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fail
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /fˈeɪl/
fail 的核心概念是“没有达到预期”:可以指人或计划不成功、机器停止正常运转,也可以指考试不及格;作名词时还可指失败本身,作形容词时常表示“很糟、失败了”。此外,Fail 也可作姓氏,并有一个罕见的“草皮块”名词义。
💡 记忆钩子
把 fail 想成“目标线没有被越过”:人没有完成目标,计划或考试没有通过,机器没有正常运行,都是 fail;这个“没有达到预期”的结果还可以变成名词 a fail,或在口语中直接形容某件事很糟。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“失败、未能做到”和“考试不及格”,再学习名词和形容词用法。
- fail 不只是“失败的人”;它也常表示某次行动、机器或考试没有达到要求。
- 注意 fail someone 可能表示“使某人考试不及格”,而 fail to do something 表示“未能做某事”,两者结构和意思不同。
📖 中文释义
adj
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common 很糟;失败的📖 表示某人、某件事或某种结果没有达到应有标准,因而显得很糟或不可接受;它把“没有越过目标线”的结果直接当作评价。💡 常用作表语,尤其见于“那真是太失败了”这一类感叹式表达,也可放在名词后作非正式补充说明。这个用法主要是美国口语、俚语和网络用语,正式场合不要把它当作普通的“失败的”来随意修饰名词。US slangPosting that private photo online was a total fail.把那张私人照片发到网上真是太失败了。
more fail
comparative
most fail
superlative
name
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common 姓氏📖 Fail 可以是一个英语姓氏,出现在人的全名中;此时它是姓名的一部分,不表示“失败”。💡 用作姓氏时写作大写的“Fail”,通常放在名字之后,也可以单独用来称呼或指代某人。它属于专名用法,不能根据普通词义给这个人的姓氏作字面翻译。Dr. Fail will speak at the meeting tomorrow.费尔博士明天将在会议上发言。
Fails
plural
noun
-
common 交易失败📖 在金融或交易语境中,a fail 指一项本应完成却没有完成的交易或操作,像是交易没有越过最后的完成线。💡 常见结构是“a fail in the settlement of a trade”或“a settlement fail”,多用于金融、证券和业务报告。这个义项是专业用语,不要在普通谈论计划失败时优先使用它;普通语境通常说 failure 或 a failed transaction。countable uncountableThe bank reported a fail in the settlement of the bond trade.银行报告说,这笔债券交易的结算未能完成。
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common 不及格📖 在考试或课程中,a fail 指没有达到及格要求的成绩或结果,也可以指这个不及格的成绩本身。💡 常见于“get a fail”和“receive a fail”等搭配,具体教育体系也可能直接用表示“不及格成绩”的其他词。它比动词形式更像是在谈成绩结果;说“我考试没通过”时,也可以用“fail an exam”。countable uncountableA fail in the final exam means that she must repeat the course.期末考试不及格意味着她必须重修这门课。
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common 失败的事;失败结果📖 在美国口语和俚语中,a fail 指一个明显没有成功的行动、计划或结果,常带有轻松、调侃的语气。💡 常用“a total fail”“an epic fail”等表达,通常用于非正式谈话、社交媒体或评论。正式写作中宜改用 failure 或具体说明哪里没有成功,因为 a fail 的俚语色彩较强。US countable slang uncountableTrying to fix the leak with tape was an epic fail.想用胶带修好漏水真是一次彻底的失败。
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common 劣质的东西;糟糕表现📖 在俚语中,fail 还可以指质量很差、做工粗劣或明显不合格的东西;它仍然围绕“没有达到标准”这一核心。💡 常见于“full of fail”或“a complete fail”一类非正式评价,通常针对作品、项目或做法。它不能替代正式的质量评估术语,技术报告中应明确说明缺陷,而不要只写 fail。slang uncountableThe new app is full of fail and crashes every few minutes.这个新应用问题百出,每隔几分钟就崩溃。
fails
plural
noun
-
rare 草皮块📖 这是一个罕见的历史或方言名词义,指从草地切下的一块草皮;它与“失败”的核心词义没有实际联系。
fails
plural
verb
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core 失败;未成功📖 表示人、计划或行动没有成功,也就是没有越过预期的目标线;这是 fail 最基本、最值得先掌握的动词义。💡 常见结构是“主语 + fail”,后面也可接 in 加某项活动或领域。它可用于正式和日常语境,但不要把它误当作只描述人的词,计划、尝试和项目也都可以 fail。intransitiveOur first attempt failed, but we learned a lot from it.我们的第一次尝试失败了,但我们从中学到了很多。The plan failed because nobody checked the details.这个计划失败了,因为没有人核对细节。
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core 未能做到📖 表示没有实现某个明确目标,尤其是没有完成后面的动作;重点不是完全没有尝试,而是结果没有达到要求。💡 最典型的句型是“fail to do something”,不能在 fail 后直接照搬汉语式的普通宾语。它通常比“拒绝做某事”语气弱,只说明事情没有发生或没有完成。transitiveThe truck failed to start on the coldest morning of the year.卡车在一年中最冷的早晨没能启动。She failed to notice the warning sign.她没有注意到警告标志。
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common 未顾及;遗漏📖 表示某人没有把某项内容纳入考虑或处理,因而遗漏了它;它可以看作“没有完成应做的目标”的具体表现。💡 常见结构是“fail to take into account something”或“fail to mention something”,后面通常接名词或动名词相关结构。这个用法不一定表示整个计划失败,而是指出某个必要步骤被遗漏;不要一律翻成“失败”。transitiveThe article fails to mention the cost of repairs.这篇文章没有提到维修费用。
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core 失灵;停止正常运转📖 说机器、系统或部件 fail,表示它没有继续按预期工作;机器没有越过“正常运行”的目标线。💡 常见结构是“机器或部件 + fail”,也可说“fail during operation”来说明失灵时机。这个义项通常不及物,不要在普通机器故障句中随意加人作宾语;如果要说明损坏了哪个部件,应改用合适的及物表达。intransitiveThe heating system failed during the night.供暖系统在夜间失灵了。
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common 辜负;使失望📖 表示没有达到别人对自己的期待,因而让对方失望,或没有在需要时给予支持;核心仍是没有满足一条预期。💡 常见结构是“fail someone”以及“fail someone when they need help”,其中 someone 是被辜负的人。它比单纯的 fail 更突出人际期待,不要把它和“使某人考试不及格”的专门用法混为一谈。transitiveI promised to help, and I don't want to fail you now.我答应过要帮忙,现在不想辜负你。
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common 考试不及格📖 表示参加考试、课程或学科后没有达到及格标准;这里失败的是学习结果,而不是整个人。💡 常见结构是“fail an exam”“fail a course”或“fail a subject”,其中考试、课程或科目是宾语。不要说“fail in an exam”来表达最普通的“考试不及格”;fail 后直接接考试或科目更自然。ambitransitiveHe failed the driving test on his first attempt.他第一次参加驾驶考试就没通过。
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common 使某人不及格📖 表示教师或评分者给某学生不及格的成绩,即判定对方没有达到课程或考试要求。💡 典型结构是“教师或评分者 + fail + 学生”,学生是宾语;也可以补充课程或考试说明原因。这个及物用法与“学生 fail a course”方向相反,学习时要看谁是主语、谁是宾语。transitiveThe instructor failed two students who missed most of the assignments.老师让两名错过大多数作业的学生不及格。
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rare 未能获得;错过📖 这是过时用法,表示没有获得或错过某物,可看作没有达到“取得它”的目标。obsolete transitive
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common 不足;歉收📖 表示某物数量不足或没有产生预期结果;说庄稼 fail 时,通常指歉收或没有正常收成。💡 常见结构是“资源、供应或庄稼 + fail”,也可用“fail to provide enough”明确说明不足的对象。这个用法常描述供给或产出,不要把所有“缺少”都换成 fail;一般缺少某物更常用 lack。The crops failed after months without rain.数月没有下雨后,庄稼歉收了。
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rare 缺少;不足📖 这是古旧用法,常与 of 连用,表示缺少某种品质或资源;它是“没有达到所需程度”的旧式延伸。archaic
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rare 衰退;减少📖 这是古旧用法,表示力量、程度或状况逐渐下降,仍可理解为逐渐偏离原先的正常水平。archaic
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rare 变弱;恶化📖 这是古旧用法,表示活力、活动能力或资源逐渐减弱;它把“未达到原有水平”进一步扩展为持续衰弱。archaic
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rare 死亡📖 这是过时的委婉用法,指人去世;现代英语中通常不用 fail 表达这个意思。obsolete
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rare 判断错误📖 这是过时用法,表示判断失误或弄错;可以看作没有达到“正确判断”的目标。obsolete
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common 无力偿债;破产📖 表示个人或企业无法履行付款、债务或业务承诺,因而在财务上没有达到应履行的责任。💡 常见结构是“fail to meet obligations”或“fail on a debt”,正式新闻和商业语境中也会用它描述无法偿债。不要把它和一般项目失败混为一谈;这里通常需要有债务、付款或合同责任的上下文。The company failed to pay its suppliers and filed for bankruptcy.这家公司无力支付供应商款项,随后申请了破产。
fails
present,singular,third-person
failing
participle,present
failed
participle,past
failed
past
fail
first-person,present,singular
failed
first-person,past,singular
fail
present,second-person,singular
failest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
failed
past,second-person,singular
failedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
faileth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
failed
past,singular,third-person
fail
plural,present
failed
past,plural
fail
present,subjunctive
failed
past,subjunctive
fail
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
get worse
同义词集:
fail
Her health is declining
上位: decline, worsen
stop operating or functioning; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
fail
go bad
give way
die
give out
conk out
go
break
break down
The engine finally went
The car died on the road
The bus we travelled in broke down on the way to town
The coffee maker broke
The engine failed on the way to town
her eyesight went after the accident
上位: change
下位: blow, blow out, burn out, crash, go down, malfunction, misfunction
prove insufficient
同义词集:
fail
run out
give out
The water supply for the town failed after a long drought
disappoint, prove undependable to; abandon, forsake; ;
同义词集:
fail
betray
His sense of smell failed him this time
His strength finally failed him
His children failed him in the crisis
上位: disappoint, let down
become bankrupt or insolvent; fail financially and close;
同义词集:
fail
The toy company went bankrupt after the competition hired cheap Mexican labor
A number of banks failed that year
fall short in what is expected;
同义词集:
fail
She failed in her obligations as a good daughter-in-law
We must not fail his obligation to the victims of the Holocaust
fail to get a passing grade;
同义词集:
fail
flunk
bomb
flush it
She studied hard but failed nevertheless
Did I fail the test?
反义: make it, pass
judge unacceptable
同义词集:
fail
The teacher failed six students
反义: pass
上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment
be unsuccessful;
同义词集:
fail
go wrong
miscarry
Where do today's public schools fail?
The attempt to rescue the hostages failed miserably
反义: bring home the bacon, come through, deliver the goods, succeed, win
下位: ball up, blow, bobble, bodge, bollix, bollix up, bollocks, bollocks up, botch, botch up, bumble, bungle, fall, fall flat, fall through, flop, flub, fluff, foul up, founder, fuck up, fumble, louse up, mess up, mishandle, miss, muck up, muff, screw up, shipwreck, spoil
fail to do something; leave something undone;
同义词集:
fail
neglect
She failed to notice that her child was no longer in his crib
The secretary failed to call the customer and the company lost the account
下位: choke, default, default on, miss
be unable
同义词集:
fail
I fail to understand your motives
反义: bring off, carry off, manage, negociate, pull off
🌳 词源
动词、形容词及相关名词继承自中古英语,源头与古法语和拉丁语有关,最初和“欺骗、使失望”或“失足”相关。表示草皮块的名词词源不明;作为姓氏时有苏格兰、爱尔兰、马恩岛及德国南部等不同来源。
Classical Latin fallere
Vulgar Latin *fallīre
Old French falirbor.
Middle English failen
English fail
Inherited from Middle English failen, borrowed from Old French falir, from Vulgar Latin *fallire, alteration of Latin fallere (“to deceive, disappoint”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāl- (“to lie, deceive”) or Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el- (“to stumble”).
Compare Alemannic German fääle (“to lack”), Cimbrian béelan, véelan (“to fail”), veln (“to be absent, missing”), Dutch falen, feilen (“to fail, miss”), German fallieren, fehlen (“to fail, miss, lack”), Danish fejle (“to fail, err”), Swedish fallera (“to fail, break, malfunction”), Spanish fallar (“to fail, miss”).
🔄 变式
-
imperat
failed
1st_sg
failedst
archaic
failest
archaic
faileth
archaic
failing
present
Fails
plural
more fail
compar
most fail
superl
🏷 单词标签 & 词根