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grass
★★★
🇺🇸 /ɡɹˈæs/
🇬🇧 [ɡɹ̠ɑːs]
grass主要指“草”,也可指草坪,并引申出大麻、告密者等俚语义;在专名中还可作语言群名称或姓氏。
💡 记忆钩子
先想象一片贴着地面生长的草:它本身是草,铺满地面就是草坪,牲畜可以吃草;由“草地”又引申出走到户外的“接触现实”,而俚语义则另分出“大麻”和“告密者”两条支线。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握植物和草坪这两个基本义,再学习俚语义;“grass”并不总是指普通的草。
- “grass”作“告密者”或“告密”时主要是英国俚语,不要在正式或一般语境中随意使用。
- 表示大麻时是俚语,不能仅凭上下文把所有“grass”都理解成大麻。
📖 中文释义
name
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rare 语言群名称📖 指巴布亚新几内亚的一组语言,是专门的语言学名称。
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rare 姓氏📖 Grass也可以是英语姓氏,出现在人的姓名中。
noun
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core 草;草本植物📖 指禾本科植物,通常有细长的叶子,常成片覆盖地面;这是grass最基本的意思。💡 常用结构是“grass grows”或“a field of grass”,泛指草时通常不加冠词。表示一片具体的草地时,常与“on the grass”或“in the grass”搭配;不要把泛指的草随意说成复数。countable uncountableThe grass is wet after the rain.雨后草地是湿的。Children were playing in the tall grass.孩子们在高高的草丛里玩耍。
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common 类似草的植物📖 也可泛指外形像草、但不一定属于真正禾本科的植物。💡 这种用法多见于植物学或较宽泛的自然描述,常用“a grass”指一种植物。日常谈论普通草时通常不用这个较窄的分类义。countableThis grass has narrow leaves and grows near the river.这种草叶子很窄,生长在河边。
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core 草坪📖 指经过修剪和维护、供庭院或公园使用的草地;也就是“草”铺成的一整片地面。💡 常用结构是“cut the grass”“mow the grass”或“sit on the grass”,这里通常把grass当不可数名词。若强调一块草坪,可用“a patch of grass”或“a lawn”;不要把grass和lawn在所有场合完全等同。uncountableWe sat on the grass and ate lunch.我们坐在草坪上吃午饭。
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common 户外现实生活📖 在“touch grass”中,grass借草地代表现实世界和户外生活,常用来劝人少沉迷网络、出去走走。💡 最常见的结构是“touch grass”,通常是非正式、带调侃意味的网络表达。它不是字面上的触摸草,而是让人回到现实、离开屏幕;不要在正式写作中把它当普通的户外活动表达。uncountableYou have been gaming all day—go touch grass.你已经玩了一整天游戏了,出去接触一下现实吧。
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common 大麻📖 在俚语中指大麻,和普通的草或草坪没有关系,需要由上下文判断。💡 常见结构是“smoke grass”或“buy grass”,属于非正式俚语。正式或需要清楚表达的场合通常使用更明确的正式名称;不要因为看到“grass”就自动理解为大麻。slang uncountableHe was arrested for selling grass at the party.他因在聚会上卖大麻而被捕。
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common 告密者📖 英国俚语中指向警方或当局告密、出卖同伙的人;可以理解为“把团体秘密泄露出去的人”。💡 常见结构是“be a grass”或“grass on someone”,主要是英国非正式俚语。它可以指人,也可以在相关动词用法中表示告密;不要把它用于中性或正式的“举报人”语境。British countable slangNobody trusts him because they think he is a grass.没人信任他,因为大家觉得他是个告密者。
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rare 示波管上的干扰纹📖 物理学中指阴极射线管显示轨迹上由随机干扰造成的密集、尖锐间断噪声。uncountable
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rare 雷达显示噪声📖 雷达语境中指显示屏上的噪声背景,可能遮住真正的回波。slang uncountable
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rare 青草季节📖 旧用法中指青草新生的季节,即春季或夏季。countable uncountable
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rare 短暂易逝之物📖 过时的比喻义,把会很快枯萎的草看作短暂、无常的事物。countable figuratively obsolete
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rare 芦笋📖 民间词源用法中曾把芦笋称作grass,是历史上的俗称,不是现代普通英语的主要意思。countable
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rare 矿井表面📖 采矿或商业语境中指矿井的表面,是专门用法。countable
grasses
plural
verb
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rare 摔倒;放倒📖 指把对手放倒在草地或地面上,常用于较旧或特定的非正式语境。transitive
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common 告密;出卖📖 英国俚语中表示告密、向当局举报犯罪团体或出卖同伙,是名词“告密者”义的动词分支。💡 常见结构是“grass on someone”或“grass someone up”,表示向警方或他人告发某人。它是英国非正式俚语,介词和代词位置不能随意照搬普通“举报”表达;正式场合应换用中性动词。intransitive slang transitiveHe grassed on his friends to the police.他向警方告发了自己的朋友。
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core 铺草;用草覆盖📖 指给地面铺上草或草皮,使地面被草覆盖;这是名词“草地”义直接发展出的动作。💡 常用结构是“grass an area”或“be grassed over”,宾语通常是地面、场地或土地。不要把它和更常见的“plant grass”混为一谈:grass强调覆盖成草地,plant强调种植。transitiveThe workers grassed the bare area beside the road.工人在路边的裸地上铺了草。
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common 用草喂养📖 指让牲畜或其他动物吃草,或使动物在草地上取食。💡 常见结构是“grass cattle”或“be grassed”,宾语通常是牛、羊等食草动物。这个用法比“feed an animal grass”更简洁,也常见于农业语境;不要理解成“给土地种草”。transitiveThe farmer grasses his sheep on the hillside.农夫让羊在山坡上吃草。
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rare 把亚麻放在草地上漂白📖 旧式工艺用法,指把亚麻铺在草地上晾晒,以便漂白或处理。transitive
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rare 使落地;钓上并拖到岸上📖 指把鱼或其他东西带到草地、地面或岸上,常见于钓鱼叙述。transitive
grasses
present,singular,third-person
grassing
participle,present
grassed
participle,past
grassed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
give away information about somebody
同义词集:
denounce
tell on
betray
give away
rat
grass
shit
shop
snitch
stag
He told on his classmate who had cheated on the exam
上位: inform
shoot down, of birds
同义词集:
grass
上位: hit, pip, shoot
feed with grass
同义词集:
grass
上位: crop, graze, pasture
cover with grass
同义词集:
grass
grass over
上位: cover, spread over
spread out clothes on the grass to let it dry and bleach
同义词集:
grass
上位: open, spread, spread out, unfold
cover with grass
同义词集:
grass
The owners decided to grass their property
上位: cover
street names for marijuana
同义词集:
pot
grass
green goddess
dope
weed
gage
sess
sens
smoke
skunk
locoweed
mary jane
上位: cannabis, ganja, marihuana, marijuana
bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle
同义词集:
eatage
forage
pasture
pasturage
grass
上位: fodder
a police informer who implicates many people
同义词集:
supergrass
grass
上位: betrayer, blabber, informer, rat, squealer
German writer of novels and poetry and plays (born 1927)
同义词集:
grass
gunter grass
gunter wilhelm grass
narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay
同义词集:
grass
下位: bent, bent grass, bent-grass, blue grass, bluegrass, cereal, cereal grass, herd's grass, phleum pratense, timothy
🌳 词源
普通词义源自古英语,和“生长”“绿色”有关;“告密者”义可能来自“grasshopper”或押韵俚语,具体演变顺序不确定。
Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-der.
Proto-Germanic *grasą
Proto-West Germanic *gras
Old English græs
Middle English gras
English grass
Inherited from Middle English gras, from Old English græs, from Proto-West Germanic *gras, from Proto-Germanic *grasą (“grass”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots gress (“grass”), North Frisian gaars, geers, Gērs, gjars, gjas, gäärs (“grass”), Saterland Frisian Gäärs (“grass”), West Frisian gers (“grass”), Cimbrian gras, grass (“grass”), German and Luxembourgish Gras (“grass, weed”), Dutch gras (“grass, turf, pasture”), Mòcheno and Vilamovian gros (“grass”), West Flemish ges (“grass”), Yiddish גראָז (groz, “grass”), Danish græs (“grass”), Faroese, Icelandic, and Norwegian Nynorsk gras (“grass”), Norwegian Bokmål gras, gress (“grass”), Swedish gräs (“grass”), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐍃 (gras, “herb”); also Latin herba (“plant, weed, grass”), Albanian grath (“grass blade, spike”). Related to grow, green.
The "informer" sense is probably a shortening of grasshopper (“police officer, informant”), rhyming slang for copper (“police officer”) or shopper (“informant”); the exact sequence of derivation is unclear.
🔄 变式
grassed
past
grasses
plural
grassing
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根