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fret
★
🇺🇸 /fɹˈɛt/
🇬🇧 /fɹɛt/
fret 是一个多义词:核心概念是“不断摩擦、侵蚀或扰动”,可表示烦躁忧虑、磨损侵蚀,也可表示乐器上的品格和装饰性格纹;另有少数专业或方言义。
💡 记忆钩子
把 fret 想成一股持续的摩擦力:它能把材料一点点磨坏、把水面搅出波纹,也能让人的心被烦恼反复搅动而焦躁;由“格状、交错的摩擦痕迹”又发展出装饰格纹和吉他上的品格。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“烦躁、忧虑”和“磨损、侵蚀”,再学习名词“吉他品格”;其他义项多见于专业、历史或方言语境。
- 不要把 fret 只理解成“生气”;它常强调持续的烦恼、焦虑或磨耗。
📖 中文释义
noun
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common 液面波动📖 指液体发酵或受到其他作用后,表面出现的细小波动或泡沫状扰动。💡 常见于描述酒、苹果酒等液体时,可用“液体有……”“表面出现……”的结构。这个义项偏专业或历史用法,日常谈水面通常不用它。The cider had a light fret on its surface.苹果酒表面有一层轻微的波纹。
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common 烦躁;恼怒📖 指因不耐烦、抱怨或焦虑而处于持续的烦躁状态,也可指这种坏情绪本身。💡 常见结构是“in a fret”或“a fret of worry”,但现代英语更常用动词形式。不要把它理解成一次突然爆发的愤怒;它更像烦恼反复搅动人的心情。She spent the afternoon in a fret over the delayed reply.她因为迟迟没有收到回复,整个下午都焦躁不安。
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rare 疱疹;皮肤疹📖 旧式医学用语,指一类会起小疱、发炎或脱屑的皮肤病。💡 只在历史医学文献或旧词典中出现,现代医疗语境应使用具体病名。不要把它和普通的“烦躁”义混为一谈。
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rare 河岸含矿冲积处📖 复数 frets 指洪水冲刷河岸后留下、可能含有矿石的裸露岩土层。💡 通常只用复数形式,并且限于采矿或历史地质语境。不要把它泛泛理解为所有河岸。in-plural
frets
plural
noun
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common 装饰格纹📖 一种由重复的横线和竖线交错组成的装饰图案,常做成浮雕或雕刻。💡 常用“a fret pattern”或“decorated with a fret”描述图案。它不是普通的“网格”或数学表格,而是具有装饰性的交错纹样。The old cabinet was carved with a geometric fret.那只老柜子刻有几何格纹。
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rare 纹章交错图形📖 纹章学中的一种特殊交错图案,由斜十字形与菱形交织而成。💡 只用于纹章学说明,通常需要结合图案名称理解。不要把它当作一般装饰格纹的日常说法。
frets
plural
noun
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core 乐器品格📖 吉他等弦乐器指板上的横条,用来标出手指按弦时应对应的音位。💡 常用“on the fifth fret”“move up the frets”等结构。不要把 fret 翻成琴弦;它是指板上的横向标记条。Place your finger just behind the third fret.把手指放在第三品格的稍后方。
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rare 套环;箍📖 方言或过时用语,指套在物体上的金属环或箍。💡 现代英语中几乎不用,遇到时通常只能根据上下文理解。不要与音乐义混淆。dialectal obsolete
frets
plural
noun
-
rare 海峡;水道📖 指连接两片较大水域的狭窄海上通道。💡 通常用于专名或古旧地理描述,不能作为现代英语中“海峡”的首选词。
frets
plural
noun
-
rare 海上通道📖 指海水冲开或形成的狭窄通道。💡 这是罕见义项,不能据此推断 fret 在普通英语中就是“通道”。rare
frets
plural
noun
-
rare 海雾📖 诺森伯里亚方言词,指海上的雾或由海上吹入内陆的雾。💡 常与“来自海上”“吹入内陆”等表达连用,但现代标准英语中不普遍。Northumbria
frets
plural
noun
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common 福斯特共振能量转移📖 一种分子间的能量传递现象,能通过光学信号变化来研究分子距离或相互作用。💡 通常使用缩写 FRET,并与“measure、detect、use”等动词搭配。它不是普通意义上的荧光,而是能量从一个分子传给另一个分子的过程。countable uncountableThe researchers used FRET to measure the distance between the two proteins.研究人员用 FRET 测量两种蛋白质之间的距离。
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common 荧光共振能量转移📖 FRET 的一种具体应用,转移双方中的一个或两个分子带有能发荧光的发色团。💡 常在实验方法和分子成像论文中与“FRET signal”或“FRET interaction”搭配。阅读时可先把它理解为 FRET 技术的荧光标记应用。countable uncountableA change in the FRET signal showed that the molecules had moved closer together.FRET 信号的变化表明这些分子彼此靠得更近了。
FRETs
plural
verb
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rare 吞食;吞噬📖 古旧或诗歌用法,指尤其是动物把食物吃光、吞下。💡 现代英语通常用 eat、devour 或 consume;这个义项主要在古诗文或仿古语境中出现。obsolete poetic transitive
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common 使恼火;使烦躁📖 像持续摩擦一样使某人感到恼火、不耐烦或精神上受到折磨。💡 常用“fret someone”或“be fretted by something”,后面接人或造成烦恼的事。它比简单的 annoy 更有持续、磨人的意味。transitiveThe constant noise fretted everyone in the office.持续不断的噪声把办公室里的每个人都弄得很烦躁。
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common 使水面起波纹📖 指扰动水面,使它变得粗糙并出现细小波纹。💡 常用“fret the surface of the water”结构,宾语通常是 water 或 surface。现代普通表达更常用 ripple、agitate 或 disturb。transitiveThe wind fretted the surface of the lake.风把湖面吹出了细小的波纹。
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common 挥霍;耗尽📖 在 fret out 中,指把资源、机会或某物一点点消耗、浪费掉。💡 最常见结构是“fret away/out + 时间、资源”等,但整体偏文学或少见。不要与表示焦虑的“fret about”混淆。transitiveHe fretted away his inheritance on luxuries.他把继承来的财产挥霍在奢侈品上。
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common 啃蚀;侵蚀📖 像一点点啃食一样,使材料、边缘或生命力逐渐被消耗掉。💡 常用“fret away/into”或“be fretted by”表示某物被慢慢侵蚀。可用于水、酸、锈等造成的磨耗,但现代科技写作更常用 erode 或 corrode。ambitransitiveSalt water slowly fretted away the metal railing.盐水慢慢侵蚀了金属栏杆。
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core 烦躁;恼怒📖 因担心、不耐烦或不满而坐立不安、发牢骚。它描写的是被烦恼持续搅动的状态。💡 可用“fret about/over + 事情”或直接说“don’t fret”。后者常用于安慰别人,意思接近“别担心”。不要误译成只表示愤怒的 shout 或 rage。ambitransitiveDon’t fret about the small details; we can fix them later.别为小细节烦恼,我们以后可以修正。She fretted over the decision all night.她为这个决定烦恼了一整夜。
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core 磨损;磨破📖 指布料、边缘或其他材料因反复摩擦而磨坏、起毛或裂开。💡 常用“fret at/against + 物体”或“fret on the edges”,也常见过去分词 fretted。表示衣物磨破时,wear away 或 fray 往往更自然。intransitiveThe strap fretted against the buckle and began to split.带子被扣环反复磨擦,开始裂开了。The fabric is fretting along the hem.这块布的下摆正在磨破。
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core 忧虑;操心📖 持续想着可能出问题的事,因焦虑而消耗自己的精力。💡 最常用“fret about/over + 名词”或“fret over whether/how……”结构。它通常是不必要或过度的担心,因此常用于劝人“不要忧虑”。intransitiveTry not to fret over what you cannot change.尽量不要为无法改变的事情忧虑。
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rare 翻腾;郁结📖 指情绪、怨恨或液体在内部持续翻腾、激荡而无法平静。💡 多用于文学描写,主语常是 rancour、anger 或 unrest 等抽象名词。日常英语通常改用 simmer、churn 或 seethe。intransitive
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rare 发生二次发酵📖 酿酒语境中指酒液在糖分转化后又继续发酵。💡 只用于酿造和葡萄酒专业语境,通常与 wine、beer 或 cider 连用。现代酿酒文本更常直接说明 secondary fermentation。intransitive
frets
present,singular,third-person
fretting
participle,present
fretted
past
fret
past
frate
past
fretted
participle,past
fret
participle,past
frate
participle,past
fretten
in-compounds,participle,past,usually
verb
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common 以格纹装饰📖 在物体表面加上交错、编织状的纹样,或用雕刻和浮雕进行装饰。💡 常用“fret something with/over something”或被动结构“be fretted with”。现代说明文也可用 decorate、carve 或 ornament。transitiveThe ceiling was fretted with delicate wooden patterns.天花板用精致的木质格纹装饰。
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rare 使形成图案📖 指在表面形成交错纹理或斑驳图案,也可用于云彩、光线等自然景象。💡 常见于文学或艺术描写,通常直接接宾语。不要把它理解成单纯的“画画”,重点是形成有重复结构的纹样。transitive
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rare 锯出格纹📖 用线锯等工具切割材料,制作出交错线条组成的透空或浮雕装饰。💡 通常用于木工、装饰艺术或工艺说明。现代英语更常用 cut、saw 或 create fretwork。transitive
frets
present,singular,third-person
fretting
participle,present
fretted
participle,past
fretted
past
verb
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rare 捆扎;系住📖 古旧用法,指最初用环或套圈把东西绑在一起。💡 现代英语不用它表示普通的“捆绑”,应使用 tie、bind 或 fasten。
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common 按品格演奏📖 在吉他等弦乐器上用手指按住琴弦,使琴弦在特定品格处发出相应音高。💡 常用“fret a note/string”或“fret the guitar”,也可说“fret at the fifth fret”。不要把它理解成拨弦;拨弦和按品格是不同动作。transitiveShe fretted the note at the seventh fret and picked the string.她在第七品格按住那个音,然后拨响了琴弦。
frets
present,singular,third-person
fretting
participle,present
fretted
participle,past
fretted
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 16 组
wear away or erode
同义词集:
fret
eat away
上位: corrode, rust
remove soil or rock
同义词集:
erode
eat away
fret
Rain eroded the terraces
上位: damage
下位: wash
cause friction
同义词集:
rub
fray
fret
chafe
scratch
my sweater scratches
上位: adjoin, contact, meet, touch
be too tight; rub or press
同义词集:
choke
gag
fret
This neckband is choking the cat
上位: compact, compress, constrict, contract, press, squeeze
decorate with an interlaced design
同义词集:
fret
上位: adorn, beautify, decorate, embellish, grace, ornament
carve a pattern into
同义词集:
fret
上位: carve
下位: honeycomb
be agitated or irritated
同义词集:
fret
don't fret over these small details
上位: worry
gnaw into; make resentful or angry;
同义词集:
eat into
fret
rankle
grate
The injustice rankled her
his resentment festered
上位: annoy, bother, chafe, devil, get at, get to, gravel, irritate, nark, nettle, rag, rile, vex
cause annoyance in
同义词集:
fret
上位: annoy, bother, chafe, devil, get at, get to, gravel, irritate, nark, nettle, rag, rile, vex
worry unnecessarily or excessively
同义词集:
fuss
niggle
fret
don't fuss too much over the grandchildren--they are quite big now
上位: worry
下位: dither, flap, pother
become or make sore by or as if by rubbing
同义词集:
chafe
gall
fret
上位: irritate
provide (a musical instrument) with frets
同义词集:
fret
fret a guitar
上位: furnish, provide, render, supply
a small bar of metal across the fingerboard of a musical instrument; when the string is stopped by a finger at the metal bar it will produce a note of the desired pitch
同义词集:
fret
上位: bar
an ornamental pattern consisting of repeated vertical and horizontal lines (often in relief)
同义词集:
fret
greek fret
greek key
key pattern
there was a simple fret at the top of the walls
a spot that has been worn away by abrasion or erosion
同义词集:
worn spot
fret
上位: dapple, fleck, maculation, patch, speckle, spot
agitation resulting from active worry;
同义词集:
fret
stew
sweat
lather
swither
don't get in a stew
he's in a sweat about exams
上位: agitation
🌳 词源
主要源自古英语中“吃光、吞噬”的词,后来引申为侵蚀、磨损和烦恼;装饰、乐器等义项另有法语来源。
From Middle English frēten (“to eat (at), corrode, destroy, annoy”), from Old English fretan (“to eat up, devour; to fret; to break, burst”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną (“to consume, devour, eat up”), from Proto-Germanic *fra- (“for-, prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forward, toward”)) + *etaną (“to eat”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)).
The senses meaning “to chafe, rub” could also be due to sound-association with Anglo-Norman *freiter (modern dialectal French fretter), from Vulgar Latin *frictāre, frequentative of Latin fricāre, from fricō (“to chafe, rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”); compare Old French froter (modern French frotter). The chief difficulty is the lack of evidence of the Old French word.
Cognates
*Dutch vreten, fretten (“to devour, hog, wolf”)
*Low German freten (“to eat up”)
*German fressen (“to devour, gobble up, guzzle”)
*Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “to devour”)
*Swedish fräta (“to eat away, corrode, fret”)
*Danish fråse (“to gorge”)
🔄 变式
frate
past
FRETs
plural
fretted
past
fretten
past
fretting
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根