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mistake
★★★★
🇺🇸 /mɪstˈeɪk/
🇬🇧 [mɪˈstɛjk]
mistake 主要表示“错误、失误”,也可以表示把人或事物认错,以及做错某事。
💡 记忆钩子
把东西“拿错”就是 mistake:拿错对象,是“认错”;想错、做错,是“犯错误”;在棒球中把球投到不该出现的好打位置,也是一种“失误”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“错误”和动词“认错、做错”这两条现代常用意义;较旧的“误解”意义在现代英语中通常用其他表达。
- 不要把 mistake 只理解成严重过失,它也可以指普通的小错误或判断失误。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 错误;失误📖 指无意中做错、想错或判断错的事情,范围很广,从拼写错误到人生决定都可以称为 mistake。💡 常用搭配是“make a mistake”或“make mistakes”,表示犯错误;若说明错误出在哪里,可用“a mistake in + 名词”。一般不说“do a mistake”,也不要把 mistake 只用于严重的过错。I made a mistake in the last question.我最后一道题做错了。Everyone makes mistakes sometimes.每个人有时都会犯错。
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common 投球失误📖 在棒球等球类运动中,指原本想把球投到难以击打的位置,却意外投到了容易被击中的位置,因此形成对投手不利的失误。💡 通常出现在棒球报道或比赛解说中,常用“a mistake pitch”或“make a mistake”描述这种投球。这里不是泛指任何错误,而是特指投球位置失误;日常非体育语境中仍优先理解为普通的“错误”。The pitcher made a mistake, and the batter hit a home run.投手投球失误,击球手打出了本垒打。
mistakes
plural
verb
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core 把……认成……📖 指因为外表、声音或其他相似之处,把一个人或事物误认成另一个对象;核心画面就是“拿错了对象”。💡 使用“mistake A for B”这一固定结构,A 是被认错的对象,B 是误认为的对象。不要说“mistake B to A”,也不要把它和表示一般误解的结构混用。transitiveI mistook her for her sister.我把她认成了她姐姐。The dark shape was mistaken for a person.那个黑影被误认为是一个人。
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rare 误解某人📖 这是较旧的用法,表示误解某人的意思或意图;现代英语中通常不用 mistake 单独表达这个意思。💡 这种用法多见于古旧或文学文本,现代交流中一般改用“misunderstand someone”或“misunderstand what someone means”。学习时只需能在旧文本中认出它,不必主动使用。obsolete transitive
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core 做错;犯错📖 表示无意中做了错误的事情,或形成了错误的想法;它和名词 mistake 的“错误”意义直接相连。💡 现代英语更常用“make a mistake”表示“犯错误”,而不是单独用 mistake 作不及物动词。若要表达“在某件事上弄错了”,可用“mistake in + 动名词”或“be mistaken about + 名词”。intransitive obsoleteI was mistaken about the meeting time.我把会议时间弄错了。
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rare 拿错;选错📖 这是古旧或边缘用法,指拿取、选择或采用了错误的对象或方式,可以看作“拿错”这一核心画面的直接延伸。💡 现代英语通常用“choose the wrong one”“take the wrong one”或“choose wrongly”来表达。这个意义主要用于理解旧文本,不建议在日常英语中主动使用。obsolete rare
mistakes
present,singular,third-person
mistaking
participle,present
mistook
past
mistaken
participle,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 5 组
a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; ;
同义词集:
mistake
error
fault
he made a bad mistake
she was quick to point out my errors
I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults
下位: balls-up, ballup, betise, bloomer, blooper, blot, blunder, boner, boo-boo, botch, bungle, cockup, confusion, distortion, flub, folly, foolishness, foul-up, fuckup, imbecility, incursion, lapse, mess-up, miscue, mix-up, offside, omission, oversight, parapraxis, pratfall, renege, revoke, skip, slip, slip-up, smear, smirch, spot, stain, stupidity
to make a mistake or be incorrect
同义词集:
err
mistake
slip
下位: slip up, stumble, trip up
参见: slip up, stumble, trip up
identify incorrectly
同义词集:
mistake
misidentify
Don't mistake her for her twin sister
上位: identify
下位: confound, confuse
an understanding of something that is not correct; ;
同义词集:
mistake
misunderstanding
misapprehension
he wasn't going to admit his mistake
make no mistake about his intentions
there must be some misunderstanding--I don't have a sister
上位: misconception
part of a statement that is not correct
同义词集:
error
mistake
the book was full of errors
下位: erratum, literal, literal error, misprint, typo, typographical error
🌳 词源
来自中古英语,源自古诺尔斯语,原意与“拿错、弄错”有关;由 mis-(错误地)和 take(拿、取)构成。名词由动词意义发展而来。
From Middle English mistaken, from Old Norse mistaka (“to take in error, to miscarry”); equivalent to mis- + take. Cognate with Icelandic mistaka (“to mistake”), Swedish missta (“to mistake”) (before apocope misstaga).
The noun, which replaced earlier mistaking, is derived from the verb. Compare Swedish misstag (“mistake”, noun), Faroese mistak (“mitake”, noun), Icelandic mistak (“mistake”, noun).
🔄 变式
mistaken
past
mistakes
plural
mistaking
present
mistook
past
🏷 单词标签 & 词根