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mortal
★★
🇺🇸 /mˈɔɹtʌl/
🇬🇧 /ˈmɔː.təl/
mortal 主要表示“会死亡的、属于凡人的”，也可由此引申为“致命的、极其痛苦的”或“凡人”。
💡 记忆钩子
把 mortal 想成“凡人终有一死”：人本身是会死的，所以是“凡人的”；能把人送入死亡的东西就是“致命的”，而极其痛苦或令人疲惫的感觉，则像死亡一样难受。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“会死的、凡人的”和“致命的”两条主线，再学习“极其痛苦”等引申义。
- mortal 不只是“死亡的”，通常强调某人或某物具有死亡的界限，或会导致死亡；不要把它机械地当作 deadly 的普通替代词。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 会死亡的；非永生的📖 指会因为衰老、疾病或受伤而死亡的，和“永生的”相反；也常用来强调普通人而非神或超自然存在。💡 常用结构是“a mortal + 名词”或“mere mortals”，如“mortal beings”和“mortal life”。这个词多用于书面、文学或带有哲理色彩的表达，日常说“人会死”通常不用它。中文学习者容易把它只理解成“死亡的”，但它更常表示“有死亡界限的”。Even the strongest heroes are mortal.即使最强大的英雄也会死。The gods looked down on ordinary mortals.众神俯视着普通凡人。
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core 致命的📖 表示足以导致死亡的，现代英语尤其常形容伤口、损伤或打击；它把“凡人会死”这一核心概念转成了“能把人推向死亡”。💡 常见结构是“mortal wound”或“mortal injury”，表示致命伤或致命损伤。这个义项带有较强的书面或文学色彩，日常说明危险时通常用“致命的”对应的普通表达。不要随意把它用于所有严重问题；它通常暗示实际可能导致死亡。The soldier suffered a mortal wound in the battle.那名士兵在战斗中受了致命伤。
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rare 可判处死刑的📖 指某种罪行在法律上严重到可以判处死刑，属于较旧或正式的法律用法。
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rare 致命弱点处的📖 指身体上受到攻击便会致命的部位或位置，是从“致命的”进一步具体化的旧式用法。
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rare 与死亡时刻有关的📖 指与临终或死亡发生的时刻有关，主要见于文学或古旧表达。
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common 死敌般的；极强烈的📖 表示某种关系或力量强烈得仿佛会带来死亡，最常见于“死敌”这一类表达。💡 最常见的搭配是“mortal enemy”，表示不共戴天的敌人或死敌。这里通常是夸张的比喻，不一定真的涉及杀人；不要把它误解成“已经死去的敌人”。The two leaders became mortal enemies after the dispute.争执之后，两位领导人成了死敌。
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common 凡人的；人类的📖 强调属于普通人或人类，而不是神、精灵等不受死亡限制的存在；它和“会死亡的”这一核心义密切相关。💡 常见于“mortal man”“mortal mind”等偏文学或哲学的搭配，通常放在名词前。它强调人的有限性，不只是普通的“人的”或“人类的”。日常说明所属关系时，普通表达往往比 mortal 更自然。No mortal mind could fully understand the machine.凡人的心智不可能完全理解这台机器。
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common 极其痛苦或令人疲惫的📖 把某件事形容得像死亡一样难受、漫长或折磨人，常带夸张语气。💡 常放在时间、等待、无聊的活动等名词前，如“a mortal two hours”表示漫长难熬的两个小时。这个义项通常是非正式或文学性的夸张，不要按“会死亡的”直译。它不能自然地修饰所有表示“不舒服”的名词。We sat through two mortal hours of speeches.我们熬过了两个极其漫长难捱的小时演讲。
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rare 酩酊大醉的📖 在部分苏格兰和英格兰东北部方言俚语中表示“醉得很厉害”，与标准英语中的主要义项不同。💡 这是地域性俚语用法，不适合在普通英语中主动使用。除非语境明确来自相关地区或方言文本，否则应把 mortal 理解为“会死亡的”或“致命的”。Geordie Scotland slang
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rare 造成灵性死亡的📖 在宗教语境中指使人的灵性状态遭到毁灭或与救赎隔绝的事物，是“致命”概念的宗教化引申。
more mortal
comparative
most mortal
superlative
adv
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rare 非常；要命地📖 在口语或方言中用来加强形容词，表示程度非常高，仿佛强烈到“要命”。💡 通常放在形容词前，形成“mortal + 形容词”的结构。它不是现代标准英语中普遍使用的副词，正式写作和大多数日常场景都应改用普通程度副词。colloquial not-comparable
noun
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core 凡人📖 指有生有死的普通人，常用来和神、超人或其他不朽存在对比；这个名词义直接来自“会死亡的生命”。💡 最常见的搭配是“a mere mortal”，也可以用复数“mortals”泛指凡人。这个词常带文学、幽默或自谦色彩，普通对话中不能总是替代“人”。Her talent seemed almost supernatural to a mere mortal like me.对我这样的凡人来说，她的才能简直像超自然力量。
mortals
plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
a human being
同义词集:
person
individual
someone
somebody
mortal
soul
there was too much for one person to do
上位: being, causal agency, causal agent, cause, organism
下位: abomination, aboriginal, aborigine, achiever, acquaintance, active, actor, admirer, adult, adventurer, adversary, advocate, advocator, african, african-american, aggregator, agnostic, albino, allayer, amateur, ancient, anomaly, antagonist, anti, ape, aper, applicant, applied scientist, applier, appointee, appointment, aquarius, archer, aries, assimilator, attempter, authority, automaton, baby, baby boomer, baby buster, balance, baldhead, baldpate, baldy, battler, beard, beholder, belligerent, bereaved, bereaved person, best, birth, black, blogger, blond, blonde, bodybuilder, bomber, boomer, brunet, brunette, bull, buster, cancer, candidate, capitalist, capricorn, carrottop, case, cashier, caucasian, censor, chameleon, changer, child, chooser, closer, coddler, collector, combatant, comforter, common man, common person, commoner, communicator, compeer, compulsive, contemplative, contestant, contriver, controller, convert, copycat, counter, coward, crab, crawler, creator, creature, creditor, creeper, cripple, cross-dresser, dancer, dead person, dead soul, debitor, debtor, deceased, deceased person, decedent, denizen, departed, deviser, dieter, dissenter, dissident, divider, doer, double, doubter, dresser, drug user, dupe, dweller, eccentric, eccentric person, elizabethan, emulator, engineer, entertainer, equal, essayer, ethnic, expert, explorer, exponent, face, female, female person, fiduciary, fighter, fish, flake, fleer, follower, forerunner, friend, fugitive, gambler, gatekeeper, gatherer, gay, geek, gem, gemini, gentile, gipsy, goat, grownup, guinea pig, gypsy, habitant, hater, have, hebrew, heterosexual, heterosexual person, homo, homophile, homosexual, hope, image, imitator, immune, indigen, indigene, indweller, inexperienced person, inhabitant, innocent, insured, insured person, intellect, intellectual, interpreter, introvert, israelite, jew, jewel, jumper, junior, juvenile, juvenile person, killer, kink, latin, leader, learner, left-hander, lefty, leo, libra, life, linguist, lion, literate, literate person, liver, longer, look-alike, lover, machine, mailer, male, male person, man, manipulator, married, match, mediocrity, misfit, mixed-blood, modern, modifier, mollycoddler, mouse, mover and shaker, muscle builder, muscle-builder, musclebuilder, muscleman, namesake, national, native, negro, negroid, neighbor, neighbour, neutral, nonpartisan, nonpartizan, nude, nude person, objector, observer, oddball, opener, opponent, opposer, optimist, orphan, ostrich, owner, pamperer, partner, party, passer, peer, perceiver, percipient, personification, perspirer, philosopher, picker, pisces, planner, player, polyglot, possessor, precursor, primitive, primitive person, proponent, prospect, protester, quarter, quester, radical, ram, realist, recoverer, red-header, redhead, redheader, relation, relative, reliever, repeater, rescuer, resister, restrainer, rich person, right hander, right-hander, righthander, riser, ruler, runaway, rusher, sagittarius, saver, scholar, scientist, scorpio, scorpion, scourge, scrapper, searcher, second-rater, seeker, selector, self, shaker, showman, signatory, signer, simple, simpleton, six-footer, skidder, skin, skinhead, slave, slayer, slider, slipper, social dancer, sort, southpaw, sphinx, spoiler, sport, straight, straight person, stranger, subject, substance abuser, succeeder, success, survivor, suspect, swayer, sweater, taurus, technologist, terror, thirster, threat, thrower, tiger, topper, transexual, transfer, transferee, transgendered, transsexual, transvestite, traveler, traveller, trier, turner, twin, tyrant, undoer, unfastener, unfortunate, unfortunate person, untier, unusual person, user, venturer, victim, victorian, virgin, virgo, visionary, waiter, walk-in, ward, warrior, watcher, water bearer, wealthy person, weasel, white, white person, wight, winner, witness, worker, yearner, zombi, zombie
causing or capable of causing death; ; ;
同义词集:
deadly
deathly
mortal
a fatal accident
a deadly enemy
mortal combat
a mortal illness
近似: fatal
subject to death
同义词集:
mortal
mortal beings
反义: immortal
参见: earthly, finite
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 mortalis，来自 mors“死亡”；后来经古法语和中古英语进入现代英语。
From Middle English mortal, mortel, from Old French mortal, and their source Latin mortālis, from mors (“death”). In this sense, displaced native deadly, from Old English dēadlīċ.
🔄 变式
more mortal
compar
mortals
plural
most mortal
superl
🏷 单词标签 & 词根