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expect
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /ɪkspˈɛkt/
expect 的核心是“预先把目光投向某事”:可以表示预料某事会发生,也可以表示认为某人有义务、某事理应发生;在进行时中还可表示怀孕。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一个人站在门口向外看:他看着将要来的事,就是“预料”;如果他认定某人应该按时来,就是“要求或认为对方有义务”;如果他觉得某件东西本来就该得到,就是“认为理所应得”。在“正在等孩子到来”的画面里,expecting 又引申为“怀孕”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“预料会发生”这一核心义,再学习“要求、认为应得”和“怀孕”的用法。
- 不要把 expect 一律理解成“期待”;它常常只是根据情况作出预料,也不一定带有希望或喜悦的感情色彩。
- 表达“正在等某人或某物”时,通常优先学习 wait for,不要把现代英语中的 expect 直接当作普通的“等待”。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 预料;预计📖 指根据已有信息或通常情况,认为某事将会发生。它像站在门口向外看,心里已经把将来的情况放在眼前,但不表示事情一定会发生。💡 常用句型是 expect + 名词或代词、expect + 从句,也可说 expect + 宾语 + 不定式。主语可以是人、组织或情况,后面常接表示时间、结果或事件的内容。它比表示“希望”的词更中性,不能自动表达愿望;中文使用者也容易漏掉从句中的主语,或把“预计某人会做某事”误套成不自然的结构。ambitransitiveWe expect the train to arrive on time.我们预计火车会准时到达。Call me when you least expect it.在你最意想不到的时候给我打电话。
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common 要求;认为有义务📖 指某个规则、机构或有权力的人认为某人必须做某事。这里不是预测未来,而是把某种行为看作应尽的责任。💡 常用句型是 expect + 人 + to do,或 expect + that 从句;主语常是学校、公司、家长、规则等。这个用法可用于正式规定,也可用于日常要求,但语气通常比直接命令更间接。不要把它理解成单纯的“希望某人做某事”,因为其中往往含有责任或标准的意味。The school expects every student to wear a uniform.学校要求每名学生都穿校服。
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common 认为理应得到📖 指根据身份、付出、承诺或通常标准,认为某人应当得到某物,或某事本来就该发生。它把“理应得到的东西”放在心里,等待对方兑现。💡 常用句型是 expect + 名词,或 expect + 人 + to do;名词常表示道歉、付款、回报等应尽之事。这个用法常带有坚持权利或标准的语气,不只是对未来结果的猜测。若只想表达“希望得到”,应根据语境改用表示愿望的词,不要无条件使用 expect。After the mistake, the customer expected an apology.出了这个错误后,顾客认为对方理应道歉。
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common 怀孕📖 在进行时中,指女性正在怀孕,或家人正在等孩子出生。这是把“预料孩子到来”的画面固定下来形成的专门用法。💡 通常使用 be expecting,后面可接表示孩子数量或预产时间的内容。这个用法主要出现在进行时,不能随意用一般时表达“怀孕”。它是礼貌而常见的说法,但具体谈医学状况时仍应根据语境选择更明确的表达。They are expecting their first baby in October.他们预计十月迎来第一个孩子。
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rare 等待;等候📖 这是较旧的用法,直接表示等候某人或某事,可看作“预料其到来”保留下来的旧义。obsolete transitive
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rare 停留;等待📖 这是古旧的不及物用法,表示停留或等待,不带现代英语中常见的预料义。intransitive obsolete
expects
present,singular,third-person
expecting
participle,present
expected
participle,past
expected
past
expect
first-person,present,singular
expected
first-person,past,singular
expect
present,second-person,singular
expectest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
expected
past,second-person,singular
expectedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
expecteth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
expected
past,singular,third-person
expect
plural,present
expected
past,plural
expect
present,subjunctive
expected
past,subjunctive
expect
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
be pregnant with; ;
同义词集:
have a bun in the oven
bear
carry
gestate
expect
She is bearing his child
The are expecting another child in January
I am carrying his child
上位: bear, birth, deliver, give birth, have
look forward to the birth of a child
同义词集:
expect
She is expecting in March
上位: await, look, wait
consider reasonable or due
同义词集:
expect
I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
上位: consider, reckon, regard, see, view
regard something as probable or likely
同义词集:
expect
anticipate
The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment
下位: assume, believe, conjecture, guess, hypothecate, hypothesise, hypothesize, imagine, opine, presume, reckon, speculate, suppose, take for granted, theorise, theorize, think, trust
look forward to the probable occurrence of; ;
同义词集:
expect
look
await
wait
We were expecting a visit from our relatives
She is looking to a promotion
he is waiting to be drafted
下位: anticipate, look for, look to
consider obligatory; request and expect; ;
同义词集:
ask
require
expect
We require our secretary to be on time
Aren't we asking too much of these children?
I expect my students to arrive in time for their lessons
上位: demand
下位: call
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原意与“向外看、注视并等待”有关,后来发展出“预料”和“认为某事应当发生”等意思。
From Latin expectāre, infinitive form of exspectō (“look out for, await, expect”), from ex (“out”) + spectō (“look at”), frequentative of speciō (“see”).
🔄 变式
-
imperat
expected
1st_sg
expectedst
archaic
expectest
archaic
expecteth
archaic
expecting
present
expects
present
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