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lunch
★★★★
🇺🇸 /lˈʌntʃ/
🇬🇧 /lʌnʃ/
lunch主要指通常在中午吃的便餐,也可指午餐时间的休息;作动词时表示吃午餐或请某人吃午餐。
💡 记忆钩子
把lunch想成“中午停下来,分一小块东西吃”:最常见的是一顿便餐,由此可引申为比赛中间的休息;在特定地区或社交场合,它也可泛指一顿小餐,较早时还可指一小块食物。作动词就是“去吃这顿餐”,或“请别人一起吃这顿餐”。
📝 学习建议
- 建议先掌握“午间便餐”这一核心义,再学习比赛休息和动词用法。
- 不要把lunch机械地理解成一天中最正式或最大的一餐;具体分量和重要性随文化与个人安排而变。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 午餐;便餐📖 通常在中午吃的一顿较轻的饭,尤其不是一天中最主要的一餐。它可以是家里简单吃的东西,也可以是在外面吃的一顿饭。💡 常用“have/eat lunch”“go out for lunch”和“what did you have for lunch?”等结构。通常说“have lunch”,不必加冠词;只有把它当作一次具体安排或活动时,才常说“a lunch”。countable uncountableI usually have lunch at noon.我通常在中午吃午餐。We went out for lunch after the meeting.会议结束后,我们出去吃了午餐。
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common 比赛中场休息📖 在板球等分阶段进行的比赛中,指第一阶段结束、第二阶段开始前的休息时间;重点不是吃饭,而是比赛暂时停下。💡 常见结构是“during lunch”或“at lunch”表示在这段比赛休息期间。这个义项主要出现在板球等体育报道和比赛说明中,日常谈普通午餐时不要这样理解。具体休息是否包含吃饭,要看比赛安排。countable uncountableThe players left the field for lunch.球员们离开场地,进入午间休息。
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common 聚会上的小餐📖 在部分美国地区,尤其是特定地方用法中,指社交活动后或活动期间为大家准备的一顿小餐,不一定正好在中午吃。💡 常见结构是“a lunch for someone”或“a lunch after an event”,强调为一群人安排的餐食。这个用法带有地域色彩,通常见于美国部分地区;在一般英语中,听到“lunch”仍首先理解为午餐。不要把它当作所有英语地区都自然的普通说法。US countable uncountableThe family organized a lunch for everyone after the service.仪式结束后,这家人为大家安排了一顿小餐。
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rare 一小块食物📖 较早且现已过时的用法,指面包、肉等食物的一小块,和“分出一小块来吃”的核心意象有关。💡 现代英语中不要用它表示普通的“一块食物”,因为这种用法已属过时。阅读历史材料时可根据上下文把它理解为一小块或一大块食物。countable obsolete uncountable
lunches
plural
verb
-
core 吃午餐📖 作不及物动词时,表示去吃或正在吃午餐;可以把名词所指的那顿饭直接变成“进行这项活动”。💡 常见结构是“lunch with someone”“lunch at/in a restaurant”和“lunch around noon”。这种动词用法比“have lunch”稍正式,在日常口语中后者更常见;不要把它误当成及物动词直接接食物名称。intransitiveWe lunched together at a small café.我们一起在一家小咖啡馆吃了午餐。She often lunches with her colleagues.她经常和同事一起吃午餐。
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common 请某人吃午餐📖 作及物动词时,表示把某人作为客人请来吃午餐,重点是请客或招待,而不只是自己一起吃饭。💡 常见结构是“lunch someone”或“lunch someone at/in a place”,宾语直接表示被请吃饭的人。这个用法比“take someone to lunch”或“treat someone to lunch”少见,也更偏正式;初学者不要把普通的“和某人吃午餐”都改成这个结构。transitiveOur manager lunched the visiting team at a nearby restaurant.我们的经理请来访团队在附近一家餐馆吃了午餐。
lunches
present,singular,third-person
lunching
participle,present
lunched
participle,past
lunched
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
take the midday meal
同义词集:
lunch
At what time are you lunching?
上位: eat
provide a midday meal for
同义词集:
lunch
She lunched us well
上位: feed, give
a midday meal
同义词集:
lunch
luncheon
tiffin
dejeuner
上位: meal, repast
🌳 词源
“午餐”义可能是luncheon的缩略形式;“一小块食物”义更早出现。词源尚有争议,可能与表示“一块”的词或中古英语词有关。
Recorded since 1580 in the sense “piece, hunk”. The word luncheon with the same meaning is presumably an extension on the pattern of puncheon (“cask”) and truncheon (“cudgel”). But earliest found forms of luncheon include lunshin and lunching, which are equivalent to lunch + -ing, with the suffix -ing possibly later modified to imitate a French origin.
In contrast, the more common sense “light meal” is first attested for luncheon in 1652 and for lunch in 1829, so in this sense the latter is probably a shortening of the former.
Lunch is possibly a derivative of lump (as hunch is from hump. See hunch for more), or represents an alteration of nuncheon, from Middle English nonechenche (“light midday meal”) (see nuncheon) and altered by northern English dialect lunch (“hunk of bread or cheese”) (1590), which perhaps is from lump or from Spanish lonja (“a slice”, literally “loin”).
🔄 变式
lunched
past
lunches
plural
lunching
present
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