← 返回单词列表
fraught
★
🇺🇸 /fɹˈɔt/
🇬🇧 /fɹɔːt/
fraught 主要作形容词,表示“充满令人不安的因素、困难或压力”,常用于描述关系、过程和局面;它也有“装满货物”的航运旧义,以及名词和动词的历史用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把 fraught 想成一艘装得满满的船:船里装满货物,就是“满载”;引申到抽象事物时,装进去的往往是担忧、冲突或困难,于是表示“充满令人不安的东西、让人压力很大”。
📝 学习建议
- 优先掌握形容词的现代常用义,尤其是描述关系、谈判、过程或局面紧张棘手的用法;航运名词和动词义大多只在旧文献或历史语境中出现。
- 不要把 fraught 机械理解成普通的“充满”。它通常暗示所充满的是问题、风险、焦虑等负面因素。
📖 中文释义
adj
-
rare 装满货物的📖 原本用于船只等运输工具,表示里面装载着货物;这是 fraught 的字面旧义,现代英语中很少见。also figuratively obsolete
-
core 充满负面因素的📖 表示某人、某事或某局面仿佛装满了麻烦、冲突、风险等令人不安的东西,常译为“充满……的”或“伴随着……的”。💡 最典型的结构是“fraught with + 负面名词”,如 fraught with danger 或 fraught with tension。它强调伴随而来的问题或压力,不能只按中性的“带有”来理解;正式报道和分析文章中较常见。also figuratively obsoleteThe negotiations were fraught with disagreement from the start.谈判从一开始就充满分歧。Moving to a new country can be fraught with uncertainty.搬到一个新国家可能会伴随着许多不确定性。
-
core 令人焦虑而棘手的📖 表示某段关系、某个过程或某种处境本身紧张、复杂、困难,容易让人感到焦虑或压力;这里既可指“承受着压力”,也可指“造成压力”。💡 常见搭配是“a fraught + 名词”,例如 fraught relationship、fraught process,也可说 the situation is fraught。它通常描述持续的紧张和复杂性,不只是某一刻让人害怕;不要误用来表示单纯的“忙碌”。also figuratively obsolete specificallyTheir fraught relationship made family gatherings uncomfortable.他们紧张的关系让家庭聚会变得很不自在。The approval process has been long and fraught.审批过程一直漫长而棘手。
-
rare 备有、装有📖 旧用法,表示某处或某物被提供、备有某种东西;可以看作“装满某物”这一核心图像的进一步引申。also figuratively obsolete
more fraught
comparative
fraughter
comparative,rare
most fraught
superlative
fraughtest
rare,superlative
noun
-
rare 船只租用费📖 指租用船只来运输货物时支付的费用,是 freight 的历史形式。also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
-
rare 运输船只的费用📖 指为租船运输货物而付的钱;这是航运领域的旧名词义。also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
-
rare 货物运输📖 指通过船只,尤其是海运来运输货物这一活动;现代英语通常不用 fraught 表达。also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
-
rare 船上货物📖 指船只所装载的货物,也就是船的货运载荷;这是“装满货物”这一字面图像对应的名词义。also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
-
rare 两桶的容量📖 苏格兰旧方言用法,指两桶所能装的量,现代英语中基本不使用。also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
-
rare 负担、重负📖 旧用法中可把某种精神或抽象负担称为 fraught,仍可看作“装着沉重东西”的引申。also figuratively obsolete uncountable usually
fraughts
plural
verb
-
rare 给船装货📖 指把货物装进船只或其他运输工具,使其满载;对应形容词的“装满货物”。also figuratively obsolete transitive
-
rare 使负担沉重📖 指给某人或某物加上沉重的负担,抽象上也可指使其充满忧虑或压力。also archaic figuratively obsolete transitive
-
rare 提供、备有📖 旧用法,指为某处或某物提供、备妥某种东西,可以理解为“把某物装进去”。also archaic figuratively obsolete transitive
-
rare 租船运输📖 苏格兰旧用法,指租用船只来运输货物或乘客。Scotland also figuratively obsolete transitive
-
rare 用船运输📖 苏格兰旧用法,指把货物或乘客用船运送到某处。Scotland also figuratively obsolete transitive
-
rare 构成船上载荷📖 旧的不及物用法,指某些货物或乘客构成船只的载荷;仍围绕“装载物”的核心概念。also figuratively intransitive obsolete
fraughts
present,singular,third-person
fraughting
participle,present
fraught
participle,past
fraught
past
fraughted
participle,past
fraughted
past
fraught
first-person,present,singular
fraughted
first-person,past,singular
fraught
present,second-person,singular
fraughtest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
fraughted
past,second-person,singular
fraughtedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
fraughteth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
fraughted
past,singular,third-person
fraught
plural,present
fraughted
past,plural
fraught
present,subjunctive
fraughted
past,subjunctive
fraught
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 1 组
marked by distress
同义词集:
fraught
a fraught mother-daughter relationship
近似: troubled
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,最初与荷兰语或低地德语中表示“货物、运输费用”的词有关;形容词义来自“装满货物”,后来引申为“充满负担或问题”。
From Middle English fraught, fraght, freght (“transport of goods or people (usually by water); charge for such transport; facilities for such transport; cargo or passengers of a ship; ballast of a ship; goods in general; (figurative) burden; charge”), from Middle Dutch vracht, vrecht, or Middle Low German vracht, vrecht (“cargo, freight; charge for transport of goods”), from Proto-Germanic *fra-aihtiz, from *fra- (intensifying prefix) + Proto-Germanic *aihtiz (“acquisition; possessions, property”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to come into possession of, obtain; to own, possess”)). Doublet of freight.
Cognates
* Danish fragt
* Old English ǣht (“livestock; property; possession; power”)
* Old High German frēht (“earnings”) (modern German fracht)
* Swedish frakt
🔄 变式
-
imperat
fraughted
1st_sg
fraughtedst
archaic
fraughter
compar
fraughtest
archaic
fraughteth
archaic
fraughting
present
fraughts
plural
more fraught
compar
most fraught
superl
🏷 单词标签 & 词根