judgment

judgment 是“判断”这一过程、能力或结果；在法律语境中还指法院的判决，在宗教语境中可指最终审判。

💡 记忆钩子

把 judgment 想成“在心里称量并作出判断”：称量的过程是判断，称量所需的能力是明辨力，称量后得出的结论是意见或决定；到了法庭，就是法官作出的判决，宗教里则进一步成为最终审判。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“判断能力”和“判断结果”这两个日常核心义，再学习法律和宗教义。
不要把 judgment 只理解成“批评”或“审判”；它常常只是对人或事情作出理性判断。
注意美式英语常写 judgment，英式英语也常见 judgement；两种拼法通常表示同一个词。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 判断过程

📖 指对情况、价值或可能结果进行衡量并作出判断的过程，也就是“在心里称量”的动作本身。

💡 常用“对……的判断”或“判断……的作用”这一类结构。这里的 judgment 强调评估和辨别的过程，不一定表示已经形成的最终意见；正式文章中比普通口语更常见。

countable uncountable

Good judgment of the risks helped the team avoid a costly mistake.

对风险的正确判断帮助团队避免了一次代价高昂的错误。
core 判断力

📖 指一个人正确、明智地判断和决定的能力；它像一把能把事情称量清楚的内在尺度。

💡 最常见的搭配是“有良好的判断力”或“缺乏判断力”，也常说“运用判断力”。通常指一种稳定的个人能力，而不是某一次具体决定；不要把它误解为单纯的知识或聪明。

countable uncountable

She showed good judgment by checking the figures before signing the contract.

她在签合同前核对了数字，表现出了良好的判断力。

The job requires patience and sound judgment.

这份工作需要耐心和可靠的判断力。
core 意见；判断结果

📖 指经过衡量后形成的看法、结论或决定，也就是“称量”之后得到的结果。

💡 常用“在某人看来”或“某人的判断是……”这一类结构；也可指对具体事情形成的一次判断。它比普通的“看法”更强调经过思考和评估，正式程度通常也略高。

countable uncountable

In my judgment, the proposal is practical but too expensive.

依我判断，这项提议很实际，但费用太高。

The committee reserved judgment until it had heard both sides.

委员会听取双方意见后才作出判断。
common 法院判决

📖 在法律语境中，指法院或法官依据法律作出的正式裁决，既可以指裁决这一行为，也可以指裁决本身。

💡 常见于“法院作出判决”“对某人作出判决”以及“根据判决”这类法律表达。这个义项属于正式法律用语，不能随意用来表示日常意见；谈普通看法时应使用前面的日常义。

countable uncountable

The court issued its judgment after reviewing the evidence.

法院审查证据后作出了判决。
rare 最终审判

📖 在宗教语境中，指上帝或神在世界末日对所有人作出的最终裁决，是“判断”概念扩展到终极审判的用法。

💡 通常出现在宗教、神学或文学语境中，常与“最终”或“最后”连用。日常谈论法院案件时不要使用这个义项，因为它带有明确的宗教色彩。

countable uncountable

judgments plural

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 7 组

the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event

同义词集: judgment judgement assessment

they criticized my judgment of the contestants

上位: act, deed, human action, human activity 下位: adjudication, disapproval, estimate, estimation, evaluation, justice, rating

(law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it

同义词集: judgment judgement judicial decision

下位: affirmation, arbitrament, arbitration, arbitrement, dismissal, finding, judgement of dismissal, judgment of dismissal, opinion, reversal, ruling

the capacity to assess situations or circumstances shrewdly and to draw sound conclusions

同义词集: judgment judgement sound judgment sound judgement perspicacity

上位: trait 下位: objectiveness, objectivity, subjectiveness, subjectivity

the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations

同义词集: sagacity sagaciousness judgment judgement discernment

上位: sapience, wisdom 下位: circumspection, common sense, discreetness, discretion, eye, good sense, gumption, horse sense, mother wit, prudence, sense

the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions

同义词集: judgment judgement judging

上位: deciding, decision making

an opinion formed by judging something;

同义词集: judgment judgement mind

he was reluctant to make his judgment known

she changed her mind

上位: opinion, persuasion, sentiment, thought, view 下位: conclusion, decision, determination

the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision

同义词集: opinion legal opinion judgment judgement

opinions are usually written by a single judge

上位: instrument, legal document, legal instrument, official document

🌳 词源

源自中古英语，借自古法语，最终来自拉丁语，原意与“判断、裁决”有关；后来部分取代了表示“审判”的古英语词。

From Middle English juggement, borrowed from Old French jugement, from Late Latin iūdicāmentum, from Latin iūdicō. Partially displaced doom. By surface analysis, judge + -ment.

🔄 变式

judgments plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根