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finish
★★★★
🇺🇸 /fˈɪnɪʃ/
“finish”围绕“把事情推到最后并落定”这一核心，既可表示结束、完成，也可表示事物表面的最后处理、作品的收尾润色，以及体育中的最后一击。
💡 记忆钩子
把“finish”想成越过终点线：事情越过最后一步，就是“结束”或“完成”；物体走到制作的最后一步，就有了表面的“涂层”和作品的“收尾润色”；比赛中最后把球送进门，也叫“finish”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“完成”和“结束”这两个核心义，再扩展到表面处理、润色和体育语境。
- 不要把“finish”只理解成“结束”：它也常强调完成最后步骤或达到最终效果。
- 注意它和“end”的区别： “end”更直接指终点或结束这一事实，“finish”常带有完成任务、做完过程的意味。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 结束；结局📖 指某件事、某段经历或某个人生阶段走到最后，也可以指最终结局。💡 常用“the finish of + 名词”表示某事的结束，也可说“a happy/tragic finish”表示某种结局。它通常强调过程已经走完并落定，不能只用来表示某个中途停止的时刻。在正式叙述中，表示死亡结局时语气可能较委婉或带文学色彩。The story has a surprising finish.这个故事有一个出人意料的结局。
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common 表面涂层；表面效果📖 指木材、金属、汽车等表面最后形成的涂层或外观效果，例如光泽、哑光或保护层。💡 常用“a + 形容词 + finish”描述表面效果，如“a glossy finish”或“a matte finish”。它既可以指实际施加的保护层，也可以指处理后呈现的外观。不要把它误解成物品本身的材质，材质要用表示材料的词说明。The table has a smooth, natural finish.这张桌子的表面处理得平滑自然。
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rare 织物整理处理📖 指为了改变布料的物理或化学性质而进行的最后整理处理，属于纺织等专业语境。💡 通常出现在纺织、制造或产品说明中，常与表示布料处理方式的词搭配。它不是一般意义上的“做完”，而是生产流程中的专门处理步骤。日常谈衣服外观时，通常不需要使用这个专业义。
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common 收尾；润色📖 指作品、计划或工作最后补上的细节和精心处理，使整体完整、精致或更有 polish。💡 常用“the finishing touch”表示使整体完成的最后一点修饰，也可说“the finish on + 作品或物品”。这个义项强调质量和细节，不只是时间上的结束。中文使用者容易把它和单纯的“完成”混同，但这里更突出最后的完善。A few flowers gave the room the perfect finishing touch.几朵花让房间有了恰到好处的最后点缀。
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common 得分射门；最后一击📖 在足球等运动中，指把进攻机会最终变成进球的射门或处理。💡 体育报道中常用“a finish”或“a clinical finish”描述射门完成的方式。它通常出现在球员完成进攻并得分的场景，不等于整场比赛的结束。谈比赛终场时，应根据语境使用表示比赛结束的表达。The striker showed great composure to produce a fine finish.这名前锋十分沉着，完成了一次漂亮的射门得分。
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rare 比赛结束及其安排📖 在某些体育、格斗或职业摔跤俚语中，指比赛收尾的方式或结束阶段。💡 只在特定圈子的非正式讨论中使用，常依赖上下文理解。它不适合普通场合用来泛指比赛结束。正式报道通常会改用更明确的表示比赛结束或终局的说法。slang
finishes
plural
verb
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core 完成；做完📖 指把任务、工作、活动或一件事做到最后，使它完整结束。💡 常用“finish + 名词”或“finish doing + 动作”，例如“finish the report”和“finish reading”。它强调把已经开始的事情做完，不能自然地表示“决定不做”或“暂时停下”。中文使用者最常见的错误是在后面接不定式，应优先记住“finish doing”。transitiveI need to finish my report before lunch.我得在午饭前完成报告。She finished reading the book on the train.她在火车上读完了那本书。
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common 给表面做最后处理📖 指给木材、家具或其他表面施加最后的涂层或处理，使其得到保护并呈现某种外观。💡 常用“finish + 物品 + in/with + 材料或效果”，如“finish the cabinet in oak”。这里的宾语是被处理的物品，不是涂层本身。不要把这种用法和普通的“完成家具”混淆，后者要根据上下文判断是否真的在说表面处理。transitiveThey finished the cabinets in a warm walnut color.他们把橱柜最后处理成温暖的胡桃木色。
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rare 催肥待宰动物📖 在畜牧业中，指在动物即将屠宰前调整饲料，使其增重；这是专业用法。💡 通常用于畜牧业、食品生产或法规语境，宾语是待屠宰的动物。这里不是“把动物处理完”，而是特指屠宰前的饲养阶段。日常英语中几乎不会这样使用，遇到时要结合农业上下文理解。transitive
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core 结束；告终📖 指活动、演出、会议或其他过程自然进行到终点。它描述事情自己结束，而不是某人把它做完。💡 通常作不及物动词，可说“the meeting finished”或“finish at + 时间”。如果后面直接接任务或物品，意思会转为“完成它”，如“finish the work”。表示“以某种方式结束”时，可用“finish with + 名词”，不要把它和“finish doing”混为一谈。intransitiveThe concert finished just after ten.音乐会刚过十点就结束了。
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common 使彻底结束；毁掉📖 指彻底终结某事物，严重时可指毁掉一个人的事业、名声或机会。这个义项比普通的“完成”更强，带有无法继续的意味。💡 常用“finish + 人或事物”，尤其在“finish someone’s career”这类表达中。它常带夸张、威胁或强烈评价色彩，正式表达中要根据语境谨慎使用。不要把它和普通完成义混同，因为这里的结果往往是被彻底终结，而不是顺利做完。transitiveOne serious mistake could finish his career.一个严重的错误就可能毁掉他的职业生涯。
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rare 达到性高潮📖 在成人性语境中，指达到性高潮；这是需要保持中性、临床理解的少数用法。💡 通常作不及物动词，出现在明确的成人语境中。该用法不适合普通学习场景或正式非性话题，不能根据“完成”这一核心义随意推断。涉及健康或医学说明时，应优先使用更明确、正式的术语。intransitive
finishes
present,singular,third-person
finishing
participle,present
finished
participle,past
finished
past
finish
first-person,present,singular
finished
first-person,past,singular
finish
present,second-person,singular
finishest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
finished
past,second-person,singular
finishedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
finisheth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
finished
past,singular,third-person
finish
plural,present
finished
past,plural
finish
present,subjunctive
finished
past,subjunctive
finish
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 15 组
the act of finishing;
同义词集:
finish
finishing
his best finish in a major tournament was third
the speaker's finishing was greeted with applause
反义: beginning, commencement, start
上位: closing, completion, culmination, mop up, windup
下位: close, closing curtain, finale, finis
cause to finish a relationship with somebody
同义词集:
finish
That finished me with Mary
上位: end, terminate
finally be or do something;
同义词集:
finish up
land up
fetch up
end up
wind up
finish
He ended up marrying his high school sweetheart
he wound up being unemployed and living at home again
上位: act, move
come or bring to a finish or an end; ;
同义词集:
complete
finish
He finished the dishes
She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
The fastest runner finished the race in just over 2 hours; others finished in over 4 hours
上位: end, terminate
下位: accomplish, action, carry out, carry through, close, execute, follow out, follow through, follow up, fulfil, fulfill, go through with, implement, put through, top, top off
finish eating all the food on one's plate or on the table
同义词集:
eat up
finish
polish off
She polished off the remaining potatoes
上位: eat
下位: consume, demolish, devour, down, go through
provide with a finish;
同义词集:
finish
The carpenter finished the table beautifully
this shirt is not finished properly
上位: coat, surface
下位: broom, dress
have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical; ; ;
同义词集:
end
stop
finish
terminate
cease
the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed
Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
My property ends by the bushes
The symphony ends in a pianissimo
反义: begin, start
下位: adjourn, break, break up, climax, close, conclude, culminate, disappear, discontinue, go, go away, lapse, recess, run low, run short, vanish
a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance); ;
同义词集:
coating
finish
finishing
the boat had a metallic finish
he applied a coat of a clear finish
when the finish is too thin it is difficult to apply evenly
下位: glaze
(wine tasting) the taste of a wine on the back of the tongue (as it is swallowed)
同义词集:
finish
the wine has a nutty flavor and a pleasant finish
上位: gustatory perception, gustatory sensation, taste, taste perception, taste sensation
event whose occurrence ends something;
同义词集:
ending
conclusion
finish
his death marked the ending of an era
when these final episodes are broadcast it will be the finish of the show
反义: beginning
上位: happening, natural event, occurrence, occurrent
下位: defeat, demolition, destruction, end, final result, halt, last, licking, omega, outcome, result, resultant, stop, termination, triumph, victory, wipeout, z
the downfall of someone (as of persons on one side of a conflict);
同义词集:
finish
booze will be the finish of him
it was a fight to the finish
上位: downfall, ruin, ruination
designated event that concludes a contest (especially a race); ;
同义词集:
finish
excitement grew as the finish neared
my horse was several lengths behind at the finish
the winner is the team with the most points at the finish
上位: happening, natural event, occurrence, occurrent
下位: draw, standoff, tie
the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey);
同义词集:
finish
destination
goal
a crowd assembled at the finish
he was nearly exhausted as their destination came into view
上位: end, terminal
a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality; ; ; --Joseph Conrad
同义词集:
polish
refinement
culture
cultivation
finish
they performed with great polish
I admired the exquisite refinement of his prose
almost an inspiration which gives to all work that finish which is almost art
上位: flawlessness, ne plus ultra, perfection
the temporal end; the concluding time; ;
同义词集:
stopping point
finale
finis
finish
last
conclusion
close
the stopping point of each round was signaled by a bell
the market was up at the finish
they were playing better at the close of the season
上位: end, ending
🌳 词源
源自中古英语，来自古法语和拉丁语，词源与“终点、界限”有关。
From Middle English finishen, finisshen, finischen, from Old French finiss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of finir, from Latin fīnīre, from fīnis (“end, limit, border, boundary”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”) or from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).
🔄 变式
-
imperat
finished
1st_sg
finishedst
archaic
finishes
plural
finishest
archaic
finisheth
archaic
finishing
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根