freight

“freight”主要指货物的运输、运输中的货物以及运输费用，也可作动词表示装货或运输，或比喻承载某种负担。

💡 记忆钩子

把“freight”想成一辆装满货物的车：车装的是货物，整件事是货运，付的钱是运费；装得太满时，货物还可以引申为身体或文字所承载的负担。

📝 学习建议

先掌握名词的“货运、货物、运费”以及动词的“装运、运输”，再记比喻义。
不要把它只理解成“运费”；根据上下文，它也常直接指货物或运输服务。
在现代日常英语中，形容词义和部分“租船装运”的动词义很少见，阅读旧文献时再识别即可。

📖 中文释义

adj

rare 装满货物的

📖 表示某艘船或其他运输工具已经装载了货物，相当于“满载的”；这是过时的形容词用法。

💡 通常用作定语，放在运输工具或负载名词前。现代英语中很少这样使用，学习时只需在旧文或历史语境中认出它即可。

obsolete

more freight comparative most freight superlative

noun

core 货运；货物运输

📖 指把货物从一个地方运到另一个地方的运输活动，也可以指为这种运输而租用车辆或船只。核心画面是“装满货物并把它运走”。

💡 常用“运输货物 + freight”或“by freight”表示采用货运方式。它通常是不可数名词，不要在表示运输活动时随意加复数；在美国英语中也可指陆路货运。

uncountable usually

We sent the machinery by freight because it was too heavy for air travel.

我们用货运把这台机器送走，因为它太重，不能空运。

The company arranged freight for the entire shipment.

公司为整批货物安排了运输。
core 货物；运输中的物品

📖 指正在运输或准备运输的货物，重点是“车、船或拖车里装着的东西”，而不是运输这件事本身。

💡 通常用作不可数名词，如“货物 + be + freight”或“load the freight”。如果要明确说一件或几件物品，通常改用具体的可数名词，而不说“a freight”。

uncountable usually

The truck carried freight from the port to the warehouse.

卡车把货物从港口运到仓库。

The driver checked that the freight was secured before leaving.

司机出发前检查了货物是否固定牢靠。
common 运费

📖 指为运输货物而支付的钱，也就是运输服务的费用。它仍然和“把货物运走”这个核心画面相连，只是焦点从货物转到了价格。

💡 常用“pay the freight”“freight costs”或“the freight on + 货物”表示支付或计算运费。表示一笔具体费用时可以用单数，但不要把它和普通的票价或乘客交通费混为一谈。

countable usually

The seller will pay the freight on orders over one hundred dollars.

订单金额超过一百美元时，卖家会承担运费。
common 负担；重负

📖 用于比喻时，freight像装在车上的重物，指一个人、事物或处境所承受的负担。

💡 通常出现在“the freight of + 名词”或“carry a freight of + 名词”这样的比喻结构中。这个义项比字面义更有文学性，不能简单理解为实际货物。

countable figuratively usually

She carried the freight of responsibility alone for many years.

多年来，她独自承担着沉重的责任。
common 附带的情感或文化含义

📖 比喻一个词、话题或表达除了字面意思之外，还“装载”着联想、情绪或文化意味，就像货物被装进语言里一起运送。

💡 常用“emotional freight”或“cultural freight”，也可说“carry freight”表示某个词带有额外意味。这个用法多见于评论、学术和媒体文章，不宜用来指实际运费。

figuratively specifically uncountable usually

That slogan carries a lot of emotional freight for older voters.

对年长选民来说，那句口号带有很强的情感意味。
rare 货运列车

📖 在铁路语境中，freight有时是freight train的省略说法，指专门运货的列车。

💡 通常只在铁路或货运语境中使用，常由上下文明确其指列车。一般读者更容易把它理解为货物或货运，因此学习时把它作为行业用法识别即可。

abbreviation alt-of countable ellipsis usually

freights plural

verb

core 给运输工具装货；租用其运货

📖 指把货物装进船、车等运输工具，或租用运输工具来装运货物。核心画面就是“把货装上去并让它承担运输任务”。

💡 常用“freight + 运输工具 + with + 货物”表示给某运输工具装上某物，也可用“freight + 运输工具 + to carry + 货物”。现代英语中这些用法偏正式或专业，日常表达常改用更普通的动词。

transitive

The company freighted three trucks with construction materials.

公司给三辆卡车装上了建筑材料。

They freighted a vessel to carry the equipment overseas.

他们租了一艘船把设备运到海外。
common 运输货物

📖 指把货物运到别处，重点是货物从出发地被送往目的地。

💡 通常用“freight + 货物 + from A to B”说明运输对象和路线。它是及物动词，后面一般要接货物等宾语；不要把它当作表示乘客出行的普通动词。

transitive

The manufacturer freighted the parts from the factory to the repair center.

制造商把零件从工厂运到了维修中心。
common 装载或储存物品

📖 从“装货”扩展开来，表示把货物或其他东西装进某处并存放起来。

💡 常用“freight + 物品 + into/onto + 地点或运输工具”。这个义项比普通的“装载”更正式或少见，不能因此把所有“装东西”都替换成freight。

broadly transitive

Workers freighted the crates into the storage area before the storm.

暴风雨来临前，工人把木箱搬进了储存区。
common 比喻承载负担

📖 像运输工具承载货物一样，指某人或某物承受、携带某种沉重的责任、情绪或后果。

💡 常用“freight + 名词”或“be freighted with + 名词”表示承载某种负担或意味。这个义项多用于书面语和比喻语境，不能按实际装货来理解。

figuratively transitive

The speech was freighted with anxiety about the future.

这篇演讲充满了对未来的焦虑。
rare 装载；运载（常与up连用）

📖 常与up连用，表示把某物作为货物装上并运载；也可比喻把某种内容或负担带在身上。

💡 常见结构是“freight up + 物品”或“be freighted up with + 内容”。这种用法偏文学或少见，现代日常英语中通常使用更明确的“装载”或“携带”类动词。

US also figuratively intransitive

freights present,singular,third-person freighting participle,present freighted participle,past freighted past freight first-person,present,singular freighted first-person,past,singular freight present,second-person,singular freightest archaic,present,second-person,singular freighted past,second-person,singular freightedst archaic,past,second-person,singular freighteth archaic,present,singular,third-person freighted past,singular,third-person freight plural,present freighted past,plural freight present,subjunctive freighted past,subjunctive freight imperative,present - imperative,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 5 组

transporting goods commercially at rates cheaper than express rates

同义词集: freight freightage

上位: shipping, transport, transportation

load with goods for transportation

同义词集: freight

上位: charge

transport commercially as cargo

同义词集: freight

上位: transport 下位: air-freight, air-ship, airfreight

goods carried by a large vehicle

同义词集: cargo lading freight load loading payload shipment consignment

上位: merchandise, product, ware

the charge for transporting something by common carrier;

同义词集: freight freightage freight rate

we pay the freight

the freight rate is usually cheaper

上位: charge per unit, rate

🌳 词源

源自中古英语，和表示“装载、充满”的相关词同源，最初与船舶装载货物和运输费用有关。

From Late Middle English freight, freght, freyght [and other forms], a variant of fraught, fraght (“transport of goods or people, usually by water; transportation fee; transportation facilities; cargo or passengers of a ship; (figuratively) burden; ballast of a ship; goods; a charge”), from Middle Dutch vracht, vrecht, and Middle Low German vrecht (“cargo, freight; transportation fee”), from Old Saxon frāht, frēht, from Proto-West Germanic *fra- (from Proto-Germanic *fra- (prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’)) + *aihti (from Proto-Germanic *aihtiz (“possessions, property”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to come into possession of, obtain; to own, possess”)). The English word can be analysed as for- + aught, and is a doublet of fraught. Cognates * French fret (“cargo, freight; transportation fees; rental of a ship”) * Old English ǣht (“livestock; possession, property; power”) * Old High German frēht (“earnings”) * Portuguese frete (“cargo, freight; transportation fees”) * Spanish flete (“cargo, freight; charter (hire of a vehicle for transporting cargo)”) * Swedish frakt c (“cargo, freight; transportation fees”)

🔄 变式

- imperat freighted 1st_sg freightedst archaic freightest archaic freighteth archaic freighting present freights plural more freight compar most freight superl

🏷 单词标签 & 词根