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forsake
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🇺🇸 /fɔɹsˈeɪk/
🇬🇧 /fə-/
forsake 是一个正式、文学色彩较强的动词,核心意思是永久抛弃、离开或放弃某人、某物或某种信念;另有几个现已罕见的旧义。
💡 记忆钩子
把某人或某物从身边彻底推开、断绝关系,就是 forsake:先是“抛弃、离开”,旧时也可延伸为“拒绝接受”或“躲开不理”;还可形容原本应有的支持或供应“离开了”某人,即让人失望或不再够用。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“永久抛弃、背弃”的核心义,不要把 forsake 当作普通的“离开”;它通常带有决绝、背弃或放弃的意味。
- 几个“拒绝、躲避、使失望”的义项主要属于旧式用法,阅读古典或宗教文献时再识记即可。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 抛弃;背弃;放弃📖 指永久离开或不再支持某人、某物、某种责任或信念,常带有背弃和决绝放手的意味。💡 常用结构是“forsake + 人/事物”,宾语可以是人、家园、责任、原则或信仰。它通常暗示关系或承诺被彻底割断,不只是暂时离开;语体偏正式、文学或宗教。不要把它当作中性的“离开”,普通场合通常会换用更常见的词。transitiveHe forsook his comfortable life to care for his sick mother.他放弃了舒适的生活,去照料生病的母亲。She would never forsake her friends in a time of need.她绝不会在朋友需要帮助时抛弃他们。
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rare 拒绝接受📖 旧时可指拒绝别人提供的食物、机会或其他东西,也就是把递到面前的东西推开;这种用法如今基本过时。💡 可理解为“forsake + 所提供的事物”,但现代英语中几乎不用来表示普通的拒绝。这个义项主要出现在古旧文学或历史文本中,现代表达通常使用更直接的词。obsolete transitive
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rare 躲避;避开📖 旧时也可指有意避开某人或某物,仿佛把它从自己的道路上推开;现代英语中通常不用此义。💡 若在旧文本中遇到“forsake + 人/事物”,要根据上下文判断它是否只是“避开”而非“抛弃”。现代英语里,这一义项已不自然,不能照搬到日常表达中。obsolete transitive
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rare 使失望;不再支持📖 旧时可指某种帮助、供应或能力离开某人,因而使其失望或变得不够用;这是从“支持被抛下”延伸出的罕见义项。💡 常见于“某物 forsake 某人”这类旧式写法,主语通常是食物、力量、好运等原本能提供支持的东西。现代英语中几乎不这样说,阅读时可按“停止供应、让人失望”理解。obsolete transitive
forsakes
present,singular,third-person
forsaking
participle,present
forsook
past
forsaken
participle,past
forsake
first-person,present,singular
forsook
first-person,past,singular
forsake
present,second-person,singular
forsakest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
forsook
past,second-person,singular
forsookest
archaic,past,second-person,singular
forsaketh
archaic,present,singular,third-person
forsook
past,singular,third-person
forsake
plural,present
forsook
past,plural
forsake
present,subjunctive
forsook
past,subjunctive
forsake
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 1 组
leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch
同义词集:
abandon
forsake
desolate
desert
The mother deserted her children
上位: leave
下位: ditch, expose, maroon, strand
🌳 词源
源自古英语,含有“离开、远离”和“争辩、拒绝”相关的词素,历史上逐渐发展出“放弃、抛弃”的意思。
From Middle English forsaken (“to abandon, desert, repudiate, withdraw allegiance from”), from Old English forsacan (“to oppose; to give up, renounce; to decline, refuse”), from Proto-West Germanic *frasakan (“to forsake, renounce”). By surface analysis, for- + sake.
Cognates include Saterland Frisian ferseeke (“to deny, refuse”), West Frisian fersaakje, Dutch verzaken (“to renounce, forsake”), Middle High German versachen (“to deny”), Danish forsage (“to give up”), Swedish försaka (“to be without, give up”), Norwegian forsake (“to give up, renounce”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (sakan, “to quarrel; to rebuke”), .
🔄 变式
-
imperat
forsaken
past
forsakes
present
forsakest
archaic
forsaketh
archaic
forsaking
present
forsook
1st_sg
forsookest
archaic
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