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fall

★★★★★

🇺🇸 /fˈɔl/ 🇬🇧 /fɔːl/

intj 编号: F00184 牛津3000 BNC #332 COCA #410

“fall”最核心的意思是“落下、下降”，既可作动词，也可作名词，表示下落这一动作或一次跌落；它还常表示数量、水平等“下降”，以及秋季。在较少见或专门的用法中，还可表示失势、发生、降临等。

💡 记忆钩子

把“fall”想成从高处向下：物体会落下，价格会下降，人可能跌倒或失势；树叶落下的季节就是秋季，因此“fall”也表示“秋天”。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“落下”和“下降”这条主线，再扩展到“失势”“发生”等引申义。
表示秋季时，“fall”主要是美式英语的常用说法，英式英语更常用“autumn”。
注意“fall”既能作动词表示落下，也能作名词表示跌落或下降；具体含义要看上下文。

📖 中文释义

intj

rare 捕鲸喊声

📖 在捕鲸或追踪鲸鱼时，发现鲸鱼或将其刺中后喊出的声音。

💡 通常单独喊出，不作普通句子的谓语或宾语。这个用法带有历史航海色彩，不应在日常场合用来表示普通的惊叫。

name

rare 人类堕落

📖 在基督教神学中，指亚当和夏娃违背上帝命令后，人类从原本状态堕入罪的事件。它正体现了从高处向下的记忆画面，但这里是道德和宗教意义上的“坠落”。

💡 通常出现在特定宗教表达或神学讨论中，并常大写为专名。不要把它当作普通的“跌倒”或一般意义上的犯错来使用。
rare 姓氏

📖 Fall也可以是英语姓氏的一部分。

💡 通常直接跟在名字后面，或用于称呼和正式记录。这里是专名，不表示“落下”或“秋天”，首字母通常大写。

Falls plural

noun

core 下落；跌落

📖 指物体受重力影响从较高位置向下移动，也可指人跌倒这一动作或事件。它是记忆画面中最直接的“从高处向下”。

💡 常用“the fall of + 名词”表示某物的下落，也可说“a fall”表示一次跌落。表示人跌倒时通常说“have a fall”或“take a fall”；不要把它和表示动作过程的动词混用。

countable uncountable

The fall of snow covered the road by morning.

一夜之间落下的雪盖住了道路。

She had a bad fall while climbing the stairs.

她上楼梯时重重摔了一跤。
common 下降；减少

📖 指数量、价格、音调或水平从较高状态变低，就像从高处向下落。

💡 常用“a fall in + 数量或水平”表示某项指标下降，也可说“a fall of + 数值或比例”。不要把它只理解为物体掉落；价格、需求和温度等抽象对象也很常见。

countable uncountable

The fall in fuel prices was good news for drivers.

燃油价格下降对司机来说是个好消息。
core 秋天；秋季

📖 指树叶通常落下的季节，也就是秋季；这是由“树叶落下”的画面引申来的用法。

💡 主要用于美国和加拿大英语，通常与“in”连用，如“in the fall”，或说“fall weather”。英国英语更常用“autumn”；不要把表示季节的fall误解为“跌倒”。

Canada US archaic countable uncountable

We plan to visit the mountains in the fall.

我们计划秋天去山区。

The trees turn bright red every fall.

每年秋天，树木都会变成鲜红色。
common 失势；衰败

📖 指个人、政权、城市或机构从强盛、重要的地位跌落下来，强调地位或影响力的下降。

💡 常用“the fall of + 人物、政权或城市”表示其衰败或覆灭。这个搭配多用于历史、政治和正式文章；不要只在实际跌倒时使用。

countable uncountable

The fall of the old empire changed the map of the region.

那个古老帝国的衰落改变了该地区的版图。
rare 下落物；瀑布状垂落物

📖 指向下落下或连续垂落的东西，例如垂下来的头发或水流。

💡 通常用于文学描写或特定语境，常与头发、水等能向下垂落的事物搭配。日常表达具体瀑布时通常使用更明确的词，不要把所有下落物都称为fall。

countable uncountable
rare 落差；下落高度

📖 指某物从高处落下或垂落时所达到的高度或距离。

💡 多用于工程、地理或描写水流的语境，常与表示高度或距离的短语连用。日常谈论物体掉落时通常直接说明高度，不常单独使用这一义项。

countable uncountable
rare 关键事件

📖 在某些球类运动中，指决定比赛进程的关键事件或局面。

💡 只用于少数运动术语和固定规则语境，不能泛指日常生活中的任何重要事件。使用前要确认上下文确实是相关运动。

countable uncountable
common 假发片

📖 指固定在编织底网上、用来遮盖脱发部位的一束较长头发。

💡 通常与假发、脱发护理或美容语境中的“wear”或“hair”搭配。它是可数名词时常指一件假发片；不要把它与普通垂下的头发混为一谈。

countable uncountable

She wore a fall to cover the thinning hair at her crown.

她戴了一块假发片，遮住头顶稀疏的头发。
common 替人背锅；惩罚

📖 指因失败或过错而承担责备、处罚或损失，常含有替别人承担责任的意思。这里仍像是从高处跌下：某人被推下去，成为承担后果的人。

💡 最常见的结构是“take the fall for + 人或事情”，表示替某人或某事背锅；也可说“make someone take the fall”。这是非正式用法，正式场合可改用表示承担责任的表达。

US countable informal uncountable

He took the fall for a mistake made by his manager.

他替经理犯的错误背了锅。

The company blamed a junior employee to make him take the fall.

公司把责任推给一名初级员工，让他承担后果。
rare 起重绳受力段

📖 在航海起重装置中，指用来施力、拉动并提升重物的那一段绳索。

💡 这是航海和绳索装置术语，常用复数形式“falls”。不用于普通绳子的任意一段，非专业语境中应改用更一般的绳索名称。

countable uncountable
rare 苏格兰旧长度单位

📖 指苏格兰旧时使用的一种长度单位，等于六个旧英尺单位。

💡 只见于历史计量或苏格兰方言资料，现代日常英语中不使用。遇到历史文本时要结合上下文判断其具体计量含义。

countable uncountable
rare 鞭梢皮条

📖 指牛鞭中连接鞭身和鞭梢的一小段柔韧皮革。

💡 仅用于鞭具制作或修理语境，通常与“whip”搭配。不要把它理解成普通的跌落或垂下物。

countable uncountable
rare 钢琴键盖

📖 指钢琴上盖住键盘的盖板。

💡 这是钢琴构造术语，通常在说明钢琴部件或演奏动作时使用。日常英语中一般直接说钢琴键盘盖，不会用它表示普通的盖子。

countable uncountable

falls plural

noun

rare 追捕鲸鱼

📖 指追赶、围捕被猎取的鲸鱼这一过程。

💡 只用于捕鲸和历史航海语境，通常与表示追逐或捕猎的词搭配。不要把它用作普通的“追赶”或“跌落”。

falls plural

verb

core 落下

📖 表示人或物从较高处向下移动，正是记忆中“从高处向下”的基本画面。

💡 常用结构是fall＋距离、地点或方向短语，如fall to the ground和fall from a height。它通常是不及物用法；若要表示“把某物扔下”，应使用throw或drop，而不是把fall直接当作普通及物动词。

intransitive

The glass fell from the table and broke.

玻璃杯从桌上掉下来摔碎了。

Snow fell throughout the night.

雪下了一整夜。
rare 使向下移动

📖 这是fall作及物动词表示“使某物落下”的过时用法，现代英语中几乎不用。

💡 这种用法只会在古旧或历史文本中见到，现代表达应改用drop、lower或knock down。不要把现代不及物的fall直接当作“使……掉下”的常用动词。

obsolete transitive
rare 砍倒

📖 在少数地区或古旧用法中，fall可作及物动词表示砍倒树木。

💡 “fall a tree”带有方言、地区或古旧色彩，不能作为普通学习者的通用表达。现代英语通常说cut down或fell a tree。

UK US archaic dialectal transitive
common 变得更糟

📖 表示状态发生通常偏负面的变化，例如从健康变成生病；可以理解为情况向下掉。

💡 常用结构是fall＋形容词或过去分词，如fall ill、fall silent和fall asleep。这里的fall相当于“变得”，后面接状态词，不要误解为身体真的跌落。

copulative intransitive

She fell ill during the trip.

她在旅途中病倒了。
common 失守或衰落

📖 可表示城市、政权、组织或个人地位从高处跌下，变得失败、衰落或被攻陷。

💡 常用结构是fall to＋对手或势力，或fall from power表示失去权力。用于历史和正式叙述时很自然；若只说身体摔倒，则应使用另一个更具体的意思。

intransitive

The fortress fell to the enemy after a long siege.

这座要塞经过长期围攻后被敌人攻陷了。
common 阵亡

📖 在正式或委婉的语境中，fall可表示士兵在战争中死亡，带有“倒下”的形象。

💡 通常用过去式或过去分词，如those who fell，常见于战争纪念、悼词和历史文章。它是委婉而正式的说法，日常谈论普通死亡时不要随意替代die。

euphemistic formal intransitive

The memorial honors the soldiers who fell in the war.

这座纪念碑缅怀战争中阵亡的士兵。
common 适逢

📖 表示某个节日、日期或事件恰好在某一天发生，相当于“适逢、落在”。

💡 常用结构是fall on＋日期、星期或节日，如fall on a Monday。主语通常是节日、生日、截止日期等，而不是具体的人；不要按“跌倒”来理解。

My birthday falls on a Saturday this year.

我的生日今年适逢星期六。
common 落到某人身上

📖 表示某项责任、任务或机会因安排、命运或偶然而落到某人身上。

💡 常用结构是fall to somebody to do something，表示“由某人负责做某事”；也可说fall to somebody表示归某人所有。这个结构较正式，日常口语也可用be up to或be left to。

intransitive

It fell to Maya to explain the mistake to the clients.

向客户解释这个错误的任务落到了玛雅身上。
core 使下降

📖 这是fall的古旧及物用法，表示把价格、数量或水平降低；它仍保留了“向下”的核心画面。

💡 现代英语中几乎不这样用，通常说lower、reduce或bring down＋对象。学习者尤其不要把fall当作现代英语中普通的“降低”及物动词。

obsolete transitive
rare 使生产幼崽

📖 这是过时的农业用法，表示使某些母畜生下幼崽。

💡 只可能在古旧农业文本中出现，现代英语应使用give birth to、have或produce young。不要把它与常见的fall pregnant混为一谈。

obsolete transitive
rare 出生

📖 这是古旧用法，表示某些动物的幼崽出生或被生下来。

💡 现代英语通常说be born、be born to或be born of；这种fall只适合阅读历史或古典材料时识别。日常表达中不要用fall表示出生。

intransitive obsolete
common 堕落

📖 表示人的品格、名声或行为从较高状态向下滑落，变得邪恶、错误或有失身份。

💡 常用结构是fall into＋罪恶、错误或坏习惯，也可用fall from grace表示失宠或失去道德声誉。这个意思多见于正式、宗教或文学语境，不能简单替代普通的“失败”。

intransitive

The once-admired leader fell into corruption.

那位曾备受敬仰的领导人堕入了腐败。
common 陷入困境

📖 表示不小心进入错误、麻烦或更糟的处境，好像向下掉进了某个圈套。

💡 常用结构是fall into＋名词，如fall into trouble、fall into debt和fall into a trap。这里的into很重要；若表示主动开始做某事，通常不用fall into。

intransitive

Without a budget, many students fall into debt.

没有预算，许多学生会陷入债务。
rare 神情沮丧

📖 用于脸色或表情时，表示人显得羞愧、失望或沮丧，仿佛精神状态向下坠落。

💡 常见结构是one's face or expression falls，带有文学或叙事色彩。现代日常英语更常说look disappointed、look downcast或one's face falls。

intransitive
rare 发生或结果如何

📖 这是古旧或文学用法，表示事情发生、碰巧遇到，或最终呈现某种结果。

💡 多见于固定的古旧表达或文学叙述，现代英语通常用happen、turn out或come about。不要把它与表示日期适逢的fall on混用。

intransitive
common 突然开始

📖 表示突然迅速而有力地开始做某事，常带有冲上去或投入其中的感觉。

💡 常见结构是fall to＋名词或动名词，表示开始认真做某事；fall to blows则表示打了起来。这个用法比start更有文学或叙事色彩，不能用于所有普通的“开始”。

intransitive

After the meeting, everyone fell to work on the report.

会议结束后，大家立即投入报告的撰写工作。
common 不经意说出

📖 表示一句话、评论或秘密不小心从嘴里说出来，强调说话人并非有意透露。

💡 常用结构是words、a remark或a name fall from somebody's lips。这个用法通常带有书面或叙事色彩；日常口语更常说let slip或blurt out。

intransitive

A hint of worry fell from his lips before he changed the subject.

他不经意间流露出一丝担忧，随后便换了话题。
common 垂下

📖 表示衣物、头发、布料等受重力影响自然向下垂挂，而不是突然掉落。

💡 常用结构是fall＋介词短语或方向，如fall to the floor、fall over the shoulders；也常用来描述衣服的垂坠感。要表达“从某处掉下来”，通常需要from或down等结构来避免歧义。

intransitive

Her scarf fell loosely over her shoulders.

她的围巾松松地垂在肩头。
rare 去某处

📖 这是特定地区口语俚语，表示去某个地方拜访或活动。

💡 常见结构是fall over to＋地点，带有美国黑人英语和非正式地区色彩。正式场合或面向广泛英语使用者时，应使用go to、come over或drop by。

intransitive slang

falls present,singular,third-person falling participle,present fell past fallen participle,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 44 组

the act of surrendering (usually under agreed conditions)

同义词集: capitulation fall surrender

they were protected until the capitulation of the fort

上位: loss

a sudden drop from an upright position

同义词集: spill tumble fall

he had a nasty spill on the ice

上位: slip, trip 下位: wipeout

pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind; ; ; ; ; ; ;

同义词集: fall

fall into a trap

She fell ill

They fell out of favor

Fall in love

fall asleep

fall prey to an imposter

fall into a strange way of thinking

she fell to pieces after she lost her work

上位: change state, turn 下位: drop 参见: break, come apart, crumble, dawdle, drop away, drop off, fall apart, fall away, fall back, fall behind, fall flat, fall through, flop, founder, lag, separate, slip, split up

decrease in size, extent, or range; ; ;

同义词集: decrease diminish lessen fall

The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester

The cabin pressure fell dramatically

her weight fell to under a hundred pounds

his voice fell to a whisper

反义: increase 下位: abate, boil down, break, concentrate, contract, de-escalate, decelerate, decline, decoct, die away, ease off, ease up, flag, fly, go down, let up, reduce, remit, retard, shorten, shrink, shrivel, shrivel up, slack, slack off, slacken off, slow, slow down, slow up, taper, vanish, vaporize, wane, weaken, wither

come as if by falling;

同义词集: fall descend settle

Night fell

Silence fell

上位: come

go as if by falling

同义词集: fall

Grief fell from our hearts

上位: disappear, go away, vanish

occur at a specified time or place;

同义词集: fall

Christmas falls on a Monday this year

The accent falls on the first syllable

上位: come about, fall out, go on, hap, happen, occur, pass, pass off, take place

begin vigorously

同义词集: fall

The prisoners fell to work right away

上位: begin, commence, get, get down, set about, set out, start, start out

be born, used chiefly of lambs

同义词集: fall

The lambs fell in the afternoon

come out; issue

同义词集: fall

silly phrases fell from her mouth

上位: come forth, come out, egress, emerge, go forth, issue

be cast down

同义词集: fall

his eyes fell

上位: change

assume a disappointed or sad expression;

同义词集: fall

Her face fell when she heard that she would be laid off

his crest fell

上位: change

a lapse into sin; a loss of innocence or of chastity

同义词集: fall

a fall from virtue

上位: sin, sinning

fall or flow in a certain way;

同义词集: hang fall flow

This dress hangs well

Her long black hair flowed down her back

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way; ; ;

同义词集: descend fall go down come down

The temperature is going down

The barometer is falling

The curtain fell on the diva

Her hand went up and then fell again

反义: arise, ascend, come up, go up, lift, move up, rise, uprise 上位: go, locomote, move, travel 下位: alight, avalanche, cascade, cascade down, climb down, correct, crash, decline, dismount, dive, drip, drop, flop, get down, get off, go down, go under, light, pitch, plunge, plunk, pounce, precipitate, roll down, set, settle, sink, slump, subside, swoop, topple, tumble, unhorse 参见: break, cave in, collapse, fall in, founder, give, give way

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity;

同义词集: fall

The branch fell from the tree

The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse

上位: go, locomote, move, travel

drop oneself to a lower or less erect position;

同义词集: fall

She fell back in her chair

He fell to his knees

lose an upright position suddenly;

同义词集: fall fall down

The vase fell over and the water spilled onto the table

Her hair fell across her forehead

slope downward

同义词集: fall

The hills around here fall towards the ocean

上位: incline, pitch, slope

move in a specified direction

同义词集: fall

The line of men fall forward

上位: go, locomote, move, travel

be inherited by; ;

同义词集: fall return pass devolve

The estate fell to my sister

The land returned to the family

The estate devolved to an heir that everybody had assumed to be dead

下位: light

fall to somebody by assignment or lot;

同义词集: fall light

The task fell to me

It fell to me to notify the parents of the victims

上位: devolve, pass, return

come into the possession of

同义词集: accrue fall

The house accrued to the oldest son

be captured

同义词集: fall

The cities fell to the enemy

上位: yield

to be given by assignment or distribution; ;

同义词集: fall

The most difficult task fell on the youngest member of the team

The onus fell on us

The pressure to succeed fell on the youngest student

to be given by right or inheritance

同义词集: fall

The estate fell to the oldest daughter

lose office or power;

同义词集: fall

The government fell overnight

The Qing Dynasty fell with Sun Yat-sen

上位: leave office, quit, resign, step down

suffer defeat, failure, or ruin;

同义词集: fall

We must stand or fall

fall by the wayside

上位: fail, go wrong, miscarry

yield to temptation or sin

同义词集: fall

Adam and Eve fell

上位: sin, transgress, trespass

lose one's chastity

同义词集: fall

a fallen woman

touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly; ; ;

同义词集: fall shine strike

Light fell on her face

The sun shone on the fields

The light struck the golden necklace

A strange sound struck my ears

上位: come about, fall out, go on, hap, happen, occur, pass, pass off, take place

die, as in battle or in a hunt; ;

同义词集: fall

Many soldiers fell at Verdun

Several deer have fallen to the same gun

The shooting victim fell dead

上位: buy the farm, cash in one's chips, choke, conk, croak, decease, die, drop dead, exit, expire, give-up the ghost, go, kick the bucket, pass, pass away, perish, pop off, snuff it

be due

同义词集: fall

payments fall on the 1st of the month

上位: be

come under, be classified or included;

同义词集: fall come

fall into a category

This comes under a new heading

上位: be

fall from clouds;

同义词集: precipitate come down fall

rain, snow and sleet were falling

Vesuvius precipitated its fiery, destructive rage on Herculaneum

下位: hail, rain, rain down, sleet, snow, spat

a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity; ; ;

同义词集: drop dip fall free fall

a drop of 57 points on the Dow Jones index

there was a drop in pressure in the pulmonary artery

a dip in prices

when that became known the price of their stock went into free fall

上位: decrease, decrement 下位: correction

a free and rapid descent by the force of gravity

同义词集: drop fall

it was a miracle that he survived the drop from that height

上位: descent 下位: plunge, precipitation

a movement downward

同义词集: fall

the rise and fall of the tides

反义: ascension, ascent, rise, rising 上位: change of location, travel

a sudden decline in strength or number or importance

同义词集: fall downfall

the fall of the House of Hapsburg

反义: rise 上位: weakening

when a wrestler's shoulders are forced to the mat

同义词集: fall pin

上位: triumph, victory 下位: takedown

the lapse of mankind into sinfulness because of the sin of Adam and Eve

同义词集: fall

women have been blamed ever since the Fall

a downward slope or bend

同义词集: descent declivity fall decline declination declension downslope

反义: acclivity, ascent, climb, raise, rise, upgrade 上位: incline, side, slope 下位: downhill, steep

the time of day immediately following sunset;

同义词集: twilight dusk gloaming gloam nightfall evenfall fall crepuscule crepuscle

he loved the twilight

they finished before the fall of night

上位: hour, time of day 下位: night

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

同义词集: fall autumn

in the fall of 1973

上位: season, time of year

🌳 词源

动词和主要名词义都源自古英语中表示“落下、跌落”的词根；“秋季”一义与树叶落下有关，源于“落叶的季节”。

Verb from Middle English fallen, from Old English feallan (“to fall, fail, decay, die, attack”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallan (“to fall”), from Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃elh₁- (“to collapse, fall; to destroy”). Cognates Cognate with Scots faw (“to fall”), Yola vale, vall, vole (“to fall”), North Frisian faal, fåle (“to fall”), Saterland Frisian faale (“to fall”), West Frisian falle (“to fall”), Bavarian foin (“to fall”), Cimbrian ballan, vallan (“to fall”), Dutch vallen (“to fall”), German and Low German fallen (“to fall”), Luxembourgish falen (“to fall”), Yiddish פֿאַלן (faln, “to fall”), Danish falde (“to fall”), Faroese, Icelandic, and Swedish falla (“to fall”), Norwegian Bokmål falle (“to fall”), Norwegian Nynorsk falla, falle (“to fall”); also Latin aboleō (“to destroy; to die”), Ancient Greek ὄλλῡμι (óllūmi, “to destroy; to lose”), Armenian եղեռն (eġeṙn, “crime; calamity, catastrophe; slaughter”), Lithuanian pùlti (“to fall; to attack, assault”). Noun from Middle English fal, fall, falle, from Old English feall, ġefeall (“a falling, fall”) and Old English fealle (“trap, snare”), from Proto-Germanic *fallą, *fallaz (“a fall, trap”). Cognate with Yola vall (“fall”), Dutch val (“fall”), German Fall (“fall”), Danish fald (“fall”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish fall (“fall”). Sense of "autumn" is attested by the 1660s in England as a shortening of fall of the leaf (1540s), from the falling of leaves during this season. Along with autumn, it mostly replaced the older name harvest as that name began to be associated strictly with the act of harvesting. Compare spring, which began as a shortening of “spring of the leaf”.

🔄 变式

fallen past falling present Falls plural fell past

🏷 单词标签 & 词根