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jaw
★★
🇺🇸 /dʒˈɔ/
🇬🇧 /d͡ʒoː/
jaw主要指“下巴、颌骨”，也可指像嘴或颌部那样夹住、包围东西的部位；作动词时常表示责骂、喋喋不休地说话。
💡 记忆钩子
把“jaw”想成一张会开合的嘴：脸上的颌骨和下巴是它本来的位置；像嘴一样张开的地方就是“入口、缺口”，像牙齿一样合拢的部件就是“夹爪”；嘴巴不停动起来，就引申为责骂或闲聊。少数方言义仍和大量水流的“张口、冲涌”有关。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“颌骨、下巴”以及“夹住、包围”的比喻义，再学习口语动词义；球类和航海等专门义可放到后面。
- 不要把动词 jaw 只理解成“咀嚼”；日常英语中它更常表示责骂、喋喋不休地说，具体含义要看语境。
📖 中文释义
adj
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rare 固定词组中的“颌形的”📖 只见于少数固定词组，表示形状或构造像颌部的；单独使用并不常见。not-comparable
noun
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core 颌骨📖 指构成口腔框架、通常长着牙齿的上颌或下颌骨，是“嘴”这个核心形象的骨架。💡 常用“the upper/lower jaw”分别说明上颌或下颌，也可说“a broken jaw”表示颌骨骨折。它指骨骼结构，不只是外表看见的下巴；说外部脸部轮廓时应注意和 sense s2 区分。The dentist said that the bone in her lower jaw had healed well.牙医说她的下颌骨已经愈合得很好。He broke his jaw in a cycling accident.他在一次骑车事故中摔断了颌骨。
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core 下巴；嘴下方的脸部📖 指嘴下面、脸的下半部，偏向外表可见的部位，而不是内部的骨头。💡 常用“on the jaw”“hit somebody in the jaw”等结构描述位置或受击。不要把它和 chin 完全等同：jaw 更强调颌部及其轮廓，chin 更具体地指下巴尖端。She rested her chin on her hand and rubbed her aching jaw.她把下巴搁在手上，揉着疼痛的颌部。His jaw dropped when he saw the final bill.他看到最后的账单时惊得目瞪口呆。
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core 像嘴一样的入口或包围处📖 把动物张开的嘴这个形象移到别处，指两侧张开、仿佛要吞入或包围东西的入口、峡口或危险处，通常用复数。💡 常见模板是“the jaws of + 名词”，后面接峡口、黑暗、死亡等能包围或吞没人的事物。这个义项多用于比喻或文学性表达，不能随意替换所有表示“入口”的普通词。especially figuratively in-pluralThe narrow road disappeared into the jaws of the canyon.那条狭窄的道路消失在峡谷的入口处。They escaped from the jaws of death.他们从死亡的魔爪中逃了出来。
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common 缺口；开口📖 指物体边缘上有意留下的凹口或开口，形状像张开的嘴。💡 通常用“a jaw in + 物体”或“the jaws of + 物体”说明缺口所在的位置。它强调形状或构造上的凹口，不是泛指任何裂缝或洞口。The rope slipped into a jaw cut into the wooden post.绳子滑进了木桩上凿出的缺口。
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common 带缺口的固定部件📖 指带有凹口或分叉、用来把物体卡住固定的部件，是“张开的嘴”在工具结构上的应用。💡 常见模板是“the jaw of + 工具或装置”以及“fit/hold something in the jaw”。多用于机械或工程语境；说普通夹子时不要默认都用这个词，需看部件是否有这种卡合结构。Place the wire in the jaw of the tool before tightening it.拧紧工具前，先把电线放进卡口里。
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common 夹爪；相对夹合的部件📖 指一对可以相向或背向移动、用来夹住或压碎东西的部件，就像一张嘴用上下颌夹住食物。💡 常见搭配是“the jaws of a vise/machine”和“open, close, tighten the jaws”。通常用复数表示成对的夹合部件；不要把它误解成整台机器本身。The vise's jaws held the metal firmly while he drilled it.他钻孔时，台钳的夹爪牢牢夹住了金属。
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rare 帆杆上的半圆形支承部📖 在航海语境中，指帆桁或帆杆内端的半圆形凹部，它像颌部一样环抱桅杆并让帆杆活动。💡 只在航海或传统船舶语境中使用，常见结构是“the jaw of a boom/gaff”。日常谈工具夹口时不要使用这一专门义。
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rare 粗鲁的责骂话📖 这是过时或带俚语色彩的名词义，指无礼、辱骂性或毫无价值的说话，把嘴巴的动作联想到令人厌烦的“乱咬”。💡 多见于较老的口语或文学对话，常放在“no more of your jaw”一类表达中。现代英语通常用 talk、abuse 或 backtalk 表达相关意思，学习时不必主动使用。dated slang
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rare 车轴护架📖 俚语或旧用法中指保护车轴的部件，名称来自其包住或夹住轴的形状。💡 只在特定机械或旧俚语材料中出现，不能用来泛指现代车辆的任何轴部零件。遇到它时应结合上下文和行业词汇判断。slang
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rare 球袋入口边缘的弧形垫部📖 在斯诺克等球类中，指球袋入口处弯曲的台边或垫子，球会像被一张嘴卡住一样停在那里。💡 通常用“the jaw of the pocket”或“a ball caught in the jaws”描述位置。这个义项限于台球、斯诺克等语境，不要用于普通袋口。
jaws
plural
noun
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rare 大浪；涌浪📖 方言中指一阵高大的海浪或破浪，可理解为水面张口般冲起的形象。💡 主要见于苏格兰和英格兰北部方言文本，常和海、水面等词连用。不要在普通现代英语中用它替代 wave。Northern-England Scotland
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rare 一大股水；泼溅📖 方言中指猛然泼出或涌出的一股水，也可泛指大量液体。💡 常用于方言叙述中描述水或酒等液体突然涌动、泼出。现代英语里通常改用 splash、pour 或 flood，不能按普通名词义自由套用。Northern-England Scotland
jaws
plural
verb
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common 责骂；训斥📖 指像用嘴不停咬人一样，用尖刻或辱骂的话攻击、训斥某人。💡 常见模板是“jaw at/about somebody”，表示不停责骂某人；也可用及物结构直接接人。它比 scold 更口语、更不客气，不要把它当作中性的“批评”。transitiveShe kept jawing at him about the mess in the kitchen.她一直因为厨房里的乱摊子训斥他。
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common 吵嚷；大声争吵📖 不及物时指人持续地吵闹、争吵或用激烈的话来回冲撞，仍然保留嘴巴不停开合的形象。💡 常见结构是“jaw with somebody”或“people were jawing”，通常表示双方吵个不停。它带有非正式和负面色彩，正式场合描述讨论时不要使用。intransitiveThe two neighbors were jawing in the hallway again.那两个邻居又在走廊里吵个不停。
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common 闲聊；交谈📖 语气较轻时，指人们张嘴不停地说话、聊天；通常暗示谈得久或内容不太重要。💡 常见模板是“jaw about + 话题”或“sit around jawing”，属于非正式口语。它通常不表示正式、认真或有目的的交谈；想中性地说“交谈”应优先用 talk 或 chat。informal intransitiveWe spent the afternoon jawing about old times.我们整个下午都在闲聊过去的时光。
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rare 球卡在袋口📖 在斯诺克等球类中，指球停在球袋入口的弧形边缘，像被一张嘴卡住。💡 常见结构是“the ball jawed”或“jaw a ball”，只用于球类报道或玩家用语。不要把它用于普通的“球进袋”或泛指球被挡住。intransitive transitive
jaws
present,singular,third-person
jawing
participle,present
jawed
participle,past
jawed
past
verb
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rare 倾倒；泼出📖 方言中指把水或其他液体猛地倒出或泼向某处，可看作“水从张开的口中冲出”。💡 主要用于苏格兰方言文本，通常接液体作宾语。现代英语中应根据动作选择 pour、throw 或 splash，不要在普通对话里照搬。Scotland transitive
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rare 泼溅；涌动📖 方言中指液体猛烈地飞溅、冲涌或泛滥，延续了水波张口冲出的形象。💡 常用于描述溪流、雨水或排水沟等水体的剧烈流动，带明显地域色彩。通用英语通常用 splash、surge 或 overflow 表达。Scotland transitive
jaws
present,singular,third-person
jawing
participle,present
jawed
participle,past
jawed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
censure severely or angrily; ;
同义词集:
call on the carpet
take to task
rebuke
rag
trounce
lecture
reprimand
jaw
dress down
call down
scold
chide
berate
bawl out
remonstrate
chew out
chew up
have words
lambaste
lambast
The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger's car
The deputy ragged the Prime Minister
The customer dressed down the waiter for bringing cold soup
上位: criticise, criticize, knock, pick apart
下位: castigate, chasten, chastise, correct, objurgate
talk incessantly and tiresomely
同义词集:
yack
jaw
yack away
rattle on
yap away
上位: mouth, speak, talk, utter, verbalise, verbalize
talk socially without exchanging too much information
同义词集:
chew the fat
shoot the breeze
chat
confabulate
confab
chitchat
chit-chat
chatter
chaffer
natter
gossip
jaw
claver
visit
the men were sitting in the cafe and shooting the breeze
上位: converse, discourse
chew (food); to bite and grind with the teeth; ;
同义词集:
chew
masticate
manducate
jaw
He jawed his bubble gum
Chew your food and don't swallow it!
The cows were masticating the grass
上位: grate, grind
下位: champ, chomp, crunch, gum, mumble, munch
holding device consisting of one or both of the opposing parts of a tool that close to hold an object
同义词集:
jaw
the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth
同义词集:
jaw
上位: bone, os
下位: chop, jawbone, jowl, lower jaw, lower jawbone, mandible, mandibula, mandibular bone, submaxilla
the bones of the skull that frame the mouth and serve to open it; the bones that hold the teeth
同义词集:
jaw
上位: feature, lineament
🌳 词源
名词和动词自中古英语以来就有记录，但更早的词源有争议，可能与古法语或古英语词源有关；形容词义的来源也不确定。
From Middle English jawe/jowe (“jaw; sides of the lower face”, 14th century), the further origin of which is disputed. Either:
* From Anglo-Norman jowe, from Old French joe (“cheek; jaw”), from Vulgar Latin *ga(v)ota (“cheek”), of uncertain further origin.
** It has been objected that the rhyming of jowe (“jaw”) with clowe (“claw”) in Middle English demonstrates that it did not have the vowel /uː/. This would be a concern if /uː/ were the vowel to expect from a borrowing of the Old French word, which it is not. Compare English paw < Middle English pawe/powe < Anglo-Norman powe < Old French poe.
* From Middle English *chowe, from Old English *ċēowe. The main difficulties with this theory are the notable lack of evidence and the late attestation of chaw (early 16th century). If it is correct, then the further origin would be Proto-West Germanic *keuwā (“jaw”), whence Saterland Frisian Kiuwe, Dutch kieuw, German Keu, Käu. For the initial consonant, compare jowl as a variant of chavel/chawl.
It is also conceivable that the word is a merger of two coincidentally similar sources. Gradually displaced Middle English chavel (from Old English ċeafl).
🔄 变式
jawed
past
jawing
present
jaws
plural
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