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fiddle

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🇺🇸 /fˈɪdʌl/ 🇬🇧 /ˈfɪd(ə)l/

intj 编号: F00673 BNC #8776 COCA #11650

fiddle的核心画面是“小提琴式的随手摆弄”：它可以指小提琴或演奏小提琴，也可以引申为坐立不安地摆弄、胡乱调整，甚至篡改账目等不正当操作。

💡 记忆钩子

先想象一个人随手拉着小提琴：乐器叫fiddle，拉琴是“随手玩弄”；手上不停摆弄东西，就有了坐立不安或胡乱修补的意思；如果把账本也这样“动手脚”，便引申为篡改、欺骗。名词还可借小提琴的形状或随意演奏，发展出少数比喻和专门义项。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“（小）提琴”和“演奏小提琴”这两个核心义项，再记“摆弄、胡乱调整”和“篡改账目”等引申义。
不要把动词fiddle一律理解成“拉小提琴”；在fiddle with后面常是“摆弄、乱动某物”，在fiddle the books中则是“篡改账目”。

📖 中文释义

intj

common 哎呀；糟糕

📖 表示轻微的懊恼或失望，相当于不想说较强粗话时用的委婉感叹。

💡 常见句式是“Oh, fiddle!”或“Fiddle!”。它通常单独放在句首或作为独立感叹，语气轻松、略显老派。不要把它误解为在谈小提琴。

Oh, fiddle! I forgot my keys again.

哎呀！我又忘带钥匙了。

noun

core 小提琴

📖 一种四弦、通常用弓拉奏的小型弦乐器，也就是通常所说的小提琴；fiddle这个词比violin更口语，常让人联想到民间或乡村风格的演奏。

💡 常见句式是“play the fiddle”或“a fiddle player”。这个词可指小提琴本身，也可泛指用于非古典演奏的小提琴。正式的乐器说明和古典音乐语境中，violin往往更自然。

She learned to play the fiddle from her grandfather.

她跟祖父学会了拉小提琴。

The fiddle gave the song a lively country sound.

小提琴让这首歌有了活泼的乡村音乐风格。
common 非古典弓弦乐器

📖 有时也泛指小提琴家族中用于民间、乡村等非古典演奏的其他弓弦乐器，但现代普通语境下通常仍可理解为小提琴。

💡 常见于介绍传统音乐时的“a traditional fiddle”或类似搭配。这个用法范围较宽，但不宜在需要精确区分乐器种类的技术说明中随意替代具体名称。学习者通常先把它理解为小提琴即可。

proscribed usually

The band used an old fiddle to give the dance a rougher sound.

乐队用一把旧弓弦乐器，让舞曲听起来更粗犷。
common 首席小提琴手；乐队核心人物

📖 在乐队语境中，fiddle也可指演奏小提琴的人，尤其是重要或首席演奏者。

💡 常见句式是“first fiddle”或“play first fiddle”。它也常用于比喻某人在团队中占主导地位。不要只按字面译成“第一把小提琴”。

Maya plays first fiddle in the band.

玛雅是乐队里的首席小提琴手。
rare 形似小提琴的结构

📖 在生物学等专门语境中，可指形状像小提琴的结构，名称来自这种外形联想。
rare 小丑；逗乐的人

📖 比喻指把自己当作笑料、专门逗一群人开心而不被认真对待的人。

figuratively
common 花招；不踏实的摆弄

📖 比喻某种看似漂亮、实际不熟练或不诚实的做法，带有“只是在表面上动手脚”的感觉。

💡 常见于“some kind of fiddle”或“a bit of fiddle”等表达。它是非正式用法，往往暗示做法不可靠、投机或不透明。不要把它和表示乐器的普通名词义混为一谈。

figuratively informal

The repair looked impressive, but it was just a bit of fiddle.

这次修理看起来很厉害，其实只是些不踏实的花招。
rare 防滑挡条

📖 在船舶、交通工具等语境中，指装在桌边、炉边或托盘上的挡条，用来防止物品滑落。

especially
rare 逮捕令

📖 英国旧俚语中曾指逮捕令，现代普通英语中几乎不这样使用。

UK obsolete slang
rare 守夜人的响器

📖 英国旧俚语中曾指守夜人使用的响器，这一义项现已过时。

UK obsolete slang
rare 少量钱；小数目

📖 英国旧俚语中可指很少的一点钱或很小的数量，现代普通英语中不常见。

UK obsolete slang

fiddles plural

verb

core 拉小提琴

📖 指演奏小提琴，尤其常指民间或乡村风格的随性演奏；这就是从乐器名发展出的基本动词义。

💡 常见句式是“fiddle”单独作不及物动词，或“fiddle a tune”。它通常比play the violin更口语，并常带有民间音乐色彩。不要把它误解为所有正式的小提琴演奏场合都比play the violin自然。

intransitive

He fiddled a cheerful tune while we waited.

我们等候时，他拉了一段欢快的小提琴曲。
common 篡改；做假

📖 指为了欺骗或获利而偷偷改动账目、记录等，像随意摆弄东西一样动手脚。

💡 常见句式是“fiddle the books”或“fiddle the accounts”，通常直接接被篡改的对象。它是非正式表达，常带明显的指责意味；正式语境可改用表示篡改或伪造的更明确说法。不要只把它理解成普通的“小修小改”。

informal transitive

The manager was fired for fiddling the company accounts.

那名经理因篡改公司账目而被解雇。
core 坐立不安地摆弄

📖 指因为紧张、无聊或不安而不停动手动身，或漫无目的地玩弄东西；核心画面就是手一直像摆弄琴弦那样闲不住。

💡 常见句式是“fiddle with something”或“stop fiddling”。with后面通常接被摆弄的物品，单独使用时也可以表示坐立不安。不要把fiddle with误解成认真修理，它往往暗示动作零碎、分心或没有明确目的。

intransitive

Stop fiddling with your phone and listen to me.

别再摆弄手机了，听我说。

She fiddled with her ring during the interview.

面试时她一直不安地摆弄戒指。
common 胡乱调试；小修小改

📖 指没有明确把握地反复做小调整或修补，试图让东西变好，但不一定采用系统的方法。

💡 常见句式是“fiddle with something”或“fiddle around with something”。这个用法比表示坐立不安更接近解决问题，但仍带有随手试、缺少计划的意味。需要表达专业维修或有条理的改进时，不宜优先使用fiddle。

informal intransitive

I fiddled with the settings until the printer started working.

我反复调了几下设置，直到打印机开始工作。
rare 做零工赚钱

📖 英国旧俚语中可指靠做杂活或零工赚一点钱，和拉小提琴没有关系。

UK intransitive obsolete slang

fiddles present,singular,third-person fiddling participle,present fiddled participle,past fiddled past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 8 组

try to fix or mend;

同义词集: tinker fiddle

Can you tinker with the T.V. set--it's not working right

She always fiddles with her van on the weekend

上位: bushel, doctor, fix, furbish up, mend, repair, restore, touch on

play around with or alter or falsify, usually secretively or dishonestly;

同义词集: tamper fiddle monkey

Someone tampered with the documents on my desk

The reporter fiddle with the facts

上位: manipulate

manipulate manually or in one's mind or imagination; ;

同义词集: toy fiddle diddle play

She played nervously with her wedding ring

Don't fiddle with the screws

He played with the idea of running for the Senate

上位: manipulate 下位: put out, retire 参见: entertain, flirt with, think about, think of, toy with

play on a violin

同义词集: fiddle

Zuckerman fiddled that song very nicely

上位: play, spiel

play the violin or fiddle

同义词集: fiddle

上位: play

commit fraud and steal from one's employer

同义词集: fiddle

We found out that she had been fiddling for years

avoid (one's assigned duties)

同义词集: fiddle shirk shrink from goldbrick

The derelict soldier shirked his duties

上位: avoid 下位: slack

bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow

同义词集: violin fiddle

上位: bowed stringed instrument, string

🌳 词源

源自中古英语f ithele，最终来自日耳曼语族中表示弦乐器的词；更早的词源尚有争议。

From Middle English fithele, from Old English *fiþele, from Proto-West Germanic *fiþulā, from Proto-Germanic *fiþulǭ (“fiddle”), of uncertain etymology. Some contest that the Germanic terms are borrowed variations of Late Latin vitula (see viola); others contest that the word has a separate origin within Germanic languages, and still others believe that the Late Latin term for the stringed instrument is a borrowing from Germanic as a change of Latin t to Germanic þ is highly improbable, yet Germanic þ to Latin t is well documented (see troop, trousers, Teobaldo, etc.). Cognate with Old High German fidula (German Fiedel), Middle Dutch vedele (Dutch vedel, veel), Old Norse fiðla (Icelandic fiðla, Danish fiddel, Norwegian fela, Swedish fela). The change from /ðl/ to /dl/ in modern English is regular; compare Bedlam, staddle, swaddle (in brothel, it was prevented; see that entry for discussion).

🔄 变式

fiddled past fiddles plural fiddling present

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