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know

★★★

🇺🇸 /nˈoʊ/ 🇬🇧 /nəʊ/

noun 编号: K00539 牛津3000 BNC #49 COCA #47

know 的核心意思是“知道、了解”，也可表示认识某人、熟悉某物、懂得怎么做，以及辨认或经历某种事情；作名词时主要出现在固定短语中。

💡 记忆钩子

把 know 想成“脑中已经认出并掌握了一件事”：先是知道事实，进一步是了解它、会做它；对象换成人就是认识，换成脸或声音就是认出，换成生活经历就是亲身体验。

📝 学习建议

先掌握动词的几个高频框架：知道事实、认识人、懂得怎么做、认出某物。不要把所有“知道”都机械地译成 know，要根据对象区分事实、人物、技能和辨认。
know 的过去式和过去分词都是 knew 和 known；表达“已经知道”时常见结构是 have known，而不是把 know 当作普通规则动词变化。
不要把 know 和 learn 混为一谈：know 强调已经处于知道或掌握的状态，learn 强调获得知识的过程。

📖 中文释义

noun

rare 知识；知情状态

📖 表示“知道这件事的状态”或“已有的知识”，是动词 know 名词化后的古旧用法，现代英语中很少单独出现。

rare uncountable
common 内部消息；知情

📖 主要出现在固定短语中，表示掌握某个圈子里的内部信息，也就是“在知情人士之列”。

💡 最常用的结构是 be in the know，后面通常不再接具体宾语。它多用于非正式语境，强调知道别人未必知道的内部情况；不要把它理解成普通的“知道某件事”。

uncountable

Only a few employees were in the know about the merger.

只有少数员工知道这次合并的内部情况。

verb

core 确定；知道事实

📖 表示心里已经确认某件事是真的，或对事实有把握；这是 know 最基本、最常见的用法。

💡 常见结构是 know + 名词、know + that 从句，或 know + 疑问词从句。否定式表示“不知道”，不是表示“不相信”；若强调“查明、得知”的过程，通常用 find out。

transitive

I know that she is telling the truth.

我知道她说的是真话。

Do you know where the station is?

你知道车站在哪里吗？
core 得知；意识到

📖 表示从不知道到知道，或意识到某件事；在叙述过去情况时常用 knew 表示“当时得知或意识到”。

💡 常见结构是 know + 疑问词从句，也可单独用作回答，如 I knew。不要把它误解为只表示长期掌握的知识；具体语境中它也能表示某一刻意识到事实。

intransitive

I knew something was wrong when he stopped answering.

他不再回复时，我就意识到出了问题。
core 意识到；知道

📖 强调某人对某个事实或情况有所意识，和“知道某件事”相近，但宾语通常是具体的信息或情况。

💡 常见结构是 know + 名词或 know + that 从句。它可用于提问、陈述和否定；不要在这里为了表达“听说”而随意使用 know，听说但未确认时可用 hear。

transitive

I didn't know you had moved to another city.

我不知道你已经搬到另一座城市了。
rare 彼此认识

📖 表示人与人之间相识，是 know 表示“认识”的古旧或过时用法；现代英语通常会说 know each other。

💡 现代英语中不要单独用 know 表示“彼此认识”。表达这个意思时通常使用 know each other，或直接说 know someone；该单独用法主要出现在古旧文本中。

intransitive obsolete
common 认识；熟悉

📖 表示曾经接触过某个人，或对某个地方、事物有熟悉感；重点不是知道一条事实，而是脑中已经有这个对象的认识。

💡 常见结构是 know + 人、地点或事物，表示认识或熟悉；不能用 know 表示“第一次见到”，第一次遇见要用 meet。know someone 不一定表示关系亲密，只表示认识这个人。

transitive

I know your brother, but I've never met your parents.

我认识你哥哥，但从没见过你的父母。
rare 与某人发生性关系

📖 这是古旧或宗教文本中的委婉说法，用“认识”借指发生性关系；现代日常英语中几乎不这样使用。

💡 不要在普通对话中用 know 表达这个意思，否则听者通常只会理解为“认识”。它主要限于圣经翻译、古典文学或仿古语境。

archaic euphemistic transitive
common 经历；体验

📖 表示亲身经历过某种处境或感受，好像把它“认识”了一遍；可以用于顺境、困难、变化等经历。

💡 常见结构是 know + 名词，名词通常是某种经历、状态或感受。这个用法比 experience 更有文学色彩，但仍可见于普通叙述；不要把它理解成单纯“知道有这件事”。

transitive

She has known both success and failure.

她既经历过成功，也经历过失败。
core 懂得；会

📖 表示通过学习或经验掌握了某种方法或原理，尤其常译为“知道怎么做”或“会做”。

💡 最常见结构是 know how to do something，也可用 know how something works。know 后面接动词时通常需要 how、what、where 等疑问词，不要直接说 know do something。

He knows how to fix the printer.

他会修这台打印机。

Do you know how this app works?

你知道这个应用是怎么运行的吗？
common 辨认；分辨

📖 表示凭借已有的认识把某人或某物认出来，或分辨出它的性质；这是“脑中已有印象”的延伸。

💡 常见结构是 know + 人或物，表示从外表、特征等认出或分辨。辨认某人的脸、声音等可直接接在 know 后面；不要把它和 recognize 完全等同，know 还可能含有更广的熟悉意味。

transitive

I would know her voice anywhere.

无论在哪里，我都能认出她的声音。
common 再次认出

📖 表示某人或某物经过一段时间或发生变化后，仍被认作以前见过的对象；重点是重新建立同一性。

💡 常见结构是 know + 人或物，语境通常会暗示距离、时间或外表变化。日常英语中 recognize 往往更直接地表示“认出”，know 这一用法带有较强的熟悉感。

transitive

After ten years, I hardly knew the old neighborhood.

十年后，我几乎认不出那片旧街区了。
common 知情；有信息

📖 不带具体宾语时，表示某人是否掌握相关信息，常用于说明“知道”或“不知道”某件未明说的事。

💡 常见于否定句、疑问句和固定回答，如 I don't know、Who knows?。如果需要说明知道的内容，通常补充 that 从句、疑问词从句或具体名词；不要把 I know 单独理解成“我会”。

intransitive

I don't know, but I'll check the schedule.

我不知道，不过我会查一下时间表。
common 会演奏或唱某首曲子

📖 表示已经熟悉某首歌或乐曲，能够演唱、演奏或完成它；这里强调掌握这段作品，而不是只听过它。

💡 常见结构是 know + 歌曲或乐曲名称，也可以说 know how to play or sing it。只知道歌曲的存在不能用这个意思，最好根据上下文明确是“会唱”还是“会演奏”。

transitive

Do you know this song?

你会唱这首歌吗？
rare 数据库中有记录

📖 在系统或数据库语境中，表示某个名称或对象已经被系统收录并有相关信息；可以看作“系统知道它”。

💡 这个用法主要出现在软件提示、搜索系统或技术说明中。常见结构是 a system knows a name or item；日常谈话中通常改说 have a record of 或 recognize。

transitive
rare 持有被论证的知识判断

📖 哲学语境中，表示在特定知识定义下持有一个有充分理由支持且为真的信念；它是普通“知道”概念的专业化用法。

💡 该用法限于哲学或知识论讨论，常与 belief、truth、justification 等概念一起出现。普通交流中不需要使用这一层专业含义，也不要把它误当作一般的“相信”。

transitive

knows present,singular,third-person knowing participle,present knew past knowed nonstandard,past known participle,past knew colloquial,nonstandard,participle,past know first-person,present,singular knew first-person,past,singular know present,second-person,singular knowest archaic,present,second-person,singular knew past,second-person,singular knewest archaic,past,second-person,singular knoweth archaic,present,singular,third-person knew past,singular,third-person know plural,present knew past,plural know present,subjunctive knew past,subjunctive know imperative,present - imperative,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 12 组

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority;

同义词集: acknowledge recognize recognise know

The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne

We do not recognize your gods

上位: accept

be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object; ; ; ;

同义词集: know

She doesn't know this composer

Do you know my sister?

We know this movie

I know him under a different name

This flower is known as a Peruvian Lily

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about; ;

同义词集: know cognize cognise

I know that the President lied to the people

I want to know who is winning the game!

I know it's time

反义: ignore 下位: agnise, agnize, realise, realize, recognise, recognize

be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt;

同义词集: know

I know that I left the key on the table

Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun

下位: anticipate, foreknow, foresee, previse

know how to do or perform something;

同义词集: know

She knows how to knit

Does your husband know how to cook?

下位: control, get the hang, master

have fixed in the mind; ;

同义词集: know

I know Latin

This student knows her irregular verbs

Do you know the poem well enough to recite it?

have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations; ; ; ;

同义词集: know experience live

I know the feeling!

have you ever known hunger?

I have lived a kind of hell when I was a drug addict

The holocaust survivors have lived a nightmare

I lived through two divorces

上位: experience, go through, see 下位: live over, relive, taste

perceive as familiar

同义词集: know

I know this voice!

上位: call back, call up, recall, recollect, remember, retrieve, think

be able to distinguish, recognize as being different

同义词集: know

The child knows right from wrong

上位: differentiate, distinguish, secern, secernate, separate, severalise, severalize, tell, tell apart

know the nature or character of

同义词集: know

we all knew her as a big show-off

上位: agnise, agnize, realise, realize, recognise, recognize

have sexual intercourse with; ;

同义词集: sleep together roll in the hay love make out make love sleep with get laid have sex know do it be intimate have intercourse have it away have it off screw fuck jazz eff hump lie with bed have a go at it bang get it on bonk

This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm

Adam knew Eve

Were you ever intimate with this man?

上位: copulate, couple, mate, pair 下位: have, take

the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

同义词集: know

he is always in the know

上位: knowing

🌳 词源

源自古英语 cnāwan，核心含义一直与“知道、辨认、认识”有关；它与拉丁语 cognoscere 以及现代法语 connaître、西班牙语 conocer 等词同源。

From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan (“to know, perceive, recognise”), from Proto-West Germanic *knāan, from Proto-Germanic *knēaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognates * from Proto-Germanic: Scots knaw (“to know, recognise”), Icelandic knega (“to know, know how to, be able”), Old High German knājan (“to know, recognise”), Old Norse kná (“to know how”). Remotely related also Dutch and German kennen, West Frisian kenne (see English ken). * from Indo-European: Latin gnoscō, Latin cognoscō (Spanish conocer, French connaître, Romanian cunoaște, Italian conoscere, Portuguese conhecer), Ancient Greek γνωρίζω (gnōrízō, “to know”) and γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”), Albanian njoh (“to know, recognise”), Russian знать (znatʹ, “to know”), Lithuanian žinoti (“to know”), Persian شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know”) and Hindi जानना (jānnā, “to know, understand”).

🔄 变式

- imperat knew 1st_sg knewest archaic knowed past knowest archaic knoweth archaic knowing present known past knows present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根