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leave
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /lˈiv/
leave 的核心是“让某人或某物留在原处或处于某种状态”，因此可表示离开、留下、剩下、遗留，也可表示准许；名词还常指休假、许可或离开。
💡 记忆钩子
想象你把东西放在桌上，自己转身走开：你“离开”了，也把东西“留下”了；留下的东西可以是结果、痕迹或遗产。由“让它留着”还延伸出“准许”，而名词 leave 则是“获准离开的一段时间”或“离开这件事”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词的两条主线：“离开某处”和“把某物留下”，再学习“准许”以及名词“休假”。
- 不要把 leave 一律理解成“离开”；在 leave me a message、leave the door open 等结构中，它强调留下某物或使某物保持某种状态。
- leave 和 let 都能表示“允许”，但 leave 更常见的基本义是“离开／留下”，表示允许的用法相对正式或固定。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 击球时不击球📖 在板球中，击球手判断不去击打来球，这个动作叫 leave；也就是让球自己过去。💡 常用结构是 make a leave 或 record a leave，后面可说明击球手在一局中的次数。这是板球术语，普通对话中不能用它泛指“忽略某事”。
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rare 击球后留下的球局📖 在台球等球类游戏中，一杆之后球仍然形成的局面叫 leave；这个局面会决定下一位击球者好不好继续进攻。💡 通常用 a good leave、a bad leave 或 the leave after a shot 来描述局面。这是专业游戏用语，不要和表示“离开”的普通动词义混淆。
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rare 回合后留下的牌📖 在拼字游戏中，玩家完成一回合后牌架上还剩下的字母牌叫 leave；剩下的组合好不好会影响下一回合。💡 常见结构是 a good leave 或 a useful leave，强调剩余字母组合的价值。这是拼字游戏术语，不能自然地用于一般物品的剩余部分。
leaves
plural
noun
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core 休假📖 leave 可以指得到允许、暂时不工作的一段时间，也就是休假；它把“离开工作岗位”看成一种正式安排。💡 常用结构是 take leave、be on leave、take three weeks' leave；表示休假时间时既可作不可数名词，也可在具体安排中作可数用法。不要直接说 have a leave 来表示普通休假，通常说 be on leave 或 take leave。countable uncountableI'm taking two weeks' leave in July.我七月份要休两周假。She is on sick leave this week.她这周在休病假。
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common 许可📖 leave 也表示得到某人允许去做某事，核心仍是“让某事可以继续发生”。💡 常见正式结构是 ask for leave to do something 或 give someone leave to do something。这个义项带有正式、法律或旧式色彩；现代日常会话通常用 permission 或 allow。countable dated uncountableThe judge gave her leave to appeal the decision.法官准许她对这一决定提出上诉。
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rare 离别📖 在较正式或旧式的表达中，leave 可以指离开或告别这件事。💡 主要出现在 take one's leave of someone 这一固定结构中，后面接告别的对象。现代日常英语通常直接说 say goodbye 或 leave。countable dated uncountable
leaves
plural
verb
-
core 留下某物或造成遗留结果📖 leave 可以表示不带走某物，把它留在某处；也可以表示某个行为之后留下结果、痕迹或影响。核心画面是“人走了，但某物或结果还在那里”。💡 常用结构是 leave something somewhere、leave something behind 或 leave a mark/result。地点通常放在宾语后面；不要把 leave behind 误解成只表示“落后”，它也常表示“遗留、不带走”。transitiveI left my keys on the kitchen table.我把钥匙落在厨房桌上了。The storm left several streets under water.暴风雨过后，有几条街道还泡在水里。
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common 使保持某种状态📖 leave 后面接形容词、分词或其他状态补语时，表示让某人或某物继续处于那种状态，例如让门开着或让人感到震惊。💡 常见结构是 leave someone/something + 形容词或分词。它强调造成并保留结果，不等于单纯的 be；中文使用者容易漏掉 leave 后面的状态补语。copulative intransitive transitivePlease leave the window open.请让窗户开着。
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core 离开某人或某处📖 leave 表示从某个地方、某个人身边或某种关系中离开，重点是“从这里走开”。💡 常用结构是 leave a place、leave someone、leave for a place；若说明目的地，通常用 leave for，而不是在 leave 后直接接目的地。leave someone 还可表示结束与某人的相处或关系，具体含义看语境。transitiveWe left the office at six.我们六点离开了办公室。He left his family to find work abroad.他离开家人，到国外找工作去了。
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common 去世📖 在委婉说法中，leave someone 或 leave us 可以表示某人去世，意思是这个人永远离开了身边的人。💡 常见于 leave us、leave this world 等委婉表达，语气比直接说 die 更含蓄。通常需要上下文才能判断是普通离开还是去世，不要脱离语境机械翻译。euphemistic transitiveHer grandfather left us peacefully last night.她的祖父昨晚安详地离开了人世。
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core 离开📖 不及物使用时，leave 就是从当前位置出发或走开，常常不说明离开谁或什么地方。💡 常见结构是 leave now、leave early、leave for somewhere。它本身已经表示“离开”，后面不必再加 away；表示出发时间时可直接说 leave at six。intransitiveWe should leave before it gets dark.我们应该在天黑前出发。The train leaves at eight.火车八点开。
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common 遗留给某人📖 leave 可以表示去世或离开后把财产、物品或某种安排交给某人，也就是“留下给他”。💡 常见结构是 leave someone something 或 leave something to someone；遗嘱语境中常用 leave something to someone。不要把这种结构只理解为把物品暂时放在那里。transitiveMy aunt left me her old piano.我姨妈把她的旧钢琴留给了我。
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rare 停留、留下📖 这是 leave 的古旧义，表示自己留在原处不走，正好是“让自己留下”这一核心画面的另一面。💡 现代英语中几乎不这样用，通常改用 stay、remain 或 be left。学习时只需能在古典或历史文本中认出它。intransitive obsolete
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rare 停止做某事📖 古旧用法中，leave off 表示停止某个动作，即把正在做的事留下不再继续。💡 现代英语仍能见到 leave off，常接名词或动名词，但语气较旧，日常更常用 stop doing something。不要把它和 leave alone 混淆，后者表示别打扰或不处理。archaic transitive
leaves
present,singular,third-person
leaving
participle,present
left
participle,past
left
past
leave
first-person,present,singular
left
first-person,past,singular
leave
present,second-person,singular
leavest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
left
past,second-person,singular
leftest
archaic,past,second-person,singular
leaveth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
left
past,singular,third-person
leave
plural,present
left
past,plural
leave
present,subjunctive
left
past,subjunctive
leave
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
verb
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common 准许📖 这里的 leave 表示让某人获得行动自由或许可，和“让某事可以发生”的核心概念相连。💡 常见于 leave someone to do something、leave someone free to do something 等结构，语气通常比 let 正式。若只是日常请求许可，优先使用 let 或 allow，以免显得生硬或产生歧义。transitiveThe manager left the team free to choose its own design.经理允许团队自行选择设计方案。
leaves
present,singular,third-person
leaving
participle,present
leaved
participle,past
leaved
past
left
participle,past
left
past
verb
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rare 长叶📖 罕见地，leave 可以表示植物长出叶子；画面是植物让叶片从枝条上留下、展开。💡 主要见于文学或古旧文本，通常不用于日常说明植物生长。现代表达更自然的是 grow leaves 或 put out leaves。intransitive rare
leaves
present,singular,third-person
leaving
participle,present
leaved
participle,past
leaved
past
verb
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rare 征收、征集📖 古旧用法中，leave 可以表示把税款或人员征集起来，相当于“征收、征募”。💡 多见于历史或古典文本，现代英语中应使用 levy 或 raise。它与最常见的“离开、留下”没有可供初学者直接套用的现代句型。obsolete
leaves
present,singular,third-person
leaving
participle,present
leaved
participle,past
leaved
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 17 组
the act of departing politely; ;
同义词集:
farewell
leave
leave-taking
parting
he disliked long farewells
he took his leave
parting is such sweet sorrow
上位: departure, going, going away, leaving
leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking; ;
同义词集:
leave
leave alone
leave behind
let alone
leave it as is
leave the young fawn alone
leave the flowers that you see in the park behind
上位: forbear, refrain
下位: let
be survived by after one's death;
同义词集:
leave
leave behind
He left six children
At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
下位: widow
leave behind unintentionally;
同义词集:
forget
leave
I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant
I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors
上位: lose
go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness; ; ;
同义词集:
leave
She left a mess when she moved out
His good luck finally left him
her husband left her after 20 years of marriage
she wept thinking she had been left behind
下位: abandon, desert, desolate, forsake
go away from a place; ;
同义词集:
leave
go forth
go away
At what time does your train leave?
She didn't leave until midnight
The ship leaves at midnight
反义: arrive, come, get
下位: abandon, beetle off, bolt, bolt out, break away, bugger off, bunk, buzz off, decamp, depart, desert, empty, escape, fly the coop, fuck off, get, head for the hills, hightail it, lam, linger, part, quit, run, run away, run off, run out, scarper, scat, scram, set forth, set off, set out, skip, start, start out, take leave, take off, take to the woods, tarry, turn tail, vacate, vamoose
move out of or depart from;
同义词集:
exit
go out
get out
leave
leave the room
the fugitive has left the country
反义: come in, enter, get in, get into, go in, go into, move into
上位: move
下位: depart, eject, go, go away
leave or give by will after one's death;
同义词集:
bequeath
will
leave
My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry
My grandfather left me his entire estate
上位: gift, give, present
下位: devise, entail, fee-tail, remember
transmit (knowledge or skills); ;
同义词集:
impart
leave
give
pass on
give a secret to the Russians
leave your name and address here
impart a new skill to the students
上位: tell
下位: convey
put into the care or protection of someone;
同义词集:
entrust
leave
He left the decision to his deputy
leave your child in the nurse's care
上位: give, hand, pass, pass on, reach, turn over
remove oneself from an association with or participation in; ; ; ;
同义词集:
leave
depart
pull up stakes
She wants to leave
The teenager left home
She left her position with the Red Cross
He left the Senate after two terms
after 20 years with the same company, she pulled up stakes
上位: change
下位: leave office, quit, resign, step down
produce as a result or residue;
同义词集:
leave
result
lead
The water left a mark on the silk dress
Her blood left a stain on the napkin
上位: bring about, give rise, produce
下位: lead
make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain; ; ; ;
同义词集:
leave
allow for
allow
provide
This leaves no room for improvement
The evidence allows only one conclusion
allow for mistakes
leave lots of time for the trip
This procedure provides for lots of leeway
上位: afford, give, yield
act or be so as to become in a specified state;
同义词集:
leave
The inflation left them penniless
The president's remarks left us speechless
上位: get, make
have left or have as a remainder;
同义词集:
leave
That left the four of us
19 minus 8 leaves 11
上位: have
permission to do something
同义词集:
leave
she was granted leave to speak
上位: permission
the period of time during which you are absent from work or duty
同义词集:
leave
leave of absence
a ten day's leave to visit his mother
下位: furlough, liberty, pass, sabbatical, sabbatical leave, shore leave
🌳 词源
主要来自古英语中表示“离开、让留下”的词；名词“许可”以及动词“允许”另有相关词源。表示“长叶”和“征税”的义项来自其他来源。
From Middle English leven, from Old English lǣfan (“to leave”), from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan, from Proto-Germanic *laibijaną (“to let stay, leave”), causative of *lībaną (“to stay, remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick; fat”).
Cognate with Old Frisian lēva (“to leave”), dialectal Dutch loven (“to have left over, save, keep”), Old Saxon lēvian, Old High German leiban (“to leave”), Old Norse leifa (“to leave over”) (whence Icelandic leifa (“to leave food uneaten”), Swedish leva (“to leave”)), lifna (“to be left”) (whence Danish levne). More at lave, belive.
The noun is attested since the 19th century, with earliest references to billiards.
🔄 变式
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imperat
leaved
past
leaves
plural
leavest
archaic
leaveth
archaic
leaving
present
left
1st_sg
leftest
archaic
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