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hearse

🇺🇸 /hˈɚs/ 🇬🇧 /hɜːs/
noun 编号: H00895 BNC #22040 COCA #20323
名词主要指运送死者去参加葬礼或前往墓地的灵车,也可指葬礼中覆盖棺材的架子、灵柩或抬运遗体的担架等较旧用法;动词是“把人放入墓中”,现已过时。
💡 记忆钩子
把它想成“围绕棺材、送棺材去安葬的东西”:最常见的是装着棺材上路的灵车,也可以延伸到葬礼上罩在棺材外的架子、抬棺材的担架,甚至古旧地直接指墓或棺材;作动词时,就是把死者安放进这样的葬具或墓中。
📝 学习建议
  • 优先记住“灵车”这一现代常用义;其他名词义多见于文学、历史或葬礼语境。
  • 不要把它泛泛理解成普通的“车”,它专指运送死者的车辆。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • rare 葬礼罩棺架
    📖 指葬礼中架在棺材或墓上、覆盖着棺布的木制或金属结构;有时也指教堂里临时搭起、用于安放棺材并悬挂蜡烛的罩棚。这是较旧的用法。
  • rare 墓或棺材
    📖 在古旧或文学语境中,它可以直接指墓、棺材或墓葬纪念物,重点仍是“安放死者的地方或容器”。
  • common 抬运遗体的担架
    📖 指把死者抬到墓地去的抬架或担架;它和现代灵车一样,都承担“把死者送去安葬”的功能,但更常出现在较旧的叙述中。
    💡 常用于历史或文学描写,通常与表示抬、放下、搬运的动词连用。现代语境下说运送死者的车辆时,不要优先使用这个义项;若上下文明确提到人手搬运,才理解为担架或抬架。
    The bearers carried the hearse slowly toward the cemetery.
    抬运遗体的人慢慢把担架抬向墓地。
  • core 灵车
    📖 指专门用来把死者及其棺材送往葬礼地点或墓地的车辆。这是现代最重要、最容易在新闻和日常叙述中遇到的意思。
    💡 常见模式是“a hearse carries/takes/drives...”或“the hearse arrived”;它通常指一辆具体的车,所以可以和不定冠词或数词连用。不要把它用于普通货车或救护车,也不要误解为“葬礼本身”。
    The hearse arrived at the church just before the funeral began.
    葬礼开始前,灵车到了教堂。
    A hearse carried the coffin from the church to the cemetery.
    一辆灵车把棺材从教堂运到了墓地。
hearses plural
verb
  • rare 安葬
    📖 指把死者放进棺材、墓穴或墓中,使其入葬;这是名词“葬具或灵车”意义向“进行安葬”延伸出的古旧动词用法。
    dated
hearses present,singular,third-person hearsing participle,present hearsed participle,past hearsed past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 1 组
a vehicle for carrying a coffin to a church or a cemetery; formerly drawn by horses but now usually a motor vehicle
同义词集: hearse
🌳 词源
词源与表示“带刺、毛刺”的古词有关,可能联想到早期葬礼器具上尖齿状的结构;它与英语中的 hirsute 同源。
From Middle English herse, hers, herce, from Old French herce in the sense "triangular framework used to support candles". Ultimately the same word as Old French herce (“harrow”), from Latin *herpicem, accusative singular of *herpex, a variant form of hirpex (“harrow”). The agricultural device's name comes from Oscan hirpus (“wolf”), a reference to a harrow's many teeth. The term for wolf may ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“stiff, rigid, bristled”). The Oscan term is related to Latin hīrsūtus (“bristly, shaggy”), whence English hirsute. The TLFi considers the "framework to support candles" sense of the French word to be derived more specifically from Medieval Latin hercia; in any case, this is ultimately from the same source. (Du Cange sees in hercia a contraction of an extended form *herpicia. It may instead simply be a Latinization of Old French herce.) Doublet of herse (“kind of gate”).
🔄 变式
hearsed past hearses plural hearsing present
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