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material
★★★★
🇺🇸 /mʌtˈɪɹiʌl/
🇬🇧 /məˈtɪə.ɹi.əl/
material 主要表示“构成或支撑某物的物质”,也可引申为具体的资料、布料、人才,或“重要的、现实物质的”。
💡 记忆钩子
把 material 想成“做成东西的材料”:木头、金属是材料,文字和数据也能成为写作或教学的材料;因为材料决定实际结果,所以 material 还表示“重要的、实质性的”,并可指偏重物质生活的“物质的”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“材料”和形容词“物质的、重要的”两条主线,再学习资料、布料和人才等固定搭配。
- 不要把 material 只理解成“布料”;在日常英语中,它更常指一般材料、资料,或某事是否具有实质影响。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 物质的;由物质构成的📖 指与实际物质有关,或由物质构成的,而不是抽象的观念。它是“材料”这条核心意义在形容词中的直接用法。💡 常用结构是 material + 名词,如 material properties、material resources。它描述物质本身或物理性质,不能随意替换表示“重要”的 material。The new material is light but very strong.这种新材料很轻,但非常坚固。
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common 身体的;生活物质方面的📖 指人的身体、健康或基本生活所需的物质方面,例如食物、住所和衣物。💡 常见结构是 material needs、material support 等,通常放在名词前作定语。这里强调身体和生活条件,不表示“有形的东西”本身。The charity provides material support to families in need.这个慈善机构为有需要的家庭提供物质支持。
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rare 关于事实材料或推理内容的📖 在哲学、逻辑等专业语境中,指与推理所依据的事实、经验内容有关,而不是推理形式本身。💡 通常出现在 material cause 等专业术语中。这个义项多见于学术文本,普通对话中不要用它来泛指“有材料的”。
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core 实质性的;重要的📖 指某个差异、变化或事实会带来真实而重要的后果,因此不是无关紧要的小事。它由“材料会影响最终结果”这一核心概念引申而来。💡 常用结构是 a material difference、material change、material impact。它偏正式,尤其常见于法律和商业文本;不要把它简单理解成“物质的”。especiallyThe two plans show no material difference in cost.这两项计划在成本上没有实质性差异。
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common 物质的;物质主义的📖 指只关注金钱、财产和身体享受等现实物质层面,而相对不重视精神或思想层面。💡 常见结构是 the material world、material concerns、material wealth。它有时带有批评意味,但不一定等于 materialistic;后者更直接表示“物质主义的”。She wanted a richer spiritual life, not just greater material comfort.她想要更充实的精神生活,而不只是更舒适的物质生活。
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rare 内容充实的📖 旧式用法,指话语或作品内容丰富、不是空洞无物。💡 这是过时义项,现代英语中通常不用 material 表达“内容充实”。遇到它时可结合上下文理解为“有实质内容的”。obsolete
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rare 在很大程度上📖 旧式用法,表示“在重要或显著的程度上”。💡 这是过时义项,现代英语中不应主动使用。通常只在旧文本或词典释义中遇到。obsolete
more material
comparative
most material
superlative
noun
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core 材料;原料📖 指用来制造、建造或组成实体物品的物质,如木材、金属、塑料和纤维。这是名词 material 最基本的意义。💡 常用结构是 material for + 物品,或 material used to make + 物品;泛指材料时常作不可数名词。表示不同种类或具体物件时可用 materials。countable uncountableWe need stronger material for the bridge.我们需要更结实的材料来建这座桥。The toy is made from recycled materials.这个玩具由回收材料制成。
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common 适合某角色的人📖 放在某种角色或关系前,指某人具备成为该角色的条件,例如适合当伴侣、员工或领导。💡 常用结构是 someone is + 角色 + material,如 marriage material、management material。它是口语和非正式表达,通常不是指实际的“材料”。collective countable sometimes uncountableEveryone thinks Maya is excellent manager material.大家都认为玛雅很适合当优秀的经理。
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common 器材;制作工具📖 指完成某项活动或制作某物所需的器具、设备等。💡 通常用 materials 表示一整套器材,如 art materials、craft materials。不要只按“原料”理解,因为这里也可以指可反复使用的工具。countable plural uncountable usuallyThe students brought their art materials to class.学生们把美术用品带到了课堂。
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core 资料;素材📖 指可用于写作、教学、研究或形成判断的信息、数据、观察和想法。它把“可加工的物质”引申成“可加工的信息”。💡 常用结构是 teaching material(s)、reading material(s)、background material,以及 material for a report。泛指资料时常不可数,但表示不同文件或内容时常用复数 materials。countable uncountableI gathered enough material for my presentation.我收集了足够的演示资料。
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common 布料;织物📖 指可用来制作衣服的布,尤其是在谈裁缝、服装或一块布时。它是“制作某物的材料”在服装领域的具体用法。💡 常见结构是 a piece of material、material for a dress 和 dress material。表示“布料”时要看服装语境;普通情况下 material 仍可能只是一般材料。countable uncountableShe chose a soft blue material for the curtains.她为窗帘选了一种柔软的蓝色布料。
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common 构成要素;组成物质📖 泛指构成某个实体或非实体事物的成分,范围比具体的“原料”更广。它可以谈混合物的成分,也可以谈形成某种结果的内容。💡 常用结构是 materials that make up + 名词,或 solid/liquid materials。这个义项比 s1 更抽象,不一定表示人们有意拿来制造的原料。countable uncountableThe container keeps different materials separate.这个容器能让不同材料彼此分开。
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rare 界面材质;渲染材质📖 在计算机图形学中,指决定屏幕上物体如何呈现的设计元素,例如表面外观或渲染风格。💡 通常出现在软件、三维建模或图形界面的专业文本中。多用 materials 表示一组可选择的材质,不是日常的实体原料。countable uncountable
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rare 国际象棋中的非王棋子📖 在国际象棋术语中,指棋盘上除王以外的全部棋子和兵,强调一方拥有的棋力资源。💡 这是棋类专门用语,通常出现在谈弃子、交换或优势的语境中。日常英语里 material 更常表示“材料”或“资料”。countable uncountable
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rare 威士忌潘趣酒的配料📖 爱尔兰旧式用法,指制作威士忌潘趣酒所需的配料。💡 这是地区性且过时的用法,现代学习中无需主动使用。只能根据饮品语境理解。Ireland archaic countable uncountable
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rare 军需装备📖 指军队使用的装备和物资,接近“军需物资”的概念。💡 这是少见的军事用法,现代英语更常使用专门词表示军需装备。遇到时不要误解为普通建筑材料。countable rare uncountable
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rare 物质;物件📖 旧式泛称,指各种具体的物质或物件,回到“构成或存在于现实中的东西”这一核心概念。💡 这是过时用法,现代英语中一般会改用更具体的名词。只需在旧文本中按上下文理解。countable obsolete uncountable
materials
plural
verb
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rare 使成形;使物质化📖 旧式地指把某物从抽象状态形成实际的物质形态,仍可看出“材料使东西成形”的核心概念。💡 通常接表示被形成之物作宾语,常见于旧文学或历史文本。现代英语中不应把它当作 material 的普通动词形式。obsolete transitive
materials
present,singular,third-person
materialing
US,participle,present
materialling
UK,participle,present
materialed
US,participle,past
materialed
US,past
materialled
UK,participle,past
materialled
UK,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary; ;
同义词集:
substantial
real
material
the substantial world
a mere dream, neither substantial nor practical
The wind was violent and felt substantial enough to lean against
反义: insubstantial, unreal, unsubstantial
derived from or composed of matter
同义词集:
material
the material universe
反义: immaterial, nonmaterial
近似: physical
参见: real, substantial
having material or physical form or substance; - Benjamin Jowett
同义词集:
corporeal
material
that which is created is of necessity corporeal and visible and tangible
反义: immaterial, incorporeal
近似: bodied, bodily, corporal, corporate, embodied, incarnate
参见: bodied
directly relevant to a matter especially a law case; ; ;
同义词集:
material
his support made a material difference
evidence material to the issue at hand
facts likely to influence the judgment are called material facts
a material witness
反义: immaterial
近似: crucial
concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being; ; - T.Roosevelt
同义词集:
material
material needs
the moral and material welfare of all good citizens
近似: physical
concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests; ;
同义词集:
material
material possessions
material wealth
material comforts
近似: secular, temporal, worldly
artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; ;
同义词集:
fabric
cloth
material
textile
the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent
woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC
she measured off enough material for a dress
上位: artefact, artifact
下位: aba, acrylic, alpaca, bagging, belting, bunting, calico, camo, camouflage, canopy, canvas, canvass, cashmere, chiffon, chino, coating, cord, corduroy, cotton, crape, crepe, denim, diaper, duck, dungaree, elastic, felt, fiber, fibre, flannel, fleece, frieze, hair, haircloth, jean, khaki, knit, lace, lame, linen, lint, macintosh, mackintosh, madras, marseille, mesh, meshing, meshwork, metallic, motley, net, network, nylon, paisley, panting, pepper-and-salt, pique, plaid, plush, polyester, print, rayon, rep, repp, sacking, satin, screening, serge, shag, silk, spandex, suede, suede cloth, tammy, tapestry, tapis, tartan, terry, terry cloth, terrycloth, ticking, trousering, tweed, velcro, velvet, vulcanized fiber, wash-and-wear, waterproof, web, webbing, wool, woolen, woollen, yoke
things needed for doing or making something;
同义词集:
material
writing materials
useful teaching materials
上位: equipment
下位: packaging, railing, roofing
information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form
同义词集:
material
the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
上位: info, information
下位: copy
a person judged suitable for admission or employment;
同义词集:
material
he was university material
she was vice-presidential material
上位: applicant, applier
the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object;
同义词集:
material
stuff
coal is a hard black material
wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
上位: substance
下位: abradant, abrasive, abrasive material, adhesive, adhesive agent, adhesive material, aggregate, ammunition, atom, ballast, bedding, bedding material, builder, chemical, chemical substance, color, coloring material, colour, colouring material, conductor, contaminant, contamination, corpuscle, detergent builder, dielectric, discharge, dust, earth, emission, fiber, fibre, fill, filling, fluff, foam, ground, hazmat, insulator, litter, mineral, molecule, mote, nonconductor, packing, packing material, paper, particle, particulate, particulate matter, precursor, raw material, recycling, rind, rock, speck, staple, stone, thickener, thickening, toner, undercut, wad, wadding, waste, waste material, waste matter, waste product
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 materia,原义与“木材、材料、物质”有关,最终与表示“母亲”的词同源;名词和形容词的核心都保留了“构成某物的物质”这一概念。
From Middle English material, from Late Latin māteriālis, from Latin māteria (“wood, material, substance”), from māter (“mother”). Displaced native Middle English andweorc, andwork (“material, matter”) (from Old English andweorc (“matter, substance, material”)). Doublet of materiel.
🔄 变式
materialed
past
materialing
present
materialled
past
materialling
present
materials
plural
more material
compar
most material
superl
🏷 单词标签 & 词根