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hurt
★★★★
🇺🇸 /hˈɚt/
🇬🇧 /hɜːt/
hurt 的核心概念是“受到或造成伤害、疼痛”:它可以表示身体受伤或疼痛,也可以表示感情受伤;作动词时还可表示伤害、使疼痛或损害某事物。
💡 记忆钩子
把 hurt 想成“撞击留下的痛”:身体被撞会受伤、会疼,感情被刺痛也会“受伤”;因此作动词可表示“使人受伤或难过”,也可进一步表示“损害某件事”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握最常见的形容词和动词用法,再学习名词用法;名词表示“伤痛、心伤”时常见,但表示具体伤口的用法较旧。
- 不要把 hurt 只理解成“伤害别人”:它也常表示自己疼痛或感到难过,尤其要注意身体疼痛和情感受伤这两条主线。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 受伤的📖 表示身体受到伤害,处于受伤状态;重点是伤害已经落在这个人或动物身上。💡 常用模式是“be hurt”或“get hurt”,后面可补充受伤的身体部位或受伤经过。它是日常用语,既可表示轻微受伤,也可泛指受到身体伤害;不要直接把它当作名词“伤口”使用。She was badly hurt in the fall.她摔倒时受了重伤。Be careful not to get hurt.小心别受伤。
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core 感到疼痛或难过的📖 表示身体感到疼,或因为言语、行为和拒绝而在感情上受到伤害;它把身体痛和心里痛连在同一个“被刺痛”的概念上。💡 常用模式是“feel hurt”或“be hurt by somebody/something”。表示情感受伤时,通常不是指生气本身,而是指感到被冒犯、失望或不被重视;表示身体疼痛时则要结合具体部位或情况理解。I felt hurt when nobody remembered my birthday.没有人记得我的生日时,我感到很难过。His knee is still hurt after the accident.事故后他的膝盖仍然受伤。
more hurt
comparative
most hurt
superlative
name
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rare 弗吉尼亚州城镇名📖 这是美国弗吉尼亚州一个城镇的名称,与“受伤、疼痛”的普通词义无关。💡 作为地名时通常使用“in Hurt”或“from Hurt”等地名结构,并保留首字母大写。它只在涉及该地区的地图、新闻或地方资料中出现。uncountable
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rare 姓氏📖 这是一个英语姓氏,表示某个人的家族名称,不表示“受伤”。💡 作为姓氏时首字母大写,通常出现在人名中。不要仅凭拼写把它当作句子里的普通动词或形容词。countable
Hurts
plural
noun
-
core 心伤;情感上的痛苦📖 指被欺骗、拒绝、羞辱或失望后留下的感情伤痛;它像身体受伤一样,会持续一段时间并需要恢复。💡 常见模式是“an old hurt”“deep hurts”或“heal/overcome a hurt”。它既可数也可不可数,具体取决于是在说一次具体的心伤,还是泛指情感痛苦;不要把它简单等同于一时的生气。countable uncountableTalking about it helped her heal an old hurt.谈论这件事帮助她治愈了旧日的心伤。
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rare 身体伤口或瘀伤📖 指造成疼痛的身体伤口或瘀伤,是从“身体受到撞击而受伤”发展出的较旧名词用法。💡 这种用法较古旧,现代英语通常改用表示伤口、损伤或瘀伤的更具体词语。阅读旧文学或历史文本时遇到它,可先按“身体伤害”理解。archaic countable uncountable
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rare 伤害;损害📖 泛指对人或事物造成的不利影响,相当于把“受伤”扩大到利益、名誉或状况受到损害。💡 这是较旧的抽象名词用法,常见于历史、文学或正式文本。现代英语通常会选择更明确的“伤害”或“损害”类名词来表达同样意思。archaic countable uncountable
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rare 锤杆上的工程部件📖 在工程术语中,指落锤装置锤杆上承托轴颈的带状部件;这是从普通词义分化出的专业名称。💡 只在讨论落锤装置或相关工程机械的专业资料中使用。日常语境中的 hurt 几乎不会表示这个部件,不能根据普通“疼痛”义推测其含义。countable uncountable
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rare 外壳;表皮📖 在少数旧用法中指包裹种子或果实的外层,即外壳、表皮。💡 这是非常边缘的旧义,通常只在专门词典或历史文本中出现。现代英语中应根据具体对象使用更常见的“外壳”或“表皮”类词语。countable uncountable
hurts
plural
noun
-
rare 蓝色圆斑📖 指纹章图案中的蓝色圆形斑点,是一个专门的纹章学名称。💡 只在纹章学描述中使用,通常出现在说明盾徽颜色和图案的句子里。日常英语中几乎不会用到这个义项。
hurts
plural
verb
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core 使受伤;弄疼📖 表示某人、动物或行为造成身体疼痛或实际伤害,是“把撞击和痛传给别人”的用法。💡 常用结构是“hurt somebody/something”或“get hurt”,前者表示使某人或某物受伤,后者表示自己受伤。它可用于意外、动作或故意伤害;过去时和过去分词仍是 hurt,不要加词尾变化。intransitive transitiveThe sharp edge could hurt your hand.这个锋利的边缘可能会弄伤你的手。He hurt his ankle while playing football.他踢足球时弄伤了脚踝。
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core 使感情受伤📖 表示某人的言语或行为让另一个人在感情上感到痛苦、被冒犯或失望;身体疼痛的图像在这里转成了心里的疼痛。💡 常用结构是“hurt somebody’s feelings”或“be hurt by somebody/something”。它强调造成情感痛苦,不一定表示对方生气;中文学习者不要把所有“伤害感情”都误解成严重的身体伤害。intransitive transitiveI didn't mean to hurt your feelings.我不是故意要伤你的感情。She was hurt by his careless comment.他那句不经意的话让她很受伤。
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core 疼;感到疼痛📖 表示身体某处正在疼痛,也可用于较抽象的情感痛苦;这里重点不是谁造成了伤害,而是痛苦本身存在。💡 常用模式是“某个部位 + hurts”,或询问“Does it hurt?”。作不及物动词时通常不直接接表示疼痛对象的宾语;要说具体部位,可用“my back hurts”,不要照搬中文把“疼痛”当作普通及物动作。intransitive stativeMy shoulder hurts when I lift my arm.我抬起手臂时肩膀会疼。Does it hurt when you walk?你走路时会疼吗?
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common 损害;不利于📖 把“受伤”扩大到计划、事业、名誉或结果受到削弱,表示某事使另一件事变差或更难成功。💡 常见结构是“hurt somebody’s chances/prospects”或“hurt the economy”,后面接受到不利影响的人、事或利益。这个用法常见于新闻和正式讨论,通常不是身体伤害;表达一般性的“损害”时,宾语必须是会受到不利影响的事物。intransitive transitiveThe delay could hurt our chances of winning.这次延误可能会降低我们获胜的机会。
hurts
present,singular,third-person
hurting
participle,present
hurt
participle,past
hurt
past
hurt
first-person,present,singular
hurt
first-person,past,singular
hurt
present,second-person,singular
hurtest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
hurt
past,second-person,singular
hurtedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
hurteth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
hurt
past,singular,third-person
hurt
plural,present
hurt
past,plural
hurt
present,subjunctive
hurt
past,subjunctive
hurt
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 14 组
give trouble or pain to
同义词集:
hurt
This exercise will hurt your back
下位: ail, injure, pain, trouble, wound
feel pain or be in pain
同义词集:
suffer
hurt
上位: be
下位: choke, famish, gag, have, hunger, starve, strangle, suffocate
cause damage or affect negatively
同义词集:
hurt
injure
Our business was hurt by the new competition
上位: damage
the act of damaging something or someone
同义词集:
damage
harm
hurt
scathe
下位: burn, defacement, disfiguration, disfigurement, impairment, mutilation, wound, wounding
damaged; used of inanimate objects or their value
同义词集:
hurt
weakened
近似: damaged
suffering from physical injury especially that suffered in battle;
同义词集:
hurt
wounded
nursing his wounded arm
ambulances...for the hurt men and women
近似: injured
cause emotional anguish or make miserable
同义词集:
pain
anguish
hurt
It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school
上位: discomfit, discompose, disconcert, untune, upset
下位: excruciate, rack, torment, torture, try
hurt the feelings of;
同义词集:
hurt
wound
injure
bruise
offend
spite
She hurt me when she did not include me among her guests
This remark really bruised my ego
上位: arouse, elicit, enkindle, evoke, fire, kindle, provoke, raise
下位: abase, affront, chagrin, diss, humble, humiliate, insult, mortify, sting
feel physical pain
同义词集:
hurt
ache
suffer
Were you hurting after the accident?
上位: comprehend, perceive
下位: catch, get, kill, prick, sting, twinge
be the source of pain
同义词集:
ache
smart
hurt
下位: bite, burn, hunger, itch, shoot, sting, thirst
a damage or loss
同义词集:
detriment
hurt
上位: damage, harm, impairment
下位: expense
feelings of mental or physical pain
同义词集:
suffering
hurt
上位: pain, painfulness
下位: agony, discomfort, irritation, soreness, torment, torture
psychological suffering
同义词集:
distress
hurt
suffering
the death of his wife caused him great distress
上位: pain, painfulness
下位: anguish, torment, torture, wound
any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
同义词集:
injury
hurt
harm
trauma
下位: bite, bleeding, break, bruise, bump, burn, contusion, cryopathy, dislocation, fracture, frostbite, haemorrhage, hemorrhage, insect bite, lesion, pinch, pull, rupture, sting, strain, twist, wale, weal, welt, wheal, whiplash, whiplash injury, wound, wrench
🌳 词源
动词和相关词义源自中古英语及古北法语中表示“撞击、打伤”的词,最终词源尚有争议;表示纹章蓝色圆斑的名词词源不确定。
From Middle English hurten, hirten, hertan (“to injure, scathe, knock together”), from Old Northern French hurter ("to ram into, strike, collide with"; > Modern French heurter), perhaps from Frankish *hūrt (“a battering ram”), cognate with Welsh hwrdd (“ram”) and Cornish hordh (“ram”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, beat, smash, strike, break”); however, the earliest instances of the verb in Middle English are as old as those found in Old French, which leads to the possibility that the Middle English word may instead be a reflex of an unrecorded Old English *hyrtan, which later merged with the Old French verb. Germanic cognates include Dutch horten (“to push against, strike”), Middle Low German hurten (“to run at, collide with”), Middle High German hurten (“to push, bump, attack, storm, invade”), Old Norse hrútr (“battering ram”).
Alternate etymology traces Old Northern French hurter rather to Old Norse hrútr (“ram (male sheep)”), lengthened-grade variant of hjǫrtr (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutuz, *herutaz (“hart, male deer”), which would relate it to English hart (“male deer”). See hart.
🔄 变式
-
imperat
hurtedst
archaic
hurtest
archaic
hurteth
archaic
hurting
present
Hurts
plural
more hurt
compar
most hurt
superl
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