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joke
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🇺🇸 /dʒˈoʊk/
🇬🇧 /ˈd͡ʒəʊ̯k/
joke 主要指“为了逗乐而说或做的事”,既可以是一个笑话,也可以表示开玩笑;在口语中还常引申为“荒唐、毫无价值或出乎意料地容易的事物”。
💡 记忆钩子
把 joke 想成一个“故意逗人笑的玩笑动作或话语”:它可以是讲出来的笑话,也可以是“不当真”的玩笑。这个核心再向外引申,就能表示某件事荒唐得像笑话、简单得像笑话,或反过来指出某种局面中真正可笑的关键所在。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“笑话”和动词“开玩笑”这两个核心义,再学习“荒唐、徒劳”以及“出乎意料地简单”等比喻义。
- 不要把 joke 只理解成“笑话”;在“我只是开玩笑”这类句子中,它表示说话并非当真。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 笑话📖 指一个为了逗人发笑而讲出的故事、说法或机智的话,通常有铺垫和笑点。💡 常用结构是 tell a joke、hear a joke 和 a funny joke。它通常是可数名词,说“一个笑话”要用 a joke;不要把 joke 和普通的 funny comment 一概混同,前者常有完整的逗乐意图。She told a funny joke at dinner.她在晚餐时讲了一个有趣的笑话。I know a joke that will make you laugh.我知道一个能把你逗笑的笑话。
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core 玩笑;不是认真的话或事📖 指为了逗乐而说或做的事,并不打算让别人按字面或严肃的方式理解。💡 常见结构是 make a joke、play a joke on someone 和 It was a joke;说明自己并非当真时常说 I was only joking。joke 可能让别人开心,也可能让别人不舒服,所以不能自动理解为友善;对不熟的人开玩笑要注意语境。Don't be angry—I was only joking.别生气,我只是开个玩笑。He played a harmless joke on his brother.他和弟弟开了一个无伤大雅的玩笑。
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common 真正可笑的关键所在📖 用于比喻时,指某个局面中真正的根本问题或最出人意料的关键,常带有“事情的笑点原来在这里”的意味。💡 常见结构是 the joke is that...,用来引出一个出人意料的关键事实。这个用法多带讽刺或幽默色彩,不能机械地理解成“讲了一个笑话”。学习时注意它通常指局面的关键,而不是具体的人。figurativelyThe joke is that nobody noticed the door was open.可笑的关键在于,竟然没人注意到门是开着的。
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common 荒唐而无价值的人或事📖 形容某人或某事差劲、可笑,几乎不值得认真对待,像一个拙劣的笑话。💡 常见结构是 be a joke 或 make something into a joke。这个用法通常是强烈的批评,不适合随便对人使用;不要只译成“幽默”,因为说某人或某事 is a joke 往往是在贬低它。figurativelyAfter all those delays, the new service is a joke.拖了这么久以后,这项新服务简直荒唐可笑。
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common 容易得可笑📖 形容某件事比预想中容易得多,简单到几乎没有挑战,因此让人觉得可笑。💡 常见结构是 something was a joke,尤其用于考试、比赛、任务或问题。这里不是说真的有人讲笑话,而是在夸张地评价难度很低;语气可能是轻松,也可能是在抱怨任务太没有挑战。figurativelyThe first round was a joke, but the final was difficult.第一轮简单得可笑,但决赛很难。
jokes
plural
verb
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core 开玩笑;并非认真地说或做📖 指为了逗乐而说话或做事,所表达的内容不应被当成严肃的真实意思。💡 常见句型是 be joking、I’m just joking 和 I was joking about something。它通常是不及物动词,不能自然地说 joke something 来表示“拿某事开玩笑”;需要说明对象时,可用 joke about something。intransitiveI was joking when I said I would quit.我说要辞职时是在开玩笑。Are you joking, or do you really mean it?你是在开玩笑,还是确实是这个意思?
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common 和某人开玩笑;友善地捉弄📖 指为了逗乐而和某人打趣或捉弄对方,通常并无真正伤害对方的意图。💡 最常见的句型是 joke with someone,表示双方之间的打趣;joke about someone 或 something 则说明玩笑针对谁或什么。不要把 joke with 理解成严肃欺骗,是否友善要看语境和对方反应。intransitiveMy friends were joking with me about my old car.我的朋友们拿我的旧车和我开玩笑。
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rare 拿某人开玩笑📖 较旧的用法,指拿同伴打趣或对其开玩笑,意思仍来自把严肃的事变成逗乐的玩笑。💡 这种直接带人的用法较陈旧,现代英语通常用 joke with someone、joke about someone 或 make jokes about someone。阅读旧作品时可以识别它,但日常表达不宜优先模仿。dated transitive
jokes
present,singular,third-person
joking
participle,present
joked
participle,past
joked
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
act in a funny or teasing way
同义词集:
joke
jest
上位: act, behave, do
下位: antic, clown, clown around
a ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement
同义词集:
antic
joke
prank
trick
caper
put-on
上位: diversion, recreation
activity characterized by good humor
同义词集:
jest
joke
jocularity
上位: diversion, recreation
下位: leg-pull, leg-pulling
tell a joke; speak humorously
同义词集:
joke
jest
He often jokes even when he appears serious
上位: communicate, intercommunicate
下位: arse around, fool, fool around, gag, horse around, pun, quip
参见: blackguard, guy, jest at, laugh at, make fun, poke fun, rib, ridicule, roast
a triviality not to be taken seriously
同义词集:
joke
I regarded his campaign for mayor as a joke
a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter; ; ; ;
同义词集:
joke
gag
laugh
jest
jape
he told a very funny joke
he knows a million gags
thanks for the laugh
he laughed unpleasantly at his own jest
even a schoolboy's jape is supposed to have some ascertainable point
上位: humor, humour, wit, witticism, wittiness
下位: belly laugh, funny, funny remark, funny story, good story, howler, in-joke, one-liner, riot, scream, sidesplitter, thigh-slapper, wow
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 iocus,原指“玩笑、消遣”,后来发展出英语中的“笑话”和“开玩笑”等意思。
From Latin iocus (“joke, jest, pastime”), from Proto-Italic *jokos (“word, (playful?) saying”), from Proto-Indo-European *yokos (“word, utterance”), from ultimate root Proto-Indo-European *yek- (“to speak, utter”) (of which distant cognates include Proto-Celtic *yextis (“language”) (Breton yezh (“language”) and Welsh iaith (“language”)) and German Beichte (“confession”)). Cognate with French jeu, Italian gioco, Portuguese jogo, Spanish juego, Romanian joc, English Yule, Danish Jule, Norwegian Bokmål Jul, Swedish Jul, and Norwegian Nynorsk jol.
🔄 变式
joked
past
jokes
plural
joking
present
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