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have

★★★★★

🇺🇸 /hˈæv/ 🇬🇧 /ˈhæv/

noun 编号: H00739 牛津3000 BNC #8 COCA #8

have 最基本的意思是“拥有、具有”，也可表示包含、经历、进行或吃喝；它还常作助动词构成完成时，并出现在许多固定结构中。作名词时可指有钱或有特权的人，也可指欺骗或骗局。

💡 记忆钩子

把 have 记成“手里有、身上有、经历着”：手里有东西是“拥有”，事物里面有成分是“包含”，身上有经历或状况是“经历”；再把这种“已经有了”的感觉延伸为完成时助动词。

📝 学习建议

先掌握动词“拥有、具有”和助动词用法，再学习“经历、进行、吃喝”等由语境扩展出的意思。
have 不总是表示占有；在表示疾病、经历、活动或饮食时，应结合后面的名词理解。
注意区分 have 与 have to：后者表示“必须”。
作名词时，have 可指富裕或有特权的人；另一个词源下还可指“骗局”，不要只按动词理解。

📖 中文释义

noun

common 有钱或有特权的人

📖 指手里有较多财富、资源或社会特权的人，常与 have-not 对比，突出“有”和“没有”的差别。

💡 常见于 “the haves and the have-nots” 或 “a have or a have-not” 这类对比结构中。它通常指一类人，而不是正式称呼某个具体个人；在中性日常表达中，宜根据语境改说“富裕的人”或“有特权的人”。

contrastive usually

The new policy may widen the gap between the haves and the have-nots.

这项新政策可能会扩大有钱人和没有钱的人之间的差距。
rare 拥有某物的人

📖 泛指手里有某种特定事物的人，所拥有的内容必须由上下文确定；这种用法不如表示富裕或特权阶层的用法常见。

uncommon

haves plural

noun

rare 骗局；骗人的东西

📖 指表面上说得很好、实际上是在误导或欺骗别人的事情，相当于把它看成一种“骗局”。

Australia New-Zealand informal

haves plural

verb

core 拥有

📖 表示某人手里有某物，或拥有某种财产、关系和特点，是“手里有”的基本用法。

💡 常用“have + 名词”表示拥有；主语是第三人称单数时用“has”，过去时用“had”。否定和疑问在现代英语中通常用“do/does/did + have”，不要说成“does has”。

transitive

I have a small apartment near the station.

我在车站附近有一套小公寓。

She has two older brothers.

她有两个哥哥。
common 手头有

📖 表示某物目前在某人手中、身边或可供其使用，强调当下的持有状态。

💡 常用“have + 物品”或“have + 物品 + here/with me”等结构。它不一定表示所有权，也可以只是暂时拿着或保管着某物。

transitive

I have your keys right here.

你的钥匙就在我这里。
core 包含

📖 表示某个物体、地方或事物里面有某种部分、成分或特征，是“身上有”的延伸。

💡 常用“整体 + have + 部分、成分或特征”；主语通常是物体、地点或组织。不要机械地把它都译成“拥有”，这里更自然的中文往往是“有、带有、包含”。

transitive

This jacket has a hidden pocket.

这件夹克有一个隐藏口袋。

The soup has a lot of garlic in it.

这汤里有很多大蒜。
common 有某种亲属或关系

📖 表示某人与他人存在特定关系，尤其用于说明家庭成员或亲属数量。

💡 常用“have + 数量 + 关系名词”，如表示兄弟姐妹、孩子或朋友。这里通常不强调拥有，而是说明某种关系存在。

transitive

They have three children.

他们有三个孩子。
common 吃喝

📖 表示食用或饮用某种东西，尤其常用于一餐、饮料或少量食物。

💡 常用“have + breakfast/lunch/dinner/coffee”等搭配，也可接具体食物。表示正在吃喝时用“be having”，不要只按“拥有”来理解。

transitive

We usually have coffee after lunch.

我们通常午饭后喝咖啡。
common 进行或做

📖 表示进行一次活动、动作或短暂的体验，例如看一看、休息或谈话。

💡 常用“have + a look/break/chat/try”等固定搭配；有些搭配中的冠词不能随意省略。它强调参加或进行活动，不表示拥有该活动。

transitive

Can I have a look at your notes?

我可以看一眼你的笔记吗？
common 有安排

📖 表示某人在某个时间被安排参加课程、会议、工作或其他活动。

💡 常用“have + 课程、会议、预约或活动”；时间状语常放在句末。这里的 have 表示日程中“有安排”，不表示拥有。

transitive

I have a dentist appointment this afternoon.

我今天下午有牙医预约。
core 经历

📖 表示经历某段时期、事件或处境，即“身上经历着”某种事情。

💡 常用“have + a/an + 经历或事件名词”，也可接表示困难、问题或时期的名词。过去经历用“had”，不要误解为现在仍然拥有某件东西。

transitive

We had a wonderful time at the beach.

我们在海边玩得很开心。

She had a difficult experience at her first job.

她在第一份工作中经历了一段艰难时期。
common 患有

📖 表示身体患有疾病，或受到某种健康问题的影响。

💡 常用“have + 疾病或症状名词”；表示当下状态时用现在时，过去患过则用“had”。对于短暂疾病，英语常说“have a cold”，但不可把所有身体感觉都直接套用这一结构。

transitive

I have a bad headache today.

我今天头很痛。
core 构成完成时

📖 作助动词时，have 表示某件事已经发生并与相关时间或现在状态相连，用来构成完成时。

💡 使用“have/has/had + 过去分词”：现在完成时用 have/has，过去完成时用 had。不要在 have 后接动词原形，也不要把助动词 have 和表示拥有的 have 混为一谈。

auxiliary with-past-participle

I have already finished the report.

我已经完成报告了。

They had left before we arrived.

我们到达之前，他们已经离开了。
common 反意疑问句中的助动词

📖 在反意疑问句中，have 用来呼应前面完成时中的助动词，确认对方是否同意前面的说法。

💡 前句为肯定完成时，后面的附加问句通常用否定形式；前句为否定，则用肯定形式。主语和时态必须与前句保持一致。

You have seen this film before, haven't you?

你以前看过这部电影，对吧？
common 必须

📖 在“have to”结构中表示由于规定、情况或需要而必须做某事。

💡 使用“have/has/had to + 动词原形”；否定通常是“don't/doesn't/didn't have to”，表示“不必”，不是“禁止”。不要把它和 must 的否定意义直接等同。

auxiliary with-infinitive with-to

I have to leave early tomorrow.

我明天必须早点离开。
common 生育

📖 表示生下孩子，或泛指生育、拥有孩子这一家庭经历。

💡 “have a baby/children”既可谈生育，也可谈有孩子，具体含义由上下文决定。谈论个人情况时应注意语境和礼貌，避免把它当成无关紧要的询问。

transitive

They had their first child last spring.

他们去年春天生了第一个孩子。
rare 获得

📖 表示得到某物，通常出现在被动结构中，强调某物可以被取得或买到。

💡 常见形式是“can be had”，语气较旧或较书面；日常英语通常用“obtain、get”或“buy”。不要把这个用法和普通的拥有义混为一谈。

informal passive usually
rare 与某人发生性关系

📖 在非正式语境中可委婉或粗俗地表示与某人发生性关系。

💡 通常用“have + 人”或被动结构；这个用法语气可能粗俗、物化他人，只适合理解特定语境。正式或临床表达应使用更明确、中性的说法。

transitive
rare 接受为伴侣

📖 表示接受某人作为恋爱或婚姻伴侣，常带有旧式或文学色彩。

💡 常见于较旧的表达或否定句“would not have someone”；现代日常英语通常说“accept someone as a partner”或“date someone”。不要把它和表示拥有的 have 直译等同。

transitive
common 让某人做某事

📖 表示通过命令、请求或邀请使某人去做某事。

💡 常用“have + 人 + 动词原形”，不用带 to 的不定式。它可表示安排或请求，强弱取决于上下文；若接过去分词，则常表示让别人完成某事。

transitive with-infinitive

I had my assistant send the documents.

我让助理把文件发了出去。
common 使某人处于某状态

📖 表示使某人或某物进入某种状态，尤其用于安排某事发生或导致某种结果。

💡 常用“have + 人或物 + 过去分词/形容词”；接过去分词时常表示请别人完成某事或使某事被处理。要根据后面的成分判断是“让……做”还是“使……处于……状态”。

transitive with-adjective

The police had him arrested for trespassing.

警方因他擅闯而将他逮捕。
rare 使某事发生

📖 表示某个事件影响了主语，或主语经历了某人做某事这一情况。

💡 结构是“have + 名词或代词 + 动词原形”，常用于叙述某种结果或遭遇。这个结构较正式，日常表达中常改用更明确的“make、cause”或完整从句。

transitive with-infinitive
rare 描述为

📖 表示在叙述、记录或说法中把某人或某事描写成处于某种状态或位置。

💡 常用“have + 人或物 + 形容词、介词短语”等结构，较常见于报道、叙事或正式说明。它表达的是叙述内容，不一定说明事实确实如此。

transitive with-adjective
rare 击败

📖 在英国俚语中表示在打斗或竞争中击败对方。

💡 这是英国非正式俚语，不能用于正式场合，也不适合按普通“拥有”义理解。现代日常英语通常用“beat”或“defeat”。

British slang transitive
rare 惩罚

📖 在英国俚语中表示对某人进行惩罚或报复。

💡 这是英国俚语用法，常带威胁或强烈语气；正式表达应使用“punish”或“take action against”。不要在一般写作中使用。

British slang transitive
rare 会说某种语言

📖 在过时或地区性用法中表示能够说某种语言。

💡 现代英语通常说“speak + 语言”，而不是用 have 表示会说。这个用法在爱尔兰英语之外尤其显得过时，因此学习者不应主动套用。

transitive
rare 感到疼痛或明显察觉

📖 表示明显感受到某种身体不适，尤其是运动或劳累后的疼痛。

💡 常用“have + 身体部位 + today”等结构，属于非正式表达；正式或清楚的说法通常是“feel pain in”或“have pain in”。不要把它理解成单纯拥有某个身体部位。

transitive
common 被骗

📖 在非正式表达中表示被欺骗或被人占了便宜，常见于被动形式。

💡 常用“be had”或“have been had”，不能按普通拥有义翻译。这个表达很口语，正式场合可用“be deceived”或“be defrauded”。

informal often passive transitive

I paid for the tickets, but they never arrived—I think I was had.

我付了票钱，但票一直没到——我觉得自己被骗了。
common 容忍或允许

📖 在特定结构中表示允许某种行为继续，或容忍某事发生。

💡 常见于进行时，尤其是“be having none of it”，表示完全不接受、不容忍某事。它通常带有明确态度，不只是中性的“允许”。

transitive

The manager isn't having any more delays.

经理不再容忍任何拖延了。
common 相信或上当

📖 表示相信某个说法或被某种借口、骗局蒙骗，常用于否定结构。

💡 常见表达是“not have it”或“not be having it”，表示不相信、不接受某种解释。这个用法很口语，正式表达可用“believe”或“accept the explanation”。

often transitive

She didn't have his excuse for missing the meeting.

她不相信他没参加会议的借口。
common 接待或留宿

📖 表示接待某人、邀请某人来家里，或让某人作为客人暂住。

💡 常用“have + 人 + over/stay”或感谢别人接待时说“Thank you for having me”。这里的 have 表示把人当作客人接待，不表示拥有某人。

transitive

We're having some friends over for dinner tonight.

我们今晚请几个朋友来家里吃饭。
common 得到读数或结果

📖 表示从仪器测量或计算中得到某个数值、答案或结果，也就是“手里得到一个结果”。

💡 常用结构是 “have + 数值/答案/结果”，也可说 “What do you have for...?” 来询问某题或某项计算得出了什么。这个用法常见于测量、计算和解题语境；不要误解为单纯表示长期拥有某个数字。

transitive

What do you have for the final answer?

你最后算出的答案是什么？
common 接手审理案件

📖 在法律语境中，表示法院或陪审团已经接手一个案件，可以开始审议并作出决定。这里的“有”是“案件到了手上、由其处理”的意思。

💡 常用结构是 “the jury/court will have the case”，后面接案件；它强调案件已交由某方审理，不等于一般意义上的“拥有案件”。这一用法偏正式，常见于庭审报道或法律文件。

transitive

The jury will have the case after the lawyers finish their arguments.

律师陈述完毕后，陪审团将接手审理这起案件。
rare 观察到某种鸟

📖 在观鸟语境中，表示当天观察到某种鸟，常用于记录观鸟成果。

transitive
common 吸引住注意力

📖 表示某人或某事完全吸引了另一个人的注意力或兴趣，使对方专注其中；可以把它理解为“把对方的注意力抓到手里”。

💡 常用结构是 “have + 人 + attention/interest” 或 “have + 人”，后者表示牢牢吸引住某人。它通常描述强烈或持续的吸引，不要与表示“帮助某人注意”的使役结构混淆。

transitive

The speaker had everyone’s attention within minutes.

几分钟内，演讲者就吸引了所有人的注意力。
common 理解了

📖 表示理解某个意思、答案或要点，相当于“明白了”；这里可以把理解看作已经“拿到手”的东西。

💡 常见表达是 “I have it” 或 “Now I have it”，用于表示终于理解了某事；也可在上下文明确时单独说 “I have it”。不要把它理解成拥有一个具体物品，也不要用它替代所有表示“理解”的正式说法。

transitive

I read the instructions again, and now I have it.

我又读了一遍说明，现在明白了。

has present,singular,third-person having participle,present had participle,past had past have first-person,present,singular had first-person,past,singular have present,second-person,singular hast archaic,present,second-person,singular had past,second-person,singular hadst archaic,past,second-person,singular have dialectal,present,singular,third-person hath archaic,present,singular,third-person had past,singular,third-person have plural,present had past,plural have present,subjunctive had past,subjunctive have imperative,present - imperative,past haveing archaic,participle,present

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 20 组

cause to be born

同义词集: give birth deliver bear birth have

My wife had twins yesterday!

上位: bring forth, produce 下位: bear, carry, cub, drop, expect, farrow, fawn, foal, gestate, have a bun in the oven, kitten, lamb, litter, pig, pup, twin, whelp

suffer from; be ill with

同义词集: have

She has arthritis

上位: hurt, suffer

undergo (as of injuries and illnesses); ; ;

同义词集: suffer sustain have get

She suffered a fracture in the accident

He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars

She got a bruise on her leg

He got his arm broken in the scuffle

上位: experience, get, receive 下位: break down, break up, collapse, crack, crack up, cramp, crock up

cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition; ;

同义词集: get let have

He got his squad on the ball

This let me in for a big surprise

He got a girl into trouble

上位: get, make

undergo

同义词集: have experience

The stocks had a fast run-up

上位: change 下位: encounter, meet, receive

cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; ;

同义词集: induce stimulate cause have get make

The ads induced me to buy a VCR

My children finally got me to buy a computer

My wife made me buy a new sofa

下位: bring, compel, decide, encourage, inspire, instigate, lead, let, obligate, oblige, persuade, prompt, solicit

serve oneself to, or consume regularly;

同义词集: consume ingest take in take have

Have another bowl of chicken soup!

I don't take sugar in my coffee

反义: abstain, desist, refrain 下位: booze, drink, eat, feed, fill, fuddle, habituate, hit the bottle, imbibe, partake, replete, sample, sate, satiate, sup, taste, touch, try, try out, use

have sex with; archaic use

同义词集: take have

He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

上位: bang, be intimate, bed, bonk, do it, eff, fuck, get it on, get laid, have a go at it, have intercourse, have it away, have it off, have sex, hump, jazz, know, lie with, love, make love, make out, roll in the hay, screw, sleep together, sleep with

organize or be responsible for; ;

同义词集: hold throw have make give

hold a reception

have, throw, or make a party

give a course

上位: direct

go through (mental or physical states or experiences); ; ; ;

同义词集: experience receive have get

get an idea

experience vertigo

get nauseous

receive injuries

have a feeling

上位: undergo 下位: get, suffer, sustain, take

have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; ;

同义词集: have have got hold

She has $1,000 in the bank

He has got two beautiful daughters

She holds a Master's degree from Harvard

下位: bear, carry, exert, hold, hold on, keep, maintain, stock, stockpile, sustain, wield

have ownership or possession of;

同义词集: own have possess

He owns three houses in Florida

How many cars does she have?

have left; ;

同义词集: have

I have two years left

I don't have any money left

They have two more years before they retire

下位: leave

get something; come into possession of; ;

同义词集: receive have

receive payment

receive a gift

receive letters from the front

上位: acquire, get 下位: accept, fence, graduate, hustle, inherit

receive willingly something given or offered; ;

同义词集: accept take have

The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter

I won't have this dog in my house!

Please accept my present

反义: decline, pass up, refuse, reject, turn down 上位: acquire, get 下位: accept, admit, adopt, borrow, honor, honour, take, take on, take over, take up, welcome 参见: absorb, accept, adopt, assume, bear, borrow, take over, take up

achieve a point or goal; ;

同义词集: have get make

Nicklaus had a 70

The Brazilian team got 4 goals

She made 29 points that day

上位: hit, rack up, score, tally

have a personal or business relationship with someone; ;

同义词集: have

have a postdoc

have an assistant

have a lover

上位: interact

have as a feature

同义词集: have feature

This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France

反义: lack, miss 下位: abound, bear, boast, brim, bristle, burst, carry, combine, feature, imply, involve, pack, possess, read, say, sport, star, take, unite, wear

be confronted with;

同义词集: have

What do we have here?

Now we have a fine mess

a person who possesses great material wealth

同义词集: rich person wealthy person have

上位: individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul 下位: affluent, billionaire, millionaire

🌳 词源

动词 have 源自古英语，最初与“拥有”及“拿取、抓住”有关；名词“骗局”来自短语 have on。

substratebor.? Proto-Indo-European *kap-der. Proto-Germanic *habjaną Proto-West Germanic *habbjan Old English habban Middle English haven English have From Middle English haven, from Old English habban (“to have”), from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have”), durative of *habjaną (“to lift, take up”), from Proto-Indo-European *kapyéti, an imperfective formation to the root *kap- (“to take, seize, catch”). Related to heave. Since there is no common Indo-European root for a transitive possessive verb have (notice that Latin habeō is not etymologically related to English have), Proto-Indo-European probably lacked the have structure. Instead, the third person forms of be were used, with the possessor in dative case, compare Latin mihi est / sunt, literally to me is / are. The nonstandard etymology 1, verb sense 34 (“to be (an age)”) is a semantic loan from other languages’ term for “to possess, own”, such as French avoir, Polish mieć, and Spanish tener. Cognates Cognate with Scots hae (“to have”), North Frisian haa, heewe (“to have”), Saterland Frisian häbe, hääbe (“to have”), West Frisian hawwe (“to have”), Afrikaans hê (“to have”), Alemannic German haa, heen, hoh, hä, häbä, hè (“to have”), Bavarian hobm, hobn, hoom, håbn (“to have”), Cimbrian haban, hen, håm (“to have”), Dutch and Low German hebben (“to have”), German haben (“to have”), Limburgish haane, höbbe (“to have”), Luxembourgish hunn (“to have”), Mòcheno hom (“to have”), Vilamovian hon (“to have”), Yiddish האָבן (hobn, “to have”), Danish have (“to have”), Elfdalian åvå (“to have”), Faroese hava (“to have”), Icelandic hafa (“to have”), Norwegian Bokmål ha (“to have”), Norwegian Nynorsk ha, hava, have, hå (“to have”), Swedish ha, hafva, hava (“to have”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban, “to have”), Albanian kap (“to grab, catch, grip”), Latin capiō (“take”, verb), Russian хапать (xapatʹ, “to seize”).

🔄 变式

- imperat had 1st_sg hadst archaic has present hast archaic hath archaic haveing archaic haves plural having present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根