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hold

★★★★

🇺🇸 /hˈoʊld/ 🇬🇧 /hɔld/

adj 编号: H01656 牛津3000 BNC #178 COCA #213

“hold”主要表示用手抓住、拿住，也可表示容纳、保存或维持某种状态；作名词时可指抓握、持有或一次抓住、保持的动作。它还有“举行、发生、货舱”等常见延伸义，以及形容词“友善、忠诚”的较少见用法。

💡 记忆钩子

核心画面是“把某物抓住并让它留在那里”：手抓住是“拿住”，容器把东西留在里面是“容纳”，坚持立场或维持状态是“保持”，由此还可引申为掌握、暂缓和举行。

📝 学习建议

先掌握动词的“拿住、容纳、保持”三层意思，再学习“举行、发生”等延伸义。
不要把它只理解为“拿在手里”；根据宾语和语境，它也常表示维持、保留或容纳。
名词“hold”可指“抓握”或“控制力”；船、飞机的“货舱”是另一专门义。
形容词义“友善、忠诚”较少见，学习时不要与动词和名词的常用义混淆。

📖 中文释义

adj

rare 友善而忠诚的

📖 表示一个人友善、忠诚或可靠，是过时的形容词用法。

obsolete

more hold comparative most hold superlative

noun

core 抓握；握住

📖 指用手或其他部位抓住某物的动作或抓住后的握力，核心画面就是把东西抓住并让它留在手里。

💡 常用“get/take/grab hold of + 名词”表示抓住或拿到某物，也可说“keep a firm hold on + 名词”。不要把它直接当作动词使用；表达“抓住”时要用相应动词搭配。

She lost her hold on the wet railing.

她没能抓稳那根湿栏杆。

The child kept a tight hold of his mother's hand.

孩子紧紧抓着妈妈的手。
core 拿着；抱着的动作

📖 指一次把人或物拿在手里、抱在怀里的动作，也可表示请求别人让自己拿一会儿。

💡 常用“have/take a hold of + 名词”表示拿住或抱住；口语中“Can I have a hold of...?”是在请求“我能拿一下……吗？”。这里的hold强调动作或短暂接触，不等于长期拥有。

Can I have a hold of your camera for a moment?

我能拿一下你的相机吗？

He gave the baby a gentle hold while she tied her shoe.

她系鞋带时，他轻轻抱着婴儿。
common 关养动物的地方

📖 指暂时关养动物、让它们安全待着的地方，是“把动物留在那里”的具体场所。

💡 通常说“a hold for + 动物”或“in a hold”，多用于农场、运输或临时安置的语境。日常英语中也可能用pen、stall等更具体的词，不要把它和船的货舱混淆。

The injured sheep was kept in a hold until the vet arrived.

受伤的羊被暂时关在一个圈舍里，直到兽医到来。
common 暂缓令；保留指令

📖 指要求暂时不处理某件事的命令或安排，使它被保留、延迟或暂时不能继续办理。

💡 常用“put/place a hold on + 名词”表示暂缓某事，也可说“put something on hold”。不要把on hold误解为永久取消；它通常暗示之后可能恢复处理。

The bank placed a hold on the transfer until it could verify my identity.

银行暂缓了这笔转账，直到核实我的身份。
common 预留物；保留项

📖 指已经替某人预留或暂时保存的物品、名额或安排。

💡 常用“have a hold for + 人”或“put something on hold for + 人”。它表示暂时留给某人，不一定表示对方已经付款或最终获得。

The shop has a hold here for you at the front desk.

商店前台有一件替你预留的物品。
common 控制力；影响力

📖 指对某人或某事的控制、约束或影响，好像把对方牢牢抓在手中。

💡 常用“have a hold on + 人或事物”表示对其有控制或影响；“break free from someone's hold”则表示摆脱控制。它既可指实际约束，也可指心理、法律或社会层面的影响。

Fear still has a hold on him after the accident.

事故后，恐惧仍然控制着他。
common 坚持下去的能力

📖 指在困难、痛苦或危险中继续活下去、坚持下去的能力，也就是仍能把生活“留住”。

💡 常用“hold on life”或“hold on to life”，后者更常见；“lose one's hold on life”表示逐渐失去支撑。这个用法多带有文学或严肃色彩，普通语境可用ability to survive或will to live。

Her strong hold on life surprised everyone during the long illness.

她在长期患病期间表现出的顽强生命力让所有人都很惊讶。
common 定型力

📖 指发型保持原有形状的能力；定型力越强，头发越不容易塌下或变形。

💡 常用“strong/good/long-lasting hold”修饰发胶、摩丝等产品，也可说“provide hold”。不要把这里的hold理解为手上的抓力。

This spray gives my curls enough hold to last all day.

这种喷雾的定型力足够让我的卷发保持一整天。
common 控制性擒抱

📖 指摔跤、自卫或格斗中用来控制对手的抓抱姿势。

💡 常用“get someone in a hold”或“put someone in a hold”表示把对手控制在某种擒抱中。该用法主要见于格斗和体育语境，不能泛指普通的拥抱。

The wrestler put his opponent in a tight hold.

那名摔跤手用一个紧扣的擒抱控制住了对手。
common 静止保持练习

📖 指锻炼时保持某个姿势一段规定时间的练习。

💡 常用“do a hold”或“hold for + 时间”描述这类练习，也常与plank等具体动作名称连用。这里的hold既可指整项练习，也可指保持姿势的时间。

We finished the workout with a thirty-second hold.

我们用保持三十秒姿势的练习结束了训练。
rare 庄家优势比例

📖 在博彩中，指庄家或博彩公司预计从赌局中获得的比例或金额。

💡 通常出现在博彩行业的统计语境中，常与house或bookmaker连用。不要把它和赌客下注的总额混淆。
rare 下注总额

📖 在博彩中，指某场比赛或某项赛事收到的全部下注金额。

💡 通常说“the total hold”，多见于博彩报道和行业统计。它是总下注额，不是庄家最终赢得的利润。
rare 保发

📖 在网球中，指球员赢下自己发球的一局，没有被对手破发。

💡 常与serve、game或break连用，如“hold serve”和“a hold”。这是网球术语，普通语境中的hold没有这个特定含义。
common 抓握处；支撑点

📖 指物体上专门供手或脚抓住、踩住的部分，也可泛指可以用来抓握的地方。

💡 常用“a handhold”或“a hold for + 身体部位”表示抓握点；攀岩中也常直接说“a hold”。不要与表示“抓握动作”的hold混淆。

There is a small hold on the wall for your left hand.

墙上有一个供你左手抓住的小支撑点。
rare 老虎机锁定功能

📖 在老虎机中，指让一个或多个转轮暂时固定不动、其他转轮继续转动的功能。

💡 通常出现在老虎机的游戏说明或界面中，常与reel连用。它是特定游戏机制，不用于普通的“保留”语境。
rare 暂停功能

📖 在电子游戏中，指让游戏暂时停住、之后可以继续的功能。

💡 多见于较旧的游戏说明，常与pause或restart等操作词连用。现代英语中通常直接说pause，而不是用这个名词。

dated
common 电话保持状态

📖 指电话系统在所有线路繁忙时仍保持连接、让来电者等待的排队机制。

💡 常用“on hold”表示电话处于保持等待状态，也可说“put someone on hold”。不要把它和“挂断电话”混淆；电话通常仍保持连接。

I was put on hold for ten minutes before an agent answered.

我被置于电话等待状态十分钟后，才有客服接听。
rare 中继投手保住领先

📖 在棒球统计中，指中继投手登场后帮助球队保持领先，并在比赛结束前退场而不是完成比赛。

💡 这是棒球统计术语，通常出现在比赛数据或报道中，常与pitcher和lead连用。不能把它泛化为任何“保持领先”的普通名词。
rare 航空等待空域

📖 在航空中，指为等待中的飞机预留、让飞机按规定航线盘旋的空域。

💡 通常说“a holding pattern”或“enter a hold”，主要用于飞行通信和航空技术语境。这里的hold指空域或等待程序，不是飞机的货舱。

holds plural

noun

common 货舱

📖 指船或飞机中用来装货物、行李等物品的舱室，核心仍是把东西容纳并留在里面。

💡 常用“the hold of a ship/plane”或“cargo hold”，表示货舱；装载货物可说“load something into the hold”。不要与普通的“抓握”义混淆，交通运输语境中通常指舱室。

Our suitcases were loaded into the hold before the plane took off.

飞机起飞前，我们的行李箱被装进了货舱。

The crew checked the cargo hold for water before sailing.

起航前，船员检查了货舱是否进水。

holds plural

verb

core 抓住；拿住

📖 用手抓住某物，使它留在手中；这是“把某物抓住并让它留在那里”这一核心画面的直接用法。

💡 常用结构是 hold + 物品，表示“拿住、握住”；也可用 hold on to + 物品，强调不要松手或不要丢掉。用于请求别人拿东西时语气通常自然，但不要把它和只表示短暂触碰的动词混用。

transitive

Hold the handle firmly when you open the door.

开门时要牢牢抓住把手。

Can you hold my bag while I tie my shoe?

我系鞋带时，你能帮我拿一下包吗？
common 容纳；装有

📖 表示容器、房间或物品能够把一定数量的东西留在里面，也就是“容纳”。

💡 常用结构是容器或空间 + hold + 数量或内容物；主语通常是容器、房间、箱子等，而不是被装进去的东西。这里强调容量或能装下，不一定表示东西已经被放入其中。

transitive

This box can hold all of my winter clothes.

这个箱子能装下我所有的冬衣。
core 拿着；保持

📖 表示替别人拿着某物，或让某物、某种状态继续留在那里；这正是“抓住并让它留在那里”的延伸。

💡 常用结构是 hold + 物品，或 hold + 物品 + for + 人；表示“保持”时也常接姿势、位置或状态。不要误解为永久拥有，很多时候只是暂时替人拿着或暂时维持。

transitive

Please hold my coat while I wash my hands.

我洗手时请帮我拿着外套。

Hold the door open for the delivery driver.

替送货员把门保持打开。
common 成立；依然有效

📖 表示某个说法、规则或判断继续成立，处于有效状态。

💡 常用结构是 hold true，主语通常是事实、原则、条件或判断；也可说 hold good，意思相近。这个用法较正式，不能简单理解为“用手拿住”。

copulative intransitive

The same rule holds true for online purchases.

同一条规则也适用于网上购物。
rare 停下；住手

📖 用于命令别人停止行动，常见于文学或戏剧化语境。

💡 通常单独用于祈使句，常见形式是 Hold! 或 hold, enough，语气强烈而且偏文学化。日常生活中更常说“停下”或“等一下”。

imperative intransitive
common 守住；坚持住

📖 表示在压力、攻击或困难中继续守住某个位置或状态，不让它被改变。

💡 常用结构是 hold + 位置，或 hold out against + 对手、困难；也可单独用作不及物动词。这个含义常见于体育、军事或比喻性的竞争语境。

intransitive

Our team held until the final whistle.

我们队一直坚持到终场哨响。
common 憋住；忍住

📖 表示暂时控制住身体的需要或某种反应，让它不要立刻发生。

💡 常用结构是 hold one's bladder，或 hold it in，后者也可指憋住情绪、眼泪等。此用法较口语化；谈身体需要时要注意语境，正式场合可改用更明确的表达。

I had to hold it in until we found a public restroom.

我们找到公共厕所前，我只好一直憋着。
common 持有；坚持认为

📖 表示一直持有某种观点、信念、承诺或做法，让它保持不变。

💡 常用结构是 hold that + 从句，表示“认为”；也常说 hold an opinion、hold a promise 或 hold to a decision。不要把 hold that 后面的内容当成正在拿着的实物。

transitive

She holds that simple meals are better for busy families.

她认为简单的饭菜更适合忙碌的家庭。
common 保持沉默；坚持不做

📖 表示继续维持某种行为状态，例如保持沉默、不发表意见或不采取行动。

💡 常用结构是 hold one's peace，表示“保持沉默”，以及 hold back，表示“克制或不采取行动”。这些搭配比单独使用 hold 更自然，且有些带有正式或文学色彩。

He held his peace during the argument.

争论时他保持了沉默。
rare 忍住情绪

📖 表示努力控制住哭泣等情绪反应，属于较古旧或文学化的用法。

💡 通常用于文学叙述，常与 hold from + 动名词或类似结构搭配。现代日常英语中更常用 hold back tears 或 try not to cry。

archaic
common 保住发球局

📖 在网球中表示赢下自己发球的那一局，使发球权和局分保持在自己一方。

💡 常用结构是 hold serve 或 hold one's serve；主语可以是球员或球队。这个含义限于网球语境，不能泛指赢下任何比赛回合。

ambitransitive

She held serve comfortably in the second set.

她在第二盘轻松保住了自己的发球局。
common 发生；举行

📖 表示某件活动或事件发生，强调它在某个时间或地点“进行起来”。

💡 常用结构是事件 + hold，或说 an event holds at a place；现代英语中更常见的是表示“举行”的被动结构。这个用法较少见，日常表达事件发生通常优先用 take place 或 happen。

The ceremony will hold at noon in the town hall.

仪式将于中午在市政厅举行。
common 举行；组织

📖 表示组织会议、选举、比赛等活动，让它按计划进行；活动被“留在”某个时间和地点。

💡 最常用结构是 hold + 活动，或活动 + be held + 时间、地点；被动语态尤其常见。不要把它只理解成“参加”活动，主语通常是组织者或活动本身。

The school will hold a science fair next Friday.

学校下周五将举办科学展览会。
rare 依法拥有；享有权利

📖 表示依据某种法律、权威或身份拥有权利或资格，属于古旧用法。

💡 常见于历史、法律或文学文本，通常与 of、title 或权利类名词搭配。现代英语中一般改用 own、possess 或 have the right to。

archaic
common 不要加；去掉

📖 在餐馆点餐时表示不要订单中通常会有的某种配料，相当于让它不要被放进食物里。

💡 常用祈使结构是 hold + 配料，通常放在点餐项目之后或作为补充说明。它主要用于非正式餐馆点餐；若要表达过敏或严重忌口，应明确说明原因，而不要只说 hold。

imperative

I'd like the salad, but hold the cheese, please.

我要一份沙拉，但请不要加奶酪。
rare 持有毒品

📖 俚语中表示手里有可供出售的非法毒品，常用于询问某人是否有货。

💡 这是带有犯罪和毒品语境的俚语用法，常见于影视或特定社交场景。不要在普通对话中使用它来表示“拿着某物”，否则可能造成严重误解。

intransitive slang

holds present,singular,third-person holding participle,present held past held participle,past holden archaic,participle,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 45 组

keep from exhaling or expelling

同义词集: hold

hold your breath

上位: hold back, keep, keep back, restrain

remain committed to

同义词集: hold

I hold to these ideas

上位: believe, conceive, consider, think

assert or affirm

同义词集: hold

Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good

上位: affirm, assert, aver, avow, swan, swear, verify

keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view; ; ;

同义词集: deem hold view as take for

take for granted

view as important

hold these truths to be self-evident

I hold him personally responsible

上位: consider, reckon, regard, see, view

hold the attention of; ;

同义词集: hold

The soprano held the audience

This story held our interest

She can hold an audience spellbound

上位: becharm, beguile, bewitch, captivate, capture, catch, charm, enamor, enamour, enchant, entrance, fascinate, trance

be in accord; be in agreement; ; ;

同义词集: agree hold concur concord

We agreed on the terms of the settlement

I can't agree with you!

I hold with those who say life is sacred

Both philosophers concord on this point

反义: differ, disagree, dissent, take issue 下位: arrange, concede, conciliate, conclude, fix up, grant, make up, patch up, reconcile, resolve, settle, subscribe, support, yield

the act of grasping; ;

同义词集: clasp clench clutch clutches grasp grip hold

he released his clasp on my arm

he has a strong grip for an old man

she kept a firm hold on the railing

上位: grasping, prehension, seizing, taking hold 下位: embrace, embracement, embracing

declare to be;

同义词集: declare adjudge hold

She was declared incompetent

judge held that the defendant was innocent

上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment 下位: acknowledge, admit, call, cancel, canonise, canonize, certify, judge, label, pronounce, saint, strike down

bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted;

同义词集: oblige bind hold obligate

He's held by a contract

I'll hold you by your promise

上位: relate 下位: article, pledge

protect against a challenge or attack;

同义词集: defend guard hold

Hold that position behind the trees!

Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks

上位: protect

aim, point, or direct

同义词集: hold

Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames

上位: aim, direct, take, take aim, train

drink alcohol without showing ill effects;

同义词集: carry hold

He can hold his liquor

he had drunk more than he could carry

上位: booze, drink, fuddle, hit the bottle

have or hold in one's hands or grip;

同义词集: hold take hold

Hold this bowl for a moment, please

A crazy idea took hold of him

反义: let go, let go of, release, relinquish 下位: clinch, cling to, clutch, cradle, grasp, hold close, hold on, hold tight, interlace, interlock, lock, trap

be the physical support of; carry the weight of; ;

同义词集: hold support sustain hold up

The beam holds up the roof

He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam

What's holding that mirror?

下位: block, brace, bracket, buoy, buoy up, carry, chock, pole, prop, prop up, scaffold, shore, shore up, truss

to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement; ; ;

同义词集: restrain confine hold constrain

This holds the local until the express passengers change trains

About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade

The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center

The terrorists held the journalists for ransom

上位: disable, disenable, incapacitate 下位: bind, fold, ground, impound, pen up, pound, pound up, tie down, tie up, truss

cover as for protection against noise or smell;

同义词集: hold

She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate

hold one's nose

上位: cover

support or hold in a certain manner;

同义词集: hold carry bear

She holds her head high

He carried himself upright

下位: acquit, balance, bear, behave, carry, comport, conduct, deport, piggyback, poise, sling, stoop

organize or be responsible for; ;

同义词集: hold throw have make give

hold a reception

have, throw, or make a party

give a course

上位: direct

maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings); ;

同义词集: harbor harbour hold entertain nurse

bear a grudge

entertain interesting notions

harbor a resentment

上位: experience, feel

cause to stop; ;

同义词集: halt hold arrest

Halt the engines

Arrest the progress

halt the presses

上位: stop

have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; ;

同义词集: have have got hold

She has $1,000 in the bank

He has got two beautiful daughters

She holds a Master's degree from Harvard

下位: bear, carry, exert, hold on, keep, maintain, stock, stockpile, sustain, wield

secure and keep for possible future use or application;

同义词集: retain hold keep back hold back

The landlord retained the security deposit

I reserve the right to disagree

上位: hold on, keep

have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices;

同义词集: bear hold

She bears the title of Duchess

He held the governorship for almost a decade

上位: have, have got

take and maintain control over, often by violent means

同义词集: hold

The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week

上位: command, control

keep from departing;

同义词集: hold

Hold the taxi

Hold the horse

上位: keep, prevent

arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance; ;

同义词集: reserve hold book

reserve me a seat on a flight

The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family

please hold a table at Maxim's

上位: ask for, bespeak, call for, quest, request 下位: hold open, keep, keep open, save

lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; ; ;

同义词集: control hold in hold contain check curb moderate

moderate your alcohol intake

hold your tongue

hold your temper

control your anger

上位: hold back, keep, keep back, restrain 下位: abnegate, bate, catch, conquer, counteract, countercheck, crucify, damp, deny, mortify, stamp down, subdue, suppress, thermostat, train

stop dealing with

同义词集: hold

hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting

上位: defer, hold over, postpone, prorogue, put off, put over, remit, set back, shelve, table

be valid, applicable, or true

同义词集: prevail hold obtain

This theory still holds

上位: be, exist

be pertinent or relevant or applicable; ;

同义词集: apply hold go for

The same laws apply to you!

This theory holds for all irrational numbers

The same rules go for everyone

上位: bear on, come to, concern, have to do with, pertain, refer, relate, touch, touch on

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., `keep clean'; ;

同义词集: keep maintain hold

hold in place

She always held herself as a lady

The students keep me on my toes

下位: bear on, carry on, conserve, continue, distance, preserve, uphold 参见: arrest, avoid, check, contain, delay, detain, endure, exclude, go, hold back, hold out, hold up, isolate, keep apart, keep down, keep off, keep out, keep up, last, live, live on, number, prolong, resist, sequester, sequestrate, set apart, shut, shut out, stand firm, stop, survive, sustain, turn back, withstand

remain in a certain state, position, or condition;

同义词集: hold

The weather held

They held on the road and kept marching

上位: continue, go along, go on, keep, proceed

contain or hold; have within; ;

同义词集: hold bear carry contain

The jar carries wine

The canteen holds fresh water

This can contains water

上位: include 下位: confine, enclose, hold in, retain

be capable of holding or containing;

同义词集: contain take hold

This box won't take all the items

The flask holds one gallon

上位: be

resist or confront with resistance; ;

同义词集: defy withstand hold hold up

The politician defied public opinion

The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear

The bridge held

上位: hold out, resist, stand firm, withstand 下位: brave, brave out, endure, weather

have room for; hold without crowding; ;

同义词集: accommodate hold admit

This hotel can accommodate 250 guests

The theater admits 300 people

The auditorium can't hold more than 500 people

下位: house, seat, sleep

have as a major characteristic;

同义词集: hold

The novel holds many surprises

The book holds in store much valuable advise

上位: be

the space in a ship or aircraft for storing cargo

同义词集: cargo area cargo deck cargo hold hold storage area

上位: enclosure

the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it;

同义词集: handle grip handgrip hold

he grabbed the hammer by the handle

it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip

上位: appendage 下位: crop, gunstock, hilt, knob, panhandle, stock

a cell in a jail or prison

同义词集: hold keep

上位: cell, jail cell, prison cell

a stronghold

同义词集: hold

上位: fastness, stronghold

power by which something or someone is affected or dominated

同义词集: hold

he has a hold over them

上位: control

understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something

同义词集: appreciation grasp hold

he has a good grasp of accounting practices

上位: apprehension, discernment, savvy, understanding 下位: sense

a state of being confined (usually for a short time); ;

同义词集: detention detainment hold custody

his detention was politically motivated

the prisoner is on hold

he is in the custody of police

上位: confinement

time during which some action is awaited;

同义词集: delay hold time lag postponement wait

instant replay caused too long a delay

he ordered a hold in the action

上位: break, intermission, interruption, pause, suspension 下位: extension, moratorium, retardation

🌳 词源

动词及多数名词义源自古英语，核心与“照料、驱赶、掌握”有关；“货舱”这一名词义另与“洞、空腔”有关。形容词义来自表示“友善、忠诚”的另一词源。

Proto-Germanic *haldaną Proto-West Germanic *haldan Old English healdan Middle English holden English hold Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”). Doublet of halt. Cognates *West Frisian hâlde *Low German holden, holen *Dutch houden *German halten *Danish *Norwegian Bokmål holde *Norwegian Nynorsk halda. Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”).

🔄 变式

held past holden archaic holding present holds plural more hold compar most hold superl

🏷 单词标签 & 词根