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just
★
🇺🇸 /dʒˈʌst/
🇬🇧 /d͡ʒʌst/
just 的核心意思是“正当、恰当”,既可以形容事实或行为正确、公平,也常作副词表示“只是、刚刚、正好”等。它还保留一个较少见的古词义,指骑士比武或参加比武。
💡 记忆钩子
把 just 想成一把把事情放到“正确位置”的尺子:放得公平,就是“正当、公正”;分量恰到好处,就是“恰当、正好”;范围缩到最小,就是“只是”;时间卡在刚刚那个点,就是“刚刚”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握形容词的“公正、合理”和副词的“只是、刚刚、正好”,再记其他语气用法。
- just 不总是“正义的”;在“只是、刚刚、正好”等副词用法中,不能按形容词理解。
📖 中文释义
adj
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common 事实正确📖 表示对事实的判断准确、符合实际,而不是凭空猜测或歪曲事实。💡 常用搭配是“a just assessment/judgment of + 名词”,表示对某事的准确评价。这个意思较正式,日常口语中常用表示“准确、正确”的普通词来替代;不要误解为一定涉及道德公平。The report gives a just assessment of the facts.这份报告准确地评估了事实。
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common 合理正确📖 表示一个观点、判断或结论在逻辑上是合理的,能够经得起推理。💡 常放在表示观点、理由或判断的名词前,如“a just argument”或“a just conclusion”。它强调推理合理,不一定表示结果公平;在普通对话中使用时语气通常比“right”正式。Her criticism was just and carefully reasoned.她的批评是合理的,而且经过了周密思考。
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core 公正正当📖 表示在道德、法律或利益分配上公平正当,既不偏袒,也不亏待应得的人。💡 常见结构是“a just decision/solution/cause”,也可说“a just society”。它常用于正式讨论法律、权利和公平;不要把它误解为只表示“严格”,重点是符合正义或公平原则。Everyone deserves a just and peaceful society.每个人都应享有一个公正而和平的社会。The judge made a just decision.法官作出了公正的决定。
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common 恰当够用📖 表示某件事在特定需要下合适、足够,达到了应有的标准。💡 常用在“a just amount/measure/price”等搭配中,后面接表示数量、程度或待遇的名词。这个意思比较正式,也可能带有“恰到好处”的意味;不要把它和“just enough”混为一谈,后者明确强调“刚好足够”。The workers received a just share of the profits.工人们得到了应得的那份利润。
juster
comparative
more just
comparative
justest
superlative
most just
superlative
adv
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core 只是;仅仅📖 表示范围很小或没有更多内容,相当于“只是、仅仅”,把所说的事情限制在一个较窄的范围内。💡 常用结构是“just + 动词短语”或“just + 名词短语”,如“just ask”或“just a question”。它可以放在动词前,也可以放在名词前;不要把这里的 just 理解成“公正”。not-comparableI just need a few minutes to finish this.我只需要几分钟就能做完这件事。She just wanted to help.她只是想帮忙。
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common 请直接;只管📖 放在祈使句中可以减弱命令的生硬感,表示“只要这样做就行”,让建议听起来更直接但不那么正式。💡 常用模式是“Just + 动词原形”,如“Just follow me”。句首的 just 通常不是“仅仅”的字面限制,而是祈使语气的缓冲;不要在正式说明中随意添加,否则可能显得过于口语化。not-comparableJust follow the signs to the station.只要跟着指示牌走到车站就行。
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common 尽管做;赶紧📖 在祈使句中也可以加强命令,表示不要再犹豫或争辩,直接把事情做完。💡 常用模式仍是“Just + 动词原形”,但语气取决于上下文和说话人的态度。它在不耐烦或催促时可能相当强硬;不要只根据 just 判断语气,还要看标点、上下文和说话方式。not-comparableIf you have made up your mind, just do it.既然你已经决定了,那就直接去做吧。
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common 只是随口;不过📖 用于普通陈述中降低正式或严肃程度,表示说话者只是做了一件平常的小事,或只是想随便表达一下。💡 常见结构是“just + 过去式或一般现在时动词”,尤其用于“just called/just wanted to say”等口语表达。这里的 just 主要调节语气,不一定有严格的“仅仅”范围;在正式写作中可以删去或改用更明确的表达。not-comparableI just called to say hello.我只是打电话来问声好。
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common 非常;绝对📖 放在形容词或评价词前加强程度,表示“非常、实在是”,带有明显的赞叹或强调。💡 常用结构是“just + 形容词”,如“just wonderful”。这种用法多见于口语和感叹式表达,常带有强烈语气;不要把它和“非常”一样随意用于所有中性形容词。not-comparableThe view from the hill is just splendid.从山上看到的景色实在是太棒了。
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core 刚刚📖 表示动作在不久前发生,时间上离现在非常近,相当于“刚刚、才”。💡 常用结构是“主语 + just + 过去式”,也常见于“have just + 过去分词”。它强调时间近,不是表示“只是”;在不同英语变体中,和一般过去时或现在完成时的搭配习惯可能略有不同。not-comparableThey have just left the office.他们刚刚离开办公室。I just saw your message.我刚刚看到你的消息。
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core 正好;恰恰📖 表示时间、数量、位置或状态完全吻合,达到准确的点,相当于“正好、恰恰、完全合适”。💡 常见结构是“just + 形容词/副词”,以及“just right”“just in time”等固定搭配。它强调精确吻合,不是单纯加强程度;翻译时要根据上下文选择“正好”还是“恰恰”。not-comparableThe jacket is just right for this weather.这件夹克正适合这样的天气。We arrived just in time for the show.我们到达时正好赶上演出。
intj
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rare 真烦;糟了📖 单独说 just 时,可表示对某件事感到懊恼或不满;这是很边缘的俚语用法,不能从常见副词义直接推断。💡 通常作为独立感叹或插入语使用,后面可接说明原因的句子。它高度依赖语境,且不如常见感叹词稳定;学习时先认识即可,不建议主动使用。slang
noun
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rare 骑士比武📖 指中世纪式的骑士比武或相关的比赛活动,和“把武器用于竞技”的古代场景有关。💡 多用于历史叙述中,常作可数名词或出现在复数形式中。它属于古旧词,现代对话和一般新闻中不应按普通名词使用。
justs
plural
verb
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rare 参加骑士比武📖 指骑士参加比武大会或与另一名骑士进行竞技性的武器对战,是名词“骑士比武”的动词形式。💡 多用于古旧文体,通常接表示对手或比赛场合的成分。现代英语中几乎不会这样使用 just;不要把它当作常见动词来造句。
justs
present,singular,third-person
justing
participle,present
justed
participle,past
justed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 12 组
only a very short time before; ; ; - W.B.Yeats
同义词集:
barely
hardly
just
scarcely
scarce
we hardly knew them
had scarcely rung the bell when the door flew open
would have scarce arrived before she would have found some excuse to leave
by a little; ; ; ;
同义词集:
barely
just
I only just caught the bus
he finished the marathon in just under 3 hours
it was barely 5 a.m.
the network has barely 5 percent of viewers
the batter just missed being hit
exactly at this moment or the moment described
同义词集:
just
we've just finished painting the walls, so don't touch them
and nothing more; ; ; ;
同义词集:
merely
simply
just
only
but
I was merely asking
it is simply a matter of time
just a scratch
he was only a child
hopes that last but a moment
only a moment ago;
同义词集:
just
just now
he has just arrived
the sun just now came out
indicating exactness or preciseness; ; ; ; --Thomas Carlyle
同义词集:
precisely
exactly
just
properly
he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do
it was just as he said--the jewel was gone
it has just enough salt
Properly speaking, all true work is religion.
(used for emphasis) absolutely; ;
同义词集:
just
simply
I just can't take it anymore
he was just grand as Romeo
it's simply beautiful!
possibly (indicating a slight chance of something being true)
同义词集:
just
it might just happen
free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules; ; ; ;
同义词集:
fair
just
a fair referee
fair deal
on a fair footing
a fair fight
by fair means or foul
反义: unfair, unjust
近似: antimonopoly, antitrust, clean, fair-minded, sporting, sportsmanlike, sporty
参见: impartial, reasonable, sensible
fair to all parties as dictated by reason and conscience;
同义词集:
equitable
just
equitable treatment of all citizens
an equitable distribution of gifts among the children
反义: inequitable, unjust
近似: fair, honest
参见: fair, impartial
used especially of what is legally or ethically right or proper or fitting; - A.Lincoln; ;
同义词集:
just
a just and lasting peace
a kind and just man
a just reward
his just inheritance
反义: unjust
近似: fitting, meet
参见: fair, honorable, honourable, right, righteous
of moral excellence; ;
同义词集:
good
just
upright
a genuinely good person
a just cause
an upright and respectable man
近似: righteous
🌳 词源
形容词、副词和感叹词来自中古英语和古法语,最终与拉丁语中表示“法律、权利”的词有关;名词和动词则是 joust 的变体,和骑士比武有关。
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-
Proto-Indo-European *-u
Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu
Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwos
Proto-Italic *jowos
Old Latin *iowos, *iowez-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Old Latin -tus
Old Latin iovestos
Latin iūstus
Old French justebor.
Middle English juste
English just
From Middle English juste, from Old French juste, from Latin iūstus (“just, lawful, rightful, true, due, proper, moderate”), from Proto-Italic *jowestos, related to Latin iūs (“law, right”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-. Compare Scots juist (“just”), Saterland Frisian juust (“just”), West Frisian just (“just”), Dutch juist (“just”), German Low German jüst (“jüst”), German just (“just”), Danish just (“just”), Swedish just (“just”). Doublet of giusto.
🔄 变式
justed
past
juster
compar
justest
superl
justing
present
justs
plural
more just
compar
most just
superl
🏷 单词标签 & 词根