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fraught

🇺🇸 /fɹˈɔt/ 🇬🇧 /fɹɔːt/
adj 编号: F01917 BNC #11090 COCA #11710
fraught 主要作形容词,表示“充满令人不安的因素、困难或压力”,常用于描述关系、过程和局面;它也有“装满货物”的航运旧义,以及名词和动词的历史用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把 fraught 想成一艘装得满满的船:船里装满货物,就是“满载”;引申到抽象事物时,装进去的往往是担忧、冲突或困难,于是表示“充满令人不安的东西、让人压力很大”。
📝 学习建议
  • 优先掌握形容词的现代常用义,尤其是描述关系、谈判、过程或局面紧张棘手的用法;航运名词和动词义大多只在旧文献或历史语境中出现。
  • 不要把 fraught 机械理解成普通的“充满”。它通常暗示所充满的是问题、风险、焦虑等负面因素。
📖 中文释义
adj
  • rare 装满货物的
    📖 原本用于船只等运输工具,表示里面装载着货物;这是 fraught 的字面旧义,现代英语中很少见。
    also figuratively obsolete
  • core 充满负面因素的
    📖 表示某人、某事或某局面仿佛装满了麻烦、冲突、风险等令人不安的东西,常译为“充满……的”或“伴随着……的”。
    💡 最典型的结构是“fraught with + 负面名词”,如 fraught with danger 或 fraught with tension。它强调伴随而来的问题或压力,不能只按中性的“带有”来理解;正式报道和分析文章中较常见。
    also figuratively obsolete
    The negotiations were fraught with disagreement from the start.
    谈判从一开始就充满分歧。
    Moving to a new country can be fraught with uncertainty.
    搬到一个新国家可能会伴随着许多不确定性。
  • core 令人焦虑而棘手的
    📖 表示某段关系、某个过程或某种处境本身紧张、复杂、困难,容易让人感到焦虑或压力;这里既可指“承受着压力”,也可指“造成压力”。
    💡 常见搭配是“a fraught + 名词”,例如 fraught relationship、fraught process,也可说 the situation is fraught。它通常描述持续的紧张和复杂性,不只是某一刻让人害怕;不要误用来表示单纯的“忙碌”。
    also figuratively obsolete specifically
    Their fraught relationship made family gatherings uncomfortable.
    他们紧张的关系让家庭聚会变得很不自在。
    The approval process has been long and fraught.
    审批过程一直漫长而棘手。
  • rare 备有、装有
    📖 旧用法,表示某处或某物被提供、备有某种东西;可以看作“装满某物”这一核心图像的进一步引申。
    also figuratively obsolete
more fraught comparative fraughter comparative,rare most fraught superlative fraughtest rare,superlative
noun
  • rare 船只租用费
    📖 指租用船只来运输货物时支付的费用,是 freight 的历史形式。
    also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
  • rare 运输船只的费用
    📖 指为租船运输货物而付的钱;这是航运领域的旧名词义。
    also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
  • rare 货物运输
    📖 指通过船只,尤其是海运来运输货物这一活动;现代英语通常不用 fraught 表达。
    also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
  • rare 船上货物
    📖 指船只所装载的货物,也就是船的货运载荷;这是“装满货物”这一字面图像对应的名词义。
    also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
  • rare 两桶的容量
    📖 苏格兰旧方言用法,指两桶所能装的量,现代英语中基本不使用。
    also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
  • rare 负担、重负
    📖 旧用法中可把某种精神或抽象负担称为 fraught,仍可看作“装着沉重东西”的引申。
    also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
fraughts plural
verb
  • rare 给船装货
    📖 指把货物装进船只或其他运输工具,使其满载;对应形容词的“装满货物”。
    also figuratively obsolete transitive
  • rare 使负担沉重
    📖 指给某人或某物加上沉重的负担,抽象上也可指使其充满忧虑或压力。
    also archaic figuratively obsolete transitive
  • rare 提供、备有
    📖 旧用法,指为某处或某物提供、备妥某种东西,可以理解为“把某物装进去”。
    also archaic figuratively obsolete transitive
  • rare 租船运输
    📖 苏格兰旧用法,指租用船只来运输货物或乘客。
    Scotland also figuratively obsolete transitive
  • rare 用船运输
    📖 苏格兰旧用法,指把货物或乘客用船运送到某处。
    Scotland also figuratively obsolete transitive
  • rare 构成船上载荷
    📖 旧的不及物用法,指某些货物或乘客构成船只的载荷;仍围绕“装载物”的核心概念。
    also figuratively intransitive obsolete
fraughts present,singular,third-person fraughting participle,present fraught participle,past fraught past fraughted participle,past fraughted past fraught first-person,present,singular fraughted first-person,past,singular fraught present,second-person,singular fraughtest archaic,present,second-person,singular fraughted past,second-person,singular fraughtedst archaic,past,second-person,singular fraughteth archaic,present,singular,third-person fraughted past,singular,third-person fraught plural,present fraughted past,plural fraught present,subjunctive fraughted past,subjunctive fraught imperative,present - imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 1 组
marked by distress
同义词集: fraught
a fraught mother-daughter relationship
近似: troubled
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,最初与荷兰语或低地德语中表示“货物、运输费用”的词有关;形容词义来自“装满货物”,后来引申为“充满负担或问题”。
From Middle English fraught, fraght, freght (“transport of goods or people (usually by water); charge for such transport; facilities for such transport; cargo or passengers of a ship; ballast of a ship; goods in general; (figurative) burden; charge”), from Middle Dutch vracht, vrecht, or Middle Low German vracht, vrecht (“cargo, freight; charge for transport of goods”), from Proto-Germanic *fra-aihtiz, from *fra- (intensifying prefix) + Proto-Germanic *aihtiz (“acquisition; possessions, property”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to come into possession of, obtain; to own, possess”)). Doublet of freight. Cognates * Danish fragt * Old English ǣht (“livestock; property; possession; power”) * Old High German frēht (“earnings”) (modern German fracht) * Swedish frakt
🔄 变式
- imperat fraughted 1st_sg fraughtedst archaic fraughter compar fraughtest archaic fraughteth archaic fraughting present fraughts plural more fraught compar most fraught superl
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