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impose
★★★★
🇺🇸 /ˌɪmpˈoʊz/
🇬🇧 /ɪmˈpəʊz/
主要表示把责任、限制、税费等强加给某人或某事物;也可表示给别人添麻烦。作名词时是“强加负担”这一动作的旧用法。
💡 记忆钩子
想象把一个沉重的包放到别人或某件事上:把包“放上去”是最早的字面意思,后来变成由权威强加责任、限制或税费;如果把包放到别人身上,就有了“给人添麻烦”的用法。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“强加、施加”和“给别人添麻烦”这两个现代常用义,字面上的“放置”以及名词用法基本只需阅读时识别。
- 不要把 impose 简单理解成普通的“放置”;现代英语中它通常暗示负担、限制或不受欢迎的要求被加到某人或某事物上。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 强加;加负担📖 指把某种义务、任务等负担加到别人身上,是动词 impose 的名词化旧用法。现代英语中几乎不这样使用。obsolete
imposes
plural
verb
-
rare 放置在……上📖 指把一个实物放到另一个物体上,是 impose 的早期字面义;现代英语通常不用它表达普通的“放置”。archaic transitive
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core 施加;强制实行📖 把某项规定、限制、税费或责任正式加到某人、某群体或某事物上,通常带有权威施加负担的意味。💡 常用句型是 impose + 规定、限制、税费等 + on/upon + 人或事物。它强调“由有权力的一方施加”,不能随意替换表示一般影响的 affect。正式新闻和说明文中很常见。figuratively transitiveThe government imposed a new tax on imported goods.政府对进口商品征收了一项新税。The court imposed a heavy fine on the company.法院对这家公司处以重罚。
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core 把负担或影响强加于📖 把某种主要是抽象的负担、限制、压力或影响放到某人或某事物上;也可以表示某人或某事强行占据、压制对方。这个用法正是“把沉重的东西放到别人身上”这一核心画面的延伸。💡 常用句型是 impose + 抽象事物 + on/upon + 人或事物,也可说 impose oneself on someone,表示强行打扰或占用对方。宾语通常是 restriction、burden、pressure、cost 等抽象名词;不要把 impose on 误当成单纯的“影响”。intransitive transitiveThe long journey imposed a great strain on everyone.这段漫长的旅程给每个人都带来了很大压力。The new rules impose extra costs on small businesses.新规定给小企业增加了额外成本。
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common 给别人添麻烦📖 不及物使用时,指因为请求帮助、借住或占用时间而成为别人的负担;常用于礼貌地表示担心自己打扰了对方。💡 常用句型是 impose on/upon someone,尤其见于 I don’t want to impose on you 或 I hope I’m not imposing。它通常表示“麻烦你了、打扰你了”,不是“把规定强加给你”;否定句和疑问句比肯定句更自然。intransitiveI hope I'm not imposing, but could you give me a ride home?希望没有给你添麻烦,不过你能送我回家吗?
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rare 征税;课税📖 旧式用法,指对带入某地的物品征收税费,可看作“把税费加到物品上”这一核心意思的历史延伸。intransitive obsolete
imposes
present,singular,third-person
imposing
participle,present
imposed
participle,past
imposed
past
impose
first-person,present,singular
imposed
first-person,past,singular
impose
present,second-person,singular
imposest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
imposed
past,second-person,singular
imposedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
imposeth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
imposed
past,singular,third-person
impose
plural,present
imposed
past,plural
impose
present,subjunctive
imposed
past,subjunctive
impose
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
impose something unpleasant
同义词集:
inflict
bring down
visit
impose
The principal visited his rage on the students
上位: communicate, intercommunicate
下位: clamp, dictate, give, intrude, obtrude, order, prescribe
impose and collect
同义词集:
levy
impose
levy a fine
上位: bill, charge
下位: lay, tax, tithe, toll
compel to behave in a certain way;
同义词集:
enforce
impose
constrain
Social relations impose courtesy
duty constrains one to act often contrary to one's desires or inclinations
上位: compel, obligate, oblige
🌳 词源
动词来自中古法语和古法语,和表示“放置”的词根有关;名词由该动词派生而来。
The verb is derived from Late Middle English imposen (“to place, set; to impose (a duty, etc.)”), borrowed from Middle French imposer, and Old French emposer, enposer (“to impose (a duty, tax, etc.)”) (modern French imposer), from im-, em- (variants of en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’)) + poser (“to place, put”), modelled after:
* Latin impōnere (“to place or set (something) on; (figurative) to impose (a duty, tax, etc.)”), from im- (variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘on, upon’)) + pōnō (“to place, put; etc.”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *tḱey- (“to cultivate; to live; to settle”)); and
* Latin impositus (“established; put upon, imposed”), the perfect passive participle of impōnō: see above.
The noun is derived from the verb.
🔄 变式
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imperat
imposed
1st_sg
imposedst
archaic
imposes
plural
imposest
archaic
imposeth
archaic
imposing
present
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