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fatigue
★★
🇺🇸 /fʌtˈiɡ/
fatigue 的核心意思是“因持续用力而疲惫、耗损”;作名词指疲劳,也可指反复受力造成的材料疲劳,作动词指使人疲劳或变得疲劳。
💡 记忆钩子
把 fatigue 想成一股力不断消耗东西:人被体力或脑力消耗后感到疲劳,材料被反复施力后也会出现裂纹并最终断裂;由此还引申出使人疲劳,以及较少见的杂务和军用工作服等意思。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“疲劳、使疲劳”这条主线,再学习工程中的“材料疲劳”;不要把它只理解成一次短暂的困倦。
- 它和普通的“累”不完全一样,常强调持续消耗、过度用力或长期负荷造成的疲惫。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 疲劳;疲惫📖 指体力或脑力持续消耗后产生的疲惫状态,也可以指一次辛苦的劳累过程。重点不是普通的短暂困倦,而是“被消耗得很累”。💡 常用“recover from fatigue”“mental fatigue”这类结构,或说“fatigue caused by...”来说明疲劳来源。作不可数名词时指一般状态;说几次具体的辛劳时可用复数形式。不要把它机械地当成任何“累”的同义词,在轻松口语中通常用更普通的表达。countable uncountableAfter the long hike, she felt severe fatigue in her legs.长途徒步后,她感到双腿极度疲劳。Lack of sleep can lead to mental fatigue.睡眠不足可能导致精神疲劳。
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rare 杂务;苦差事📖 旧式或特定机构语境中,指尤其是军队里的日常杂务或苦差事;这些工作本身被看作会消耗人的劳累任务。💡 通常用复数形式,常见于历史、军事或较正式的叙述中。可放在“军队杂务、值勤杂务”一类语境里,但现代日常对话中很少这样使用。不要把它误解为一般意义上的“疲劳”。countable in-plural often uncountable
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common 材料疲劳📖 指材料在反复受到机械应力后逐渐变弱、出现裂纹,最后可能断裂;这就像材料也被持续的力量“耗累”了。💡 工程语境中常用“failure due to fatigue”“fatigue crack”或“fatigue testing”等搭配。这里的 fatigue 通常不可数,指一种失效过程或机制。不要把它理解为材料温度升高或一次冲击造成的普通损坏。countable uncountableThe bridge was inspected for signs of metal fatigue.这座桥接受了检查,以寻找金属疲劳的迹象。
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rare 军用工作服的定语形式📖 在美国英语的军事语境中,fatigue 放在名词前,指做杂务时穿的军用工作服;它来自“杂务”这一旧义。💡 它主要出现在固定的军事服装组合中,作前置定语而不是普通的独立名词。这个用法带有美国军事语境色彩,现代一般服装话题中不要随意使用。需要表达普通工作服时,应选择更常见的词。US attributive countable form-of uncountable
fatigues
plural
verb
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core 使疲劳📖 指体力或脑力活动把某人消耗得很累,强调造成疲劳的动作。它把名词的“疲劳状态”变成了“使人疲劳”的过程。💡 常用“fatigue someone”或“be fatigued by...”的结构,宾语通常是人。这个动词比普通口语表达更正式,常见于医学、工作或正式说明中。不要把它和表示“厌烦”的词混为一谈。transitiveThe demanding schedule fatigued the young athletes.紧张的日程使年轻运动员疲惫不堪。The long meeting fatigued everyone in the room.长时间的会议让房间里的每个人都感到疲惫。
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rare 使沙拉变蔫📖 烹饪中指把调味汁拌入沙拉,使蔬菜因调味和搅拌而变软、变蔫;可以看作食材也被处理得失去原来的挺立状态。💡 常用“fatigue a salad”这一烹饪结构,宾语通常是沙拉。它是少见的专业或文学化用法,现代日常烹饪中不宜把它当作“拌沙拉”的普通说法。学习时记住即可,不必优先主动使用。transitive
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core 变得疲劳📖 指人因持续活动而逐渐失去力气,变得疲惫、虚弱或筋疲力尽;这里强调主体自己被消耗。💡 常用不及物结构“become or grow fatigued”,也可说“fatigue during...”来说明在某项活动中变累。这个用法比普通口语更正式,常见于报告、医疗或书面说明。不要在后面直接接表示人的宾语;要使某人疲劳应使用及物用法。intransitiveWorkers quickly fatigued in the intense summer heat.工人在酷热的夏天很快就感到疲惫。
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common 因疲劳而失效📖 在工程语境中,指材料或部件经历反复负荷后进入疲劳状态并最终失效;它是“材料被持续消耗”的结果。💡 主语通常是金属、部件或结构,常与“under repeated loading”“after many cycles”等结构连用。这里不是说工程师把材料弄累,而是说材料自身经历了疲劳失效。普通人物主语不使用这一技术义。intransitiveThe old bolt fatigued after thousands of loading cycles.那枚旧螺栓在数千次负荷循环后因疲劳而失效。
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common 使材料因反复受力而疲劳失效📖 指反复的压力、拉力或其他机械负荷使材料逐渐产生疲劳,最后可能裂开或断裂;这是名词“材料疲劳”的使动表达。💡 常用“fatigue a material/component”或“repeated cycles fatigued...”的结构,宾语是金属、结构或部件。它属于工程技术用语,不能用来泛指把人弄累。说明最终后果时,常另外说明裂纹、断裂或失效。transitiveRepeated pressure cycles fatigued the metal and caused a crack.反复的压力循环使金属产生疲劳,并导致了一道裂纹。
fatigues
present,singular,third-person
fatiguing
participle,present
fatigued
participle,past
fatigued
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress
同义词集:
tire
wear upon
tire out
wear
weary
jade
wear out
outwear
wear down
fag out
fag
fatigue
We wore ourselves out on this hike
反义: freshen, refresh, refreshen
下位: beat, exhaust, tucker, tucker out, wash up
lose interest or become bored with something or somebody
同义词集:
tire
pall
weary
fatigue
jade
I'm so tired of your mother and her complaints about my food
上位: degenerate, deteriorate, devolve, drop
下位: retire, withdraw
labor of a nonmilitary kind done by soldiers (cleaning or digging or draining or so on);
同义词集:
fatigue duty
fatigue
the soldiers were put on fatigue to teach them a lesson
they were assigned to kitchen fatigues
上位: assignment, duty assignment
(always used with a modifier) boredom resulting from overexposure to something; ; ;
同义词集:
fatigue
he was suffering from museum fatigue
after watching TV with her husband she had a bad case of football fatigue
the American public is experiencing scandal fatigue
political fatigue
上位: boredom, ennui, tedium
temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work; ;
同义词集:
fatigue
weariness
tiredness
he was hospitalized for extreme fatigue
growing fatigue was apparent from the decline in the execution of their athletic skills
weariness overcame her after twelve hours and she fell asleep
下位: exhaustion
used of materials (especially metals) in a weakened state caused by long stress
同义词集:
fatigue
metal fatigue
上位: failing, weakness
🌳 词源
来自法语,最终源自拉丁语,原义与“使疲惫、使劳累、困扰”有关。
Latin fatīgārelbor.
French fatiguerdeverb.
French fatiguebor.
English fatigue
From French fatigue, from fatiguer, from Latin fatīgāre (“to weary, tire, vex, harass”).
🔄 变式
fatigued
past
fatigues
plural
fatiguing
present
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