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liquidate
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🇺🇸 /lˈɪkwɪdˌeɪt/
🇬🇧 /ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt/
liquidate 主要表示把资产变成现金、清偿债务,或结束企业经营并清算资产;也可指彻底消灭某人或某事。
💡 记忆钩子
把东西“变成流动的现金”,就能拿来还清债务,最后把企业的账目和资产一并收拾干净、结束经营;引申到暴力语境时,则是把某人或某事彻底“清除”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握商业和金融用法,再记“消灭、清除”的引申义;不要把它只理解成普通的“清算”或只理解成“杀死”。
- 它和 liquid(液体的)有关,但现代常用义通常不是真的把物质变成液体。
📖 中文释义
adj
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rare 金额已确定的📖 指一笔钱的数额已经查明、确定下来;这是古旧的法律用法。💡 通常作前置定语,修饰债务、金额或罚金等法律名词。该义带有过时和法律文书色彩,现代写作中应改用表示“确定金额”的普通表达。archaic not-comparable obsolete rare
verb
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rare 使变成液体📖 指把某种物质变成液体,是古旧且罕见的字面义,可看作“使其流动起来”。💡 通常使用“liquidate + 物质”的及物结构。现代英语一般不用它表达这个意思,宜使用表示“液化”的常用词。archaic rare transitive
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rare 使声音柔和📖 比喻把刺耳或生硬的声音变得不那么 harsh,使其听起来更柔和;这是少见的比喻义。💡 通常使用“liquidate + 声音”的结构,常见于文学或评论性文字。不要把这个义误当成普通的“调低音量”,它强调的是音质变柔和。figuratively transitive
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rare 挥霍掉资产📖 指把钱或其他资产毫无节制地花掉,仿佛把原本积存的东西耗散成空。💡 通常使用“liquidate + money/assets”等结构。这个义较旧,现代英语中更常用表示“挥霍”的普通动词;不要与商业上的“变现”混淆。figuratively transitive
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common 杀死或彻底清除📖 指以暴力杀死某人,尤其带有政治或意识形态目的;也可指彻底废除、消灭某项制度、组织或问题。它仍保留了“把目标彻底处理掉”的核心感觉。💡 常见结构是“liquidate + 人”或“liquidate + 组织、制度、问题”。指杀人时语气强烈,常见于政治、犯罪或新闻语境;指事物时可译为“清除、废除”,但不要在普通场合随意用来表示一般的“解决”。figuratively informal transitiveThe regime tried to liquidate its political opponents.该政权试图清除自己的政治对手。
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core 把资产变现📖 指把资产卖掉或兑换成现金,好让这些资产能够用于还债、分配或其他财务安排。💡 常用结构是“liquidate + assets/investments”,也常与“by selling”连用。这个义属于正式的商业和金融用语;它强调变成现金,不只是泛泛地“处理资产”。figuratively transitiveThe company had to liquidate some of its assets to raise cash.这家公司不得不变卖部分资产来筹集现金。She liquidated her investments before moving abroad.她在移居国外前把投资变现了。
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core 还清债务📖 指支付尚未偿还的全部金额,把一笔债务彻底结清;这就是把财务上的“未决部分”收拾干净。💡 常用结构是“liquidate a debt/loan”,也可接“liabilities”。它通常暗示一次性或最终完成清偿,不要把它简单理解成任何一次普通付款。figuratively transitiveThe sale of the property helped liquidate the company's debt.出售这处房产帮助公司还清了债务。
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core 清算并结束企业📖 指企业停止经营,清点债务和资产、用资产偿债,并在有剩余时分配剩余财产;也就是把企业的全部财务关系收尾。💡 常用结构是“liquidate a company/business/partnership”。这是正式的商业、法律用语,通常意味着企业将停止运营;不要只译成“清理公司”,因为它包含资产处置和债务结算。figuratively transitiveThe owners decided to liquidate the business after years of losses.多年亏损后,业主决定清算这家企业。The court ordered the firm to be liquidated.法院下令对这家公司进行清算。
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rare 使清楚明白📖 指把混乱的事情解释清楚,使其变得明白易懂;这是过时的比喻义。💡 通常使用“liquidate + confusion/problem”等结构。现代英语几乎不用它表达“澄清”,不要与商业上的“清算”义混用。obsolete transitive
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common 企业进入清算📖 指企业自行停止经营并进入财务清算程序;与及物义的区别是,主语通常就是将要结束的企业。💡 常用结构是“a company/business liquidates”或“goes into liquidation”。该不及物用法偏正式,表示企业结束经营,不是说企业把某项资产单独变现。intransitiveThe small retailer may liquidate if sales do not improve.如果销售额没有改善,这家小零售商可能会进入清算程序。
liquidates
present,singular,third-person
liquidating
participle,present
liquidated
participle,past
liquidated
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
get rid of (someone who may be a threat) by killing;
同义词集:
neutralize
neutralise
liquidate
waste
knock off
do in
The mafia liquidated the informer
the double agent was neutralized
上位: kill
settle the affairs of by determining the debts and applying the assets to pay them off
同义词集:
liquidate
liquidate a company
上位: settle
convert into cash
同义词集:
liquidate
I had to liquidate my holdings to pay off my ex-husband
上位: cash, cash in
eliminate by paying off (debts)
同义词集:
liquidate
pay off
上位: ante up, pay, pay up
下位: lift
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,核心意象与“液体、使清楚”有关;商业义受法语和意大利语影响,“消灭”义则受俄语影响。
Learned borrowing from Late Latin liquidātus (“liquid; clear”, adjective) + English -ate (suffix forming verbs, and forming adjectives with the sense ‘characterized by [the specified things]’). Liquidātus is the perfect passive participle of liquidō (“to turn into a liquid, melt; to make clear”), from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid; clear, transparent”) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs); while liquidus is from liqueō (“to be fluid or liquid; to be clear or transparent”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (“to make wet; moist”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’ forming adjectives). By surface analysis, liquid (adjective) + -ate.
Verb sense 1.2.3 (“to kill; to abolish or eliminate”) is a semantic loan from Russian ликвиди́ровать (likvidírovatʹ); while verb sense 1.2.4 and verb sense 2 (business-related senses) were influenced by French liquider and Italian liquidare, all ultimately from Latin liquidus (see above).
🔄 变式
liquidated
past
liquidates
present
liquidating
present
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