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infection
★★★
🇺🇸 /ˌɪnfˈɛkʃʌn/
infection 是医学语境中“感染”的名词:病原体侵入并繁殖的过程或状态,也可指由此引起的疾病,以及伤口出现的感染迹象。
💡 记忆钩子
把 infection 想成“病原体闯入身体并占据地盘”:闯入和扩散是感染过程,形成的患病状态也叫感染,由此造成的疾病叫感染,伤口上出现脓液等外在表现时,也可以说是感染的迹象。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“病原体进入并繁殖”这一核心画面,再区分它指过程、患病状态还是外在迹象。
- 不要把 infection 只理解成“传染”;它常指身体内部已经发生的感染,也不等同于所有炎症或单纯的不适。
📖 中文释义
noun
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common 感染过程📖 指病原体使身体受到侵入或污染的过程,重点在“正在发生感染”这一动作或变化,而不一定强调最后形成的疾病。💡 常见结构是“the infection of A by B”,用来说明某个对象被某种病原体感染。这个用法较偏正式或专业,日常表达通常直接说某人或某处发生了 infection。不要把这里的 infection 误解为“传染给别人”的单向动作。countable uncountableThe infection of the wound occurred soon after the injury.伤口在受伤后不久就发生了感染。
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core 病原体在体内繁殖📖 指有害的细菌、病毒或其他病原体进入宿主体内并失去控制地繁殖;这里的重点是病原体正在身体里占据和扩散。💡 常见结构是“have an infection”“develop an infection”或“infection in + 部位”。具体感染通常用可数形式,泛指感染现象时也可用不可数形式;不要因为有 an 就把它理解成一种固定疾病名称。countable uncountableThe cut became red because it had developed an infection.这道伤口因为发生了感染而变红了。Doctors are testing for infection in his lungs.医生正在检查他的肺部是否有感染。
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core 感染性疾病📖 指病原体存在并繁殖后造成的疾病,也就是患者实际患上的一种感染;此时重点从病原体的活动转向人的患病状态。💡 常见结构是“treat an infection”“recover from an infection”或“an infection caused by + 病原体”。说具体的一次患病时通常用可数形式;infection 本身不是某一种特定疾病的名称,必要时要补充部位或病原体。countable uncountableShe was given antibiotics to treat a serious ear infection.她接受了抗生素治疗严重的耳部感染。
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common 感染迹象📖 指感染造成的可见或可检查的表现,例如伤口化脓;这里说的是感染留下的外在证据,而不是感染过程本身。💡 常见结构是“signs of infection”“show evidence of infection”或“an infection in the wound”。这个用法多见于医疗说明和检查语境;infection 不等于单独的红肿、疼痛或脓液,只有在这些表现提示病原体活动时才这样说。countable uncountableThe nurse checked the wound for signs of infection.护士检查了伤口,看有没有感染迹象。
infections
plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
同义词集:
infection
moral corruption or contamination
同义词集:
infection
ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable
上位: corruption, corruptness
the communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people;
同义词集:
contagion
infection
a contagion of mirth
the infection of his enthusiasm for poetry
上位: communication
an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted
同义词集:
infection
contagion
transmission
上位: incident
(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
同义词集:
infection
(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
同义词集:
infection
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
同义词集:
infection
下位: felon, itch, lockjaw, scabies, sepsis, sore, tetanus, whitlow
🌳 词源
源自古法语 infection,来自后期拉丁语 īnfectiō;可理解为 infect 加名词后缀 -ion 构成。
From Old French infection, from Late Latin īnfectiō. Equivalent to infect + -ion.
🔄 变式
infections
plural
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