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involve

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🇺🇸 /ˌɪnvˈɑlv/ 🇬🇧 /ɪnˈvɔlv/

verb 编号: I01345 牛津3000 BNC #419 COCA #656

involve 的核心意思是“把某物或某人卷入、包含在一个整体或事情中”，可表示组成部分、参与关系，也可表示陷入麻烦。

💡 记忆钩子

想象把东西卷进一个大卷筒：一部分被卷在里面，就是“包含”；人被卷进去，就是“参与或牵涉”；卷得太乱，就成了“陷入复杂或麻烦的处境”。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“包括某项内容”和“使某人参与某事”这两个现代核心义，再理解“牵涉、陷入麻烦”的引申义。
不要把 involve 只理解成“涉及”或只理解成“包含”；它既可以说明事情由哪些部分组成，也可以说明某人被带入某项活动或处境。

📖 中文释义

verb

core 包括；涉及内容

📖 某件工作、活动或情况把某项内容作为其中的一部分，也就是“包含某项内容”。

💡 常用句型是 “某事 involves 某内容”，后面接名词、动名词或疑问词从句。主语通常是工作、计划、活动等，不要误把它当作表示主动参加的人。这个义项常可译为“包括、涉及”，但不一定表示事情很复杂。

transitive

The project involves careful planning and regular testing.

这个项目包括周密的计划和定期测试。

Her new role involves working with children.

她的新职务包括和孩子们一起工作。
common 包含其中的意义或因素

📖 某种说法、象征或观念里面含有某些不一定直接说出的意义或因素；这些内容像是被卷在其中。

💡 常用于较正式的说明或分析语境，句型仍可用 “某物 involves 某意义或因素”。它强调“内含、牵连出的内容”，不一定表示现实中的人参加了活动。日常表达中若只是说物品由哪些部分组成，通常优先使用更直接的“包括”类表达。

specifically transitive

The decision involves several difficult questions about fairness.

这个决定包含了几个关于公平的难题。
core 使参与；使卷入

📖 让某人或某物与一项活动、事件或情况发生联系，尤其是让某人参加其中。

💡 常用句型是 “involve someone in something”，也可以说 “involve someone in doing something”。宾语通常是人，后接 in 引出的活动或事情；不要漏掉 in，也不要把它简单理解成“要求某人做某事”。

transitive

The teacher involved the students in planning the class trip.

老师让学生参与策划班级旅行。

Volunteering involved me in many local projects.

做志愿者使我参与了许多当地项目。
common 被牵涉其中；被包括在内

📖 某人或某物已经被卷入某项活动、事件或问题，重点是处于被牵涉、被包括的状态。

💡 最常见的形式是 “be involved in something” 或 “be involved in doing something”。它既可以表示积极参与，也可以表示无意中被牵涉，具体要看上下文。不要把 involved in 一律译成“参与”，在事故、争议等语境中常译为“牵涉其中”。

also reflexive specifically transitive

Several departments were involved in the investigation.

几个部门被牵涉到这项调查中。
common 使陷入麻烦或纠纷

📖 把某人或某事卷进彼此纠缠、难以处理的局面，常带有麻烦、债务或痛苦等负面意味。

💡 常用句型是 “involve someone in trouble/debt/a dispute” 或 “be involved in a dispute”。这里的 in 后面通常是具体的麻烦或纠纷，语气比普通的“参与”更负面。若只想表达正常参加活动，不要使用带有负面联想的语境。

figuratively transitive

He was involved in a costly legal dispute.

他被卷入了一场代价高昂的法律纠纷。
rare 完全包住；遮蔽

📖 把某物完全包围或遮住，像把它卷进一层看不见外面的包裹中；这是古旧用法。

💡 主要见于古英语或文学性文本，现代日常英语中通常不用它表示物理遮蔽。学习时把它和现代的“包含、卷入”义联系起来即可，不必主动使用。

archaic transitive
rare 卷绕；缠绕

📖 把东西卷成螺旋、折叠起来或彼此缠绕，直接保留了“向里面卷”的原始形象；这是古旧用法。

💡 这是古旧或历史文本中的用法，现代英语通常会用表示“卷起、缠绕”的其他动词。遇到它时可根据上下文理解为物理上的卷绕，不要套用现代“涉及”的义项。

archaic transitive
rare 使复杂化

📖 把事情卷得越来越乱，使它难以理解或处理；这是古旧、现已基本不用的义项。

💡 主要出现在古旧文本中，现代英语通常不用 involve 单独表示“使复杂化”。阅读时可按“把事情搅复杂”理解，但不要据此推断现代常用搭配。

archaic obsolete transitive
rare 乘方

📖 数学旧用法，指把一个数重复乘以自身，即求这个数的某次方。

💡 这是过时的数学用语，现代数学英语通常使用更明确的“求幂、乘方”表达。只在历史数学文本中识别这一义项即可，现代写作不要主动使用。

archaic obsolete transitive

involves present,singular,third-person involving participle,present involved participle,past involved past involve first-person,present,singular involved first-person,past,singular involve present,second-person,singular involvest archaic,present,second-person,singular involved past,second-person,singular involvedst archaic,past,second-person,singular involveth archaic,present,singular,third-person involved past,singular,third-person involve plural,present involved past,plural involve present,subjunctive involved past,subjunctive involve imperative,present - imperative,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 7 组

make complex or intricate or complicated

同义词集: involve

The situation was rather involved

上位: complicate, elaborate, rarify, refine

occupy or engage the interest of

同义词集: involve

His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon

上位: absorb, engage, engross, occupy

require as useful, just, or proper; ; ; ; ;

同义词集: necessitate ask postulate need require take involve call for demand

It takes nerve to do what she did

success usually requires hard work

This job asks a lot of patience and skill

This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice

This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert

This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent

反义: eliminate, obviate, rid of 下位: claim, compel, cost, draw, exact, govern, take

contain as a part

同义词集: involve

Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses

上位: include

have as a necessary feature

同义词集: imply involve

This decision involves many changes

上位: feature, have 下位: carry

connect closely and often incriminatingly

同义词集: involve affect regard

This new ruling affects your business

上位: bear on, come to, concern, have to do with, pertain, refer, relate, touch, touch on 下位: implicate

engage as a participant

同义词集: involve

Don't involve me in your family affairs!

上位: admit, include, let in 下位: drag, drag in, embroil, entangle, mire, sweep, sweep up, tangle

🌳 词源

源自拉丁语 involvere，原意与“向里面卷、包裹”有关，因此逐渐发展出“包含、卷入、牵涉”等义。

PIE word *h₁én From Late Middle English involven (“to cloud; to encumber; to envelop, surround; to ponder (something); (reflexive) to concern (oneself) with something”) [and other forms], borrowed from Old French involver, envoudre, or from its etymon Latin involvere, the present active infinitive of Latin involvō (“to roll to or upon something; to roll about; to coil or curl up; to cover; to envelop, wrap up; to overwhelm”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside, within’) + volvō (“to roll; to tumble”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; to wind (turn coils)”)).

🔄 变式

- imperat involved 1st_sg involvedst archaic involves present involvest archaic involveth archaic involving present

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