgage

mortgage 主要指以房产或土地作担保的贷款，也可作动词表示抵押房产借款，或比喻用未来的代价换取眼前的结果。

💡 记忆钩子

把房产押给贷款方，先得到钱，之后必须偿还；这个“拿重要东西作担保、换取眼前利益”的画面也可延伸到把未来押上，换取现在的享受或成果。

📝 学习建议

先掌握名词“房屋抵押贷款”和动词“抵押房产借款”，再记比喻义；不要把 mortgage 泛泛理解成普通贷款。
它通常涉及房屋、土地等固定财产，不是把汽车或其他可移动物品作一般意义上的抵押。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 房屋抵押贷款

📖 一种以房屋、土地等固定财产作担保的贷款。借款人按约还款；如果不能履行还款义务，贷款方可能依法处置这项财产，贷款还清后，抵押限制通常解除。

💡 常见句型是“get/take out a mortgage to buy + 房产”或“pay off a mortgage”。不要把 mortgage 直接当作房价或首付款；它指借来的、以房产作担保的那部分贷款。

countable uncountable

They took out a mortgage to buy their first home.

他们贷款买下了自己的第一套房。

We hope to pay off the mortgage before we retire.

我们希望在退休前还清房屋抵押贷款。
rare 抵押状态

📖 指土地或其他财产处于被抵押、作为债务担保的状态，是较旧的法律用法。

💡 通常出现在法律、历史或旧文本中，常见于“lands/property in mortgage”一类结构。现代日常英语一般不用它表示这种状态，而会直接说 property is mortgaged 或有 mortgage。

countable obsolete uncountable

mortgages plural

verb

core 抵押房产借款

📖 把房屋、土地或其他固定财产作为担保，以此取得贷款；财产仍由借款人使用，但贷款方在违约时拥有依法处置它的权利。

💡 常见句型是“mortgage + 房产 + to buy/pay for + 目的”或“mortgage + 房产 + with/to + 贷款方”。它是及物动词，不能只说 mortgage 而省略所抵押的东西来表达普通的“借钱”。

transitive

She mortgaged the farm to finance the expansion.

她抵押了农场，为扩张筹集资金。

They had to mortgage their house after the business failed.

生意失败后，他们只好抵押房子。
common 押上未来换取眼前利益

📖 比喻把自己的未来、机会或长期利益当作抵押，换取眼前的好处，通常暗含这种交换代价很高或不明智。

💡 常见结构是“mortgage one’s future”或“mortgage the future for + 眼前利益”。这种用法多用于正式评论、新闻和比喻性表达，不要把它按字面理解为真的办理房产贷款。

figuratively transitive

The policy may mortgage the country's future for short-term growth.

这项政策可能会牺牲国家的未来来换取短期增长。

mortgages present,singular,third-person mortgaging participle,present mortgaged participle,past mortgaged past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 2 组

put up as security or collateral

同义词集: mortgage

上位: owe 下位: bond

a conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan

同义词集: mortgage

🌳 词源

源自中古英语和古法语，字面上与“死的抵押”有关，指债务未清偿前抵押物一直被约束。

From Middle English morgage and Middle French mortgage, from Anglo-Norman morgage, from Old French mort gage (“dead pledge”), after a translation of judicial Medieval Latin mortuum wadium, with wadium from Frankish *wadi (“wager, pledge”). Compare gage and also wage. So called because rents and profits from the land were owed to the lender for as long as the gage existed (comparable to interest on a loan today), as opposed to the living gage, in which rents and profits automatically reduced the debt (paying it off over time).

🔄 变式

mortgaged past mortgages plural mortgaging present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根