hate

hate既可以表示强烈的厌恶或仇恨，也可以指令人厌恶的对象；作动词时表示非常不喜欢或憎恨，网络上还可表示攻击、嘲讽某人。

💡 记忆钩子

把hate想成一种强烈到会把人或事推开的情绪：情绪本身是“仇恨”，引发这种情绪的人或事就是“讨厌的对象”；动词则是“憎恨、非常不喜欢”，在网络上对某人“hate on”就是把这种敌意公开发出来。

📝 学习建议

先掌握作动词的核心用法“非常不喜欢、憎恨”，再学习名词“仇恨”和“令人讨厌的对象”。
不要把hate只理解成轻微的“不喜欢”；它通常语气很强，不过日常口语中也常用于夸张表达。
名词hate既能指抽象的仇恨，也能指具体的讨厌对象，要根据上下文判断。

📖 中文释义

noun

core 讨厌的对象

📖 指一个人特别讨厌的人、事或行为，也就是会引起强烈厌恶的对象。

💡 常见结构是“one of my hates is ...”或“a pet hate”，后面接具体的人、事或行为。这里的名词可以数，表示一个个具体的讨厌对象；“pet hate”尤其常指个人特别反感的小事。不要把它误解为“被讨厌的感觉”，那通常是另一个名词义。

countable uncountable

One of my biggest hates is being interrupted.

我最讨厌的事情之一就是被人打断。
core 仇恨

📖 指强烈的敌意或憎恨这种情绪本身，是把人或事推开的那种强烈感受。

💡 常见结构是“hate for someone”或“filled with hate”。表示抽象情绪时通常不可数，但在谈不同的仇恨或具体表现时也可能用可数形式。它比普通的“不喜欢”更强，正式语境中也可以描述社会或群体之间的敌意。

countable uncountable

His voice was full of hate when he spoke about the betrayal.

他谈到那次背叛时，声音里充满了仇恨。

Years of hate divided the two families.

多年的仇恨使两个家庭彼此分裂。
common 网络攻击和恶意评论

📖 在网络语境中，hate可以指针对某人或某内容的辱骂、恶意批评等敌意表达，是“仇恨”在评论区里的具体表现。

💡 常见结构是“get/receive a lot of hate”或“hate in the comments”。这个用法常见于互联网和媒体语境，通常不可数，但也可以指一条条恶意评论。不要把普通的不同意见都叫作hate；它通常带有攻击性或偏见色彩。

Internet countable metonymically uncountable

The singer received a lot of hate after the interview.

那位歌手在采访后遭到了很多网络攻击。
common 偏见和仇视

📖 指针对某个群体的仇视、歧视或偏见，是把个人敌意扩大到群体层面的表现。

💡 常见结构是“hate against a group”以及“hate speech”。这个用法多见于新闻、公共政策和社会议题讨论，通常不可数。不要把它泛泛理解为任何强烈情绪；这里通常涉及对群体的敌视或歧视。

countable metonymically uncountable

The law was designed to protect people from hate.

这项法律旨在保护人们免受仇视和歧视。

hates plural

verb

core 非常不喜欢；憎恨

📖 表示对某人、某物或某种行为有强烈厌恶，是“把它推开”的动作化表达。

💡 常见结构是“hate someone/something”以及“hate doing something”。后面接动作时通常用动名词，不说“hate to doing”；也可以用“hate to do”表示不情愿做某事，尤其用于礼貌地表达遗憾。根据上下文，它既可以是认真憎恨，也可以只是口语中的夸张抱怨。

transitive

I hate waiting in long lines.

我讨厌排很长的队。

She hates dishonest people.

她憎恨不诚实的人。
common 感到仇恨

📖 强调主语处在仇恨这种强烈情绪中，而不是明确说明憎恨的对象。

💡 这个用法通常不带宾语，常见于“hate with all one's heart”一类表达。现代英语里更常直接说“hate someone/something”，所以单独使用时往往需要上下文。不要因为它没有宾语就把它理解成“讨厌某个未说明的东西”；重点是情绪本身。

intransitive

He had been hurt so deeply that he learned to hate.

他受伤太深，后来竟学会了仇恨。
common 在网上攻击或嘲讽

📖 在非正式网络用语中，hate on某人就是公开挑剔、嘲讽或攻击对方，不一定表示真正持久的仇恨。

💡 常见结构是“hate on someone”或“don't hate on me”。这是非正式、带网络色彩的短语动词，不能在正式写作中随意替代普通的hate。它通常强调公开表达负面态度，语气有时是半开玩笑的。

informal slang

Don't hate on me just because I like pineapple on pizza.

别因为我喜欢在披萨上放菠萝就嘲讽我。

hates present,singular,third-person hating participle,present hated participle,past hated past hate first-person,present,singular hated first-person,past,singular hate present,second-person,singular hatest archaic,present,second-person,singular hated past,second-person,singular hatedst archaic,past,second-person,singular hateth archaic,present,singular,third-person hated past,singular,third-person hate plural,present hated past,plural hate present,subjunctive hated past,subjunctive hate imperative,present - imperative,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 2 组

dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards;

同义词集: hate detest

I hate Mexican food

She detests politicians

反义: love 上位: dislike 下位: abhor, abominate, contemn, despise, disdain, execrate, loathe, scorn

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

同义词集: hate hatred

反义: love 上位: emotion 下位: abhorrence, abomination, detestation, enmity, execration, hostility, ill will, loathing, misogynism, misogyny, odium

🌳 词源

hate来自古英语和古诺尔斯语中表示“仇恨、憎恨”的词，名词和动词都源于同一词根。

From Middle English haate, hat, hate (noun), probably from Old English hatian (“to hate”, verb) and/or Old Norse hatr (“hate”, noun). Merged with Middle English het, hete (“hate”), from Old English hete, from Proto-West Germanic *hati, from Proto-Germanic *hataz (“hate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- (“angriness, hatred”). Cognates Cognate with Dutch haat (“hatred”), German Hass, Haß (“hate, hatred”), Luxembourgish Haass (“hate, hatred”), Vilamovian hās (“hate, hatred”), Yiddish האַס (has, “hatred”), Danish had (“hate, hatred”), Faroese and Icelandic hatur (“hatred, spite, aversion”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish hat (“hate, hatred”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis, “hate, wrath”); also Breton and Cornish kas (“hatred”), Old Irish miscuis (“hatred”), Welsh cas (“hatred”), Oscan 𐌊𐌀𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌔 (kadeís, “enmity”), Ancient Greek κῆδος (kêdos, “care for others; troubles; mourning”), Sanskrit रि॒शाद॑स् (riśā́das, “benign or devouring or destroying enemies”). The verb is from Middle English haate, hate, haten, hatenn, hatien, hatiȝen, hatye, hatyn, heatien, from Old English hatian (“to hate, treat as an enemy”), from Proto-West Germanic *hatēn, from Proto-Germanic *hatāną (“to hate”), from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from the same root as above. Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian hoatje (“to hate”), West Frisian haatsje (“to hate”), Cimbrian haazan (“to hate”), Dutch haten (“to hate”), German hassen (“to hate”), Luxembourgish haassen (“to hate”), Yiddish האַסן (hasn, “to hate”), Danish hade (“to hate”), Icelandic, Faroese, and Swedish hata (“to hate”), Norwegian Bokmål hate (“to hate”), Norwegian Nynorsk hata, hate (“to hate”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽 (hatan, “to hate”).

🔄 变式

- imperat hated 1st_sg hatedst archaic hates plural hatest archaic hateth archaic hating present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根