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gaunt

🇺🇸 /ɡˈɔnt/ 🇬🇧 /ɡɑːnt/
adj 编号: G00249 BNC #15556 COCA #15460
gaunt 主要是形容人或动物瘦得骨骼分明,常带有憔悴、病弱或令人不适的感觉;也可形容地方荒凉、空旷。它还可以是姓氏,或是旧式地名拼写。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一个只剩骨架、站在荒凉空屋里的人:身体“瘦得骨头突出”是核心意思,病饿造成的“憔悴消瘦”是更强的一层;由这种骨瘦和冷清的画面,又可以引申为地方或声音“阴森荒凉”。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握描述人或动物外貌的两个常用意思,再记住形容地方荒凉的引申义;不要把它简单理解成中性或褒义的“苗条”。
  • 它通常暗示不健康、疲惫或令人不安的消瘦,与普通的“瘦”不是完全等价。
📖 中文释义
adj
  • core 骨瘦如柴的
    📖 形容人或动物瘦得骨骼和棱角很明显,仿佛只剩下突出的骨架;重点是外形干瘦、线条分明。
    💡 常用结构是“gaunt + face/figure/man/animal”等,也可放在系动词后描述某人的状态。它比一般的“瘦”更有骨感和憔悴意味,不能自然地用来表示健康、匀称的苗条。
    His gaunt face made him look much older than he was.
    他那张骨瘦的脸使他看起来比实际年龄老得多。
    A gaunt dog stood beside the empty road.
    一条骨瘦的狗站在空荡荡的路边。
  • core 因饥病而憔悴消瘦的
    📖 形容人因为饥饿、疾病或长期疲劳而瘦得不健康,脸色和神态也显得憔悴;这是比普通干瘦更严重的画面。
    💡 常用结构是“look/become gaunt”或“gaunt from hunger/illness”等。这个意思强调造成消瘦的困境或不健康状态,通常不能只译成中性的“身材瘦”。
    After months of illness, she looked gaunt and exhausted.
    病了几个月后,她看起来憔悴消瘦,疲惫不堪。
    The refugees arrived gaunt from hunger.
    难民们因饥饿而憔悴消瘦地抵达了。
  • common 荒凉阴森的
    📖 形容地方、建筑或环境空旷、冷清、缺少生气,带有像骨架一样单薄而令人不安的感觉。
    💡 常用结构是“gaunt + building/landscape/room”等,表示环境的荒凉和阴森。它多用于文学描写或较有画面感的叙述,不是普通口语中表示“空”的首选词。
    figuratively
    The gaunt factory stood alone in the winter field.
    那座荒凉的工厂孤零零地立在冬日的田野上。
  • rare 贪婪而饥渴的
    📖 旧式或比喻用法,表示像饥饿的人一样贪得无厌、不断索取;可看作“饥饿消瘦”画面的抽象延伸。
    💡 通常出现在旧文学或强烈的比喻性语境中,现代日常英语里很少这样使用。不要把它当作描述普通食欲大的常用词。
    figuratively rare
  • rare 纤瘦的(旧义)
    📖 旧时也可中性地表示不胖、纤细,但这一用法已经过时;现代用法通常带有憔悴或不健康的意味。
    💡 现代英语中不要用它来礼貌地称赞某人苗条。表示中性或褒义的纤瘦,应改用表示“苗条、修长”的普通词。
    obsolete
  • rare 凄冷空洞的(声音)
    📖 旧式比喻用法,形容声音像荒凉墓穴中的回声一样阴沉、空洞;它由“荒凉”的画面进一步延伸而来。
    💡 这是文学性很强的旧用法,通常只在诗歌或仿古文字中出现。现代日常表达声音阴沉或空洞时,一般不用这个词。
    figuratively obsolete
gaunter comparative gauntest superlative
name
  • common 姓氏
    📖 Gaunt 是英语姓氏的一种写法或变体,属于人名用法,不表示人物的外貌。
    💡 通常放在名字后面,如“某人的姓是 Gaunt”。作为姓氏时首字母大写,并不承担普通形容词的语法功能。
    Professor Gaunt will speak at the meeting.
    高特教授将在会议上发言。
Gaunts plural
name
  • rare Ghent 的旧拼写
    📖 在过时或历史性的英语文本中,gaunt 可能是比利时城市 Ghent 的旧式拼写。
    💡 这种用法只适合历史语境,现代写作不要用 gaunt 代替 Ghent。地名首字母应大写。
    alt-of obsolete
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 1 组
very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold; ; ;
同义词集: cadaverous emaciated gaunt haggard pinched skeletal wasted
a nightmare population of gaunt men and skeletal boys
eyes were haggard and cavernous
small pinched faces
kept life in his wasted frame only by grim concentration
近似: lean, thin
🌳 词源
来自中古英语,早期词源不确定;有人认为与表示“细长的棍子”的北日耳曼语词有关,也有法语来源说。作为姓氏时是另一个姓氏的变体。
From Middle English gaunt, gawnt, gawnte, gant (“lean, slender, thin, gaunt”); further etymology uncertain. Speculated origins include: * from a North Germanic/Scandinavian source related to Old Norse gandr (“magic staff; stick”) (the ancestor of Icelandic gandur (“magic staff”) and Norwegian gand (“thin, pointed stick; tall, thin man”)), from Proto-Germanic *gandaz (“stick; staff”). Other suggested Germanic cognates include Swedish gank (“(dialectal) lean, emaciated horse”); Danish gand, gan, Norwegian gana (“cut-off tree limbs”); Bavarian Gunten (“kind of peg or wedge”). These words have all been connected to *gunþiz (“battle”) or its ultimate source, but this comparison presents semantic and phonetic difficulties. * from Old French: ** The NED/OED (1900) suggests it could be a "graphic adoption" of Old French gant, a variant spelling of gent (“elegant; nice, pleasant; noble”) modern French gent), from Latin gēns (“clan, tribe; country, nation; family; people”), from Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis, from the root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to beget, to give birth”). (It could not be an oral borrowing since the Old French word started with [dʒ], not [ɡ], due to the palatalization of Latin "ge"; compare jaunty from French gentil.) If this etymology is correct, the early, now-obsolete positive or neutral sense 4.1 ("slender") was apparently original. ** Spitzer 1944 argues it is more likely to be from the Norman version of Old French jau(l)net (“yellowish”), diminutive of jaune (“yellow”), from Latin galbinus (the palatalization of Latin "ga" did not occur in northern French dialects).
🔄 变式
gaunter compar gauntest superl Gaunts plural
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