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fortify
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🇺🇸 /fˈɔɹtɪfˌaɪ/
🇬🇧 /ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/
fortify 是“使更强、更有抵抗力”的正式动词：可以增强人或事物、用证据支持观点、给食物增加营养，也可指加固防御工事或提高酒精度。
💡 记忆钩子
想象给一座城墙不断加砖：先是把城墙“加固”，再把军队、人的勇气和决心“增强”；证据能让观点更牢，维生素能让食物更有营养，酒中加烈酒则是让酒更“强”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“增强、加固”这一核心，再记“用证据支持观点”和“食物强化”两个常见引申义。
- 它不是普通的“改善”或“帮助”，而是强调增加力量、抵抗力、可靠性或效力；在日常口语中通常比 strengthen 更正式。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 增强；使更有力量📖 把人、身体、能力或事物变得更强、更有活力，就像给城墙加厚一样。它既可以指实际增强，也可以指增强效果或抵抗力。💡 常用“fortify + 人/身体/心灵/能力”或“fortify oneself with + 名词”。语气通常正式，表示有意识地增强力量或状态；一般不用于普通的“帮忙”或短暂的安慰。transitiveA good breakfast fortified her for the long day ahead.一顿丰盛的早餐让她有力量应对接下来漫长的一天。He fortified himself with a cup of tea before the meeting.开会前，他喝了一杯茶给自己提神打气。
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core 用证据支持；证实📖 给一个观点或说法“加上砖块”，也就是提供证据，使它更牢靠、更可信。💡 常用“fortify + 观点/论点/说法 + with + 证据”或“be fortified by + 证据”。它强调证据增强论证，而不一定表示已经完全证明；不要把它误当成单纯的“重复说明”。transitiveThe report fortified her argument with data from three independent studies.这份报告用三项独立研究的数据进一步支持了她的论点。His conclusion was fortified by several eyewitness accounts.几名目击者的叙述使他的结论更有说服力。
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common 强化食品的营养📖 在食品或饮料中加入维生素、矿物质等成分，使其营养价值提高；这也是给食品“加固”。💡 常用“fortify + 食品 + with + 营养成分”，也常见被动结构“be fortified with calcium/iron/vitamins”。多用于食品标签、健康报道和营养学语境；不要理解成给食物增加味道。transitiveThis cereal is fortified with iron and several B vitamins.这种谷物食品强化了铁和多种B族维生素。
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common 增强勇气或决心📖 使人的勇气、信心或决心更坚定，属于把“内在防线”加固。💡 常用“fortify + courage/resolve/spirits”或“fortify someone in their resolve”。这个义项偏正式、偏书面；表示鼓励时，日常英语通常更常用 encourage，不要把两者完全当作同义词。figuratively transitiveThe team's early success fortified their resolve to continue.团队早期的成功增强了他们继续下去的决心。
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common 使能抵御攻击📖 把某物变得更难被攻击或破坏，重点是建立防御能力；对象也可以是抽象的制度或边界。💡 常用“fortify + 地点/边界/防线 + against + 威胁”。军事语境中可指实际防御，抽象语境中可指防止腐败、攻击或批评；不要只译成“加强”，要注意它带有抵御外来威胁的意味。figuratively transitiveThe company fortified its network against cyberattacks.这家公司加强了网络防御，以抵御网络攻击。
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rare 使结构坚固📖 使某物在结构上更结实；这是较旧、现今不常单独使用的广义“加固”义。archaic transitive
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common 加强军队防御📖 增加军队的防御能力，或让士兵处于更适合防守的位置。💡 常用“fortify + army/troops/forces”。这是军事和历史语境中的正式用法；若强调增加人数或装备，现代语境也常用 reinforce，不要把两者在所有场合混用。transitiveThe commander fortified his troops before the expected attack.指挥官在预期的攻击到来前加强了部队的防御。
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common 加固城防或工事📖 给城市、城堡、城墙等增设防御设施，使其更难被攻破。💡 常用“fortify + 城市/堡垒/城墙”，也可用被动结构描述地点。这个义项主要见于军事、历史和新闻语境；它比 merely repair 更具体，强调为防御而加固。transitiveThe town fortified its walls after the neighboring kingdom declared war.邻国宣战后，这座城镇加固了城墙。
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rare 给军队或城市补充装备、人员📖 为城市、堡垒或军队提供更多士兵和装备，使其防御力量更强；这是过时的军事用法。obsolete transitive
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common 给酒加烈酒📖 在葡萄酒中加入烈酒，提高酒精含量；这里也是把酒“变强”。💡 常用“fortify + wine”或“fortify wine with + 烈酒”，多用于酿酒和酒类介绍。它不是泛指让酒味道更浓，也不表示单纯延长发酵时间。transitiveThe winemaker fortified the wine with brandy before aging it.酿酒师在陈酿前给葡萄酒加入了白兰地。
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rare 建立防御阵地📖 不及物使用时，表示自行修筑防御工事或摆出防守姿态，是“加固防线”这一核心概念的反身用法。intransitive
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rare 变强📖 表示某物或某种情感自行逐渐增强；这是过时的不及物用法。intransitive obsolete
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rare 发生或促成强化📖 语言学和科学语境中的专业用法，指某种“强化”过程发生，或使对象经历这种强化。ambitransitive
fortifies
present,singular,third-person
fortifying
participle,present
fortified
participle,past
fortified
past
fortify
first-person,present,singular
fortified
first-person,past,singular
fortify
present,second-person,singular
fortifiest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
fortified
past,second-person,singular
fortifiedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
fortifieth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
fortified
past,singular,third-person
fortify
plural,present
fortified
past,plural
fortify
present,subjunctive
fortified
past,subjunctive
fortify
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 5 组
make strong or stronger;
同义词集:
strengthen
beef up
fortify
This exercise will strengthen your upper body
strengthen the relations between the two countries
反义: weaken
上位: alter, change, modify
下位: batten, batten down, brace, confirm, reenforce, reinforce, secure, stabilise, stabilize, steady, substantiate
add alcohol to (beverages)
同义词集:
spike
lace
fortify
the punch is spiked!
上位: alter, change, modify
add nutrients to
同义词集:
fortify
fortified milk
上位: add
prepare oneself for a military confrontation;
同义词集:
arm
build up
fortify
gird
The U.S. is girding for a conflict in the Middle East
troops are building up on the Iraqi border
反义: demilitarise, demilitarize, disarm
下位: forearm
enclose by or as if by a fortification
同义词集:
fortify
fort
上位: close in, enclose, inclose, shut in
下位: trench
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 fortis“强大的、坚固的”，经古法语进入英语；词根本身带有“使变强”的意思。
From Late Middle English fortifien, fortfien (“to strengthen (a castle, etc.) from attack; to strengthen (an army, etc.); to strengthen (a person), aid, support; to reinforce, support; to improve; to increase the efficacy of”), from Old French fortifier (modern French fortifier), from Late Latin fortificāre (“to strengthen, fortify”), from Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to ascend, rise up; to be elevated or up high”) or *dʰerǵʰ- (“to be firm; robust, strong”)) + -ficō (suffix forming causative or factitive, or other verbs).
🔄 变式
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imperat
fortified
1st_sg
fortifiedst
archaic
fortifies
present
fortifiest
archaic
fortifieth
archaic
fortifying
present
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