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grim
★★
🇺🇸 /ɡɹˈɪm/
🇬🇧 /ɡɹɪm/
grim 主要表示阴沉、令人不安或冷酷严厉的;也可表示以冷硬态度坚持不懈。它还可作英语姓氏,并有少数过时或俚语用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把 grim 想成一张被乌云和寒气笼罩的冷硬面孔:环境可以阴沉得令人不安,城堡或气氛可以阴森可怕,人也可以带着这种冷硬表情咬牙坚持;在非正式语境中,这种令人反感的感觉还会引申为“恶心、糟糕”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握形容词的“阴沉、严峻、令人不安”和“冷硬地坚持”两个核心意思;不要只把它记成“严肃”或“悲伤”。
- 它不是普通的“灰色”或单纯的“心情不好”,通常带有令人不安、艰苦或冷酷的感觉。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 阴沉严峻的📖 形容环境、生活或前景阴沉、艰苦而缺乏希望,常让人感到寒冷或压抑。这是把“冷硬的乌云”用于现实处境。💡 常用“grim reality”“grim prospects”或“life is grim”这样的结构。它强调处境本身严峻、令人沮丧,不只是说人暂时心情不好。不要把它当作中性的“严肃”来使用。The workers faced a grim future after the factory closed.工厂关闭后,工人们面临着黯淡而艰难的未来。
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core 冷硬而不屈的📖 形容态度、决心或表情坚定得近乎冷酷,表示不退让、不放松。这是同一张冷硬面孔从“阴沉”转向“咬牙坚持”。💡 常见搭配是“grim determination”“grim resolve”,也可说“a grim smile”。它通常修饰坚持困难目标时的坚决态度,并不等于积极、轻松或热情的决心。With grim determination, she continued the climb through the storm.她带着冷硬而不屈的决心,在暴风雨中继续攀登。
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common 阴森可怕的📖 形容建筑、景象、气氛或故事带有阴森、凶险的感觉,仿佛背后隐藏着不祥的事情。💡 常用“grim castle”“grim scene”“grim atmosphere”等结构。这里强调的是外观或气氛带来的恐怖和不祥,不一定表示现实情况真的悲惨;“scary”更口语、更直接。A grim old house stood alone at the edge of the woods.树林边上孤零零地矗立着一座阴森的老房子。
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common 恶心糟糕的📖 在非正式口语中,表示某事物令人反感、恶心或糟糕透顶。这是把“令人不安的冷硬感觉”进一步用于令人作呕的东西。💡 常见于感叹句“That's grim!”或“pretty grim”,用于看到脏东西、恶心的场面或糟糕的状况时。这个意思很口语,正式写作中不宜用它替代“disgusting”或“unpleasant”。There was grim food stuck to the bottom of the old oven.旧烤箱底部粘着一层恶心的食物残渣。
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rare 凶狠残酷的📖 过时用法,形容人或行为凶狠、残酷或暴怒,可看作“冷硬面孔”发展出的更强烈含义。💡 这一义项主要出现在旧文本或历史语境中,现代英语通常不用它表达单纯的愤怒。现代读者看到它时,往往会优先理解为“阴沉、严峻或阴森”。obsolete
grimmer
comparative
grimmest
superlative
name
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common 英语姓氏📖 用作英语姓氏,表示一个人的家族姓氏,而不是在句中描述其性格或外貌。💡 常见结构是“名字 + Grim”,如某人的名字后接这个姓。作为专名要大写;看到大写的“Grim”出现在人名位置时,不要自动理解成“阴森的”。Dr. Grim will speak at the meeting this afternoon.格里姆博士今天下午将在会议上发言。
noun
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rare 滥交的女性📖 过时且带冒犯性的俚语,指被说成性关系混乱的女性;这是特定社会方言中的贬称,不是普通英语名词。💡 若出现在相关歌词或街头俚语中,通常采用“a grim”这样的名词结构。它既不礼貌也不适合泛指女性,不能因为拼写与形容词相同就把它理解成“阴森的人”。Multicultural-London-English dated slang
grims
plural
noun
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rare 愤怒📖 过时名词,表示强烈的愤怒或怒火,可看作“低沉咆哮般的冷硬情绪”。💡 现代英语通常使用“anger”或“wrath”,而不是把“grim”单独当作“愤怒”。这一义项只适合阅读古旧或历史材料时识别。countable obsolete uncountable
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rare 幽灵📖 过时名词,指幽灵、鬼魂或徘徊的灵体,与阴森可怕的核心感觉相连。💡 现代英语中通常用“ghost”或“spirit”,不会在普通对话中用“grim”表达幽灵。它可能出现在古老传说、方言或文学文本里。countable obsolete uncountable
grims
plural
verb
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rare 使变得阴沉严厉📖 罕见地表示使脸、外表或场景显得严厉、阴沉或令人畏惧,即把“冷硬的面孔”施加到某物上。💡 多见于“grim the face”一类的及物结构,但现代英语中很不自然。学习者只需在旧文本中识别这一用法,不要用它替代常见的“make ... grim”或“make ... look stern”。rare transitive
grims
present,singular,third-person
grimming
participle,present
grimmed
participle,past
grimmed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
shockingly repellent; inspiring horror; ; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
ghastly
grim
grisly
gruesome
macabre
sick
ghastly wounds
the grim aftermath of the bombing
the grim task of burying the victims
a grisly murder
gruesome evidence of human sacrifice
macabre tales of war and plague in the Middle ages
macabre tortures conceived by madmen
近似: alarming
causing dejection; ; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
blue
dark
dingy
disconsolate
dismal
gloomy
grim
sorry
drab
drear
dreary
a blue day
the dark days of the war
a week of rainy depressing weather
a disconsolate winter landscape
the first dismal dispiriting days of November
a dark gloomy day
grim rainy weather
近似: cheerless, depressing, uncheerful
filled with melancholy and despondency; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
gloomy
grim
blue
depressed
dispirited
down(p)
downcast
downhearted
down in the mouth
low
low-spirited
gloomy at the thought of what he had to face
gloomy predictions
a gloomy silence
took a grim view of the economy
the darkening mood
lonely and blue in a strange city
depressed by the loss of his job
a dispirited and resigned expression on her face
downcast after his defeat
feeling discouraged and downhearted
近似: dejected
not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty; ; ; ;
同义词集:
grim
inexorable
relentless
stern
unappeasable
unforgiving
unrelenting
grim determination
grim necessity
Russia's final hour, it seemed, approached with inexorable certainty
relentless persecution
the stern demands of parenthood
harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance; ; ; ; - J.M.Barrie
同义词集:
dour
forbidding
grim
a dour, self-sacrificing life
a forbidding scowl
a grim man loving duty more than humanity
undoubtedly the grimmest part of him was his iron claw
近似: unpleasant
harshly ironic or sinister; ; ;
同义词集:
black
grim
mordant
black humor
a grim joke
grim laughter
fun ranging from slapstick clowning ... to savage mordant wit
近似: sarcastic
🌳 词源
形容词和部分名词、动词义项都可追溯到表示轰鸣、咆哮或低沉声音的古词根;姓氏义项可能源自古英语或古诺斯语中“戴面具的人”。
From Middle English grim, grym, greme, from Old English *grimu, *grimmu, grima, from Proto-Germanic *grimmį̄ (“anger, wrath”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”). Cognate with Middle Dutch grimme, Middle High German grimme f (“anger”), modern German Grimm m.
🔄 变式
grimmed
past
grimmer
compar
grimmest
superl
grimming
present
grims
plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根