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however
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /hˌaʊˈɛvɚ/
🇬🇧 /haʊˈɛvə/
however 主要表示“不过、然而”,用于转折;也可表示“无论多么”或“以任何方式”。
💡 记忆钩子
把 however 想成在句子中按下“转弯键”:前面说了一件事,后面转向相反或不受影响的结果,就是“不过、然而”;把这种转折扩大到程度,就有“无论多么”,扩大到方式,就有“随便怎样”。
📝 学习建议
- 优先掌握句首或句中表示转折的用法,再学习“无论多么”和方式用法。
- 不要把句首的 however 机械地理解成“但是”并随意替换所有转折词;它常带有“尽管如此”的意味。
📖 中文释义
adv
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core 不过;然而📖 前面的情况本来会让人期待某个结果,但后面的事实却没有按这个期待发展,因此用 however 表示“尽管如此,还是……”。💡 常用句型是“句子。However, 句子”或“主语, however, 谓语”,句末也可以使用。它比日常口语中的某些转折说法更偏书面,但在普通表达中也很常见。不要把它当作连词直接用逗号连接两个完整句子。conjunctive not-comparableThe weather was bad. However, we went hiking.天气很糟,不过我们还是去徒步了。I was tired; I finished the work, however.我很累,不过我还是完成了工作。
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common 相比之下;然而📖 这里的 however 把前后两个情况放在一起比较,指出后一个情况与前一个形成反差。💡 常用模式是“前一情况。However, 后一情况”,也可放在后一分句中间。它强调对比,不一定表示前一情况是后一情况的原因或让步条件。写作中可用它清楚地引出与前文相反的评价。conjunctive not-comparableThe hotel was comfortable. The location, however, was inconvenient.这家酒店很舒适,不过位置不太方便。
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common 无论多么;不管怎样📖 however 放在形容词或副词前,表示程度不管达到什么水平,后面的事实都成立,相当于“无论多么……”。💡 常用句型是“however + 形容词或副词 + 主语 + 谓语,主句……”。这里的 however 不是句首转折副词,不能单独译成“然而”。学习时要注意它后面通常接表示程度的形容词或副词。not-comparableHowever carefully you plan, something may still go wrong.无论你计划得多么周密,还是可能出问题。
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common 随便怎样;用任何方式📖 它表示做事的方式不受限制,意思是“你想怎样做都可以”或“用什么方式都行”。这是从“无论怎样”发展出来的方式用法。💡 常见模式是“do it however”或“however you like”。这种用法较口语化,通常需要结合上下文理解具体方式;不要在正式说明中滥用它来代替更明确的方式表达。informal not-comparableYou can arrange the chairs however you like.你想怎么摆椅子都可以。
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rare 究竟怎样📖 这是把 however 分开理解为强调性的“how ever”,用来强烈追问某件事究竟是怎样做到的;现代英语中较少见。💡 常见模式是“However did you ...?”,语气带有惊讶、难以理解或强烈好奇。它不是普通的“怎么”,日常提问通常使用更简单的疑问形式。阅读文学作品或带有夸张语气的对话时可能遇到这种用法。interrogative not-comparable
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rare 无论如何;总之📖 这里表示“不管怎样、无论如何”,是较旧的用法,可看作把转折扩大为“在任何情况下都如此”。💡 这种用法带有过时色彩,现代英语中通常改用更明确的表达。阅读旧文献或历史性文本时,不能只按现代最常见的“然而”理解它。not-comparable obsolete
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession); ; ;
同义词集:
however
nevertheless
withal
still
yet
all the same
even so
nonetheless
notwithstanding
at the same time
although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it
while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
he was a stern yet fair master
granted that it is dangerous, all the same I still want to go
in whatever way or manner;
同义词集:
however
Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet
however he did it, it was very clever
to whatever degree or extent;
同义词集:
however
The results, however general, are important
they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
by contrast; on the other hand
同义词集:
however
the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,基本上由“如何”与“永远、总是”组合而来,后来发展出“无论怎样”和“然而”等用法。
From Middle English however, how-ever, how-evere; equivalent to how + ever. Compare howsoever.
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