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jail
★★★
🇺🇸 /dʒˈeɪl/
jail主要指依法关押人的监狱或拘留所,也可指被关押这一状态;作动词时表示把人关进监狱。
💡 记忆钩子
把jail想成一扇关住人的门:门所在的地方是“监狱、拘留所”,人被门关住的状态就是“服刑或被拘禁”,把人送进这扇门就是“关押”。在游戏和计算机中,它又延伸为把人或程序限制在一个不能随意离开的区域里。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“监狱、拘留所”和“被关押”这两个核心义,再学习作动词的“关押”。
- 不要默认把jail等同于长期服刑的监狱;英语中它常指审判前拘留或关押轻罪犯人的地方,具体期限仍要看上下文。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 监狱;拘留所📖 指依法关押不愿自行离开的人或等待司法处理的机构、场所,尤其常指关押轻罪犯人或等待审判人员的地方。💡 表示“在监狱里”用“in jail”,表示“进监狱”用“go to jail”,表示把某人关进去用“send someone to jail”。通常说“in jail”,而不是在一般地点表达中随意加冠词;具体是“监狱”还是“拘留所”要由司法背景决定。countable uncountableHe was sent to jail for stealing a car.他因偷车被送进了监狱。She is waiting in jail for her trial.她正在拘留所里等待审判。
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core 监禁;坐牢📖 指人被关在jail里的处境或惩罚本身,不强调关押地点,而强调失去自由的状态。💡 常见结构是“go to jail”“be in jail”“face jail”或“serve jail time”,其中“be in jail”既可描述地点,也可强调被拘禁的状态。谈到刑罚时,jail通常指坐牢或监禁,不要只按地点理解。uncountableA short jail sentence would be better than a large fine.短期监禁可能比高额罚款更合适。
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rare 赛马禁赛期📖 在认领赛术语中,指被认领的马在一段时间内不能到另一赛场参赛的限制状态,也就是一种赛马方面的“关禁闭”。💡 通常出现在赛马报道中,常与表示处于或解除限制的表达连用。这个义项不用于一般的监禁语境,遇到普通司法话题时不要采用它。uncountable
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rare 游戏中的禁区📖 在躲避球等游戏中,指被球击中的玩家必须暂时待着、不能自由返回比赛区域的地方。💡 通常用来说明游戏规则,常放在表示进入、待在或离开某区域的结构中。它不是现实中的监狱,而是把“被限制在一个区域里”的核心概念用于游戏。countable uncountable
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rare 计算机隔离环境📖 在计算机领域,指把来宾操作系统实例限制在隔离环境中的沙箱,使它不能随意影响外部系统。💡 这个义项主要出现在计算机和系统工程语境中,通常与运行、隔离或限制来宾系统的表达连用。这里的jail是比喻用法,重点是权限受限和环境隔离,不是实体牢房。uncountable usually
jails
plural
verb
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core 关进监狱;监禁📖 指依法剥夺某人的自由,把这个人关进jail;它就是名词“监狱、拘禁”这一核心画面的动作化表达。💡 常用“jail someone for + 原因或罪行”以及“be jailed for + 原因或罪行”。它是及物动词,后面通常直接接被关押的人;不要把它误当成只表示“锁住某件东西”的普通动词。The court jailed him for three years.法院判处他三年监禁。Several protesters were jailed after the demonstration.示威活动后,几名抗议者被关进了监狱。
jails
present,singular,third-person
jailing
participle,present
jailed
participle,past
jailed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 2 组
lock up or confine, in or as in a jail;
同义词集:
imprison
incarcerate
lag
immure
put behind bars
jail
jug
gaol
put away
remand
The suspects were imprisoned without trial
the murderer was incarcerated for the rest of his life
上位: confine, detain
a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)
同义词集:
jail
jailhouse
gaol
clink
slammer
poky
pokey
下位: bastille, workhouse
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,经古法语和拉丁语演变而来,最初与“小笼子、小隔间”有关;它与cage同源相关。
Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱowh₁ós?
Proto-Italic *kawos
Latin cavus
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Indo-European *-éyos
Proto-Italic *-ejos
Proto-Italic *-eos
Latin -eus
Latin *caveus
Latin cavea
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -ulus
Latin -ola
Late Latin caveola
Anglo-Norman jaiolebor.
Middle English gayole
English jail
Inherited from Middle English gayole, borrowed from Anglo-Norman jaiole, from Late Latin caveola, from Latin cavea (“cage”) + -ola (diminutive ending). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.
Fully displaced native Middle English quartern (“prison, jail, cell”), from Old English cweartern (“jail, prison”).
Partially displaced native Middle English lok, from Old English loc (“enclosure, pen; jail, prison”), whence lock; and Middle English carcern, from Old English carcern, from Latin carcer (“prison, jail”).
Compare these Old English words, all meaning “jail”: heaþor, heolstorloca (means also “jail cell”), clūstorloc, dung (also “dungeon”), hlinræced, nirwþ, nīedcleofa, hearmloca, and nearu.
🔄 变式
jailed
past
jailing
present
jails
plural
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