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exile
★★★
🇺🇸 /ˈɛɡzˌaɪl/
exile 主要表示“被迫离开故乡或祖国的流放状态”,也可指身处这种状态的人;作动词时表示把某人流放出去。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一个人被赶出自己的家乡:他被迫离开的处境是 exile(流放、流亡),这个人就是 an exile(流亡者),而把他赶走就是 exile him(将他流放)。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“流放、流亡状态”和“流亡者”这两个相关意义,再学习动词“流放”。
- 不要把 exile 只理解成普通的“离开”或“搬家”;它通常包含被迫离开故乡或祖国的意味。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 流放;流亡📖 指一个人被迫离开自己的家乡或祖国,并持续处于不能回去或不便回去的状态。重点是这种被迫离开的处境,而不只是地理上的离开。💡 常用句型是“live in exile”“go into exile”或“return from exile”,其中 exile 通常不可数。它常用于政治、历史和正式叙述;不要用它描述普通出国、旅行或自愿移居。uncountableHe lived in exile for many years.他在流亡中生活了很多年。After the coup, the president went into exile.政变后,总统流亡国外。
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core 流亡者;被流放的人📖 指被迫离开自己的家乡或祖国、因此身处流亡状态的人。这个意义把注意力从“处境”转到“处于这种处境的人”。💡 通常用“an exile”或复数“exiles”,也可说“a political exile”来说明原因或背景。它是可数名词,不能在单数时直接省略冠词;不要把所有住在国外的人都称为 an exile。countableThe writer became an exile after criticizing the government.这位作家批评政府后成了一名流亡者。
exiles
plural
verb
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core 流放;放逐📖 指当权者或某个机构强迫某人离开家乡、祖国或原来的生活地点,使其成为流亡者。这个动词就是记忆图景中“把人赶出去”的动作。💡 常见结构是“exile someone from their country”或“exile someone to a remote island”,宾语通常是被流放的人。它比普通的“驱逐”更强调离开故乡或祖国并进入流放状态;不要误用来表示短期赶出某处。transitiveThe king exiled his rival to a distant island.国王把他的对手流放到一个遥远的岛上。The regime exiled many of its critics.这个政权流放了许多批评者。
exiles
present,singular,third-person
exiling
participle,present
exiled
participle,past
exiled
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
the act of expelling a person from their native land; ; ;
同义词集:
exile
deportation
expatriation
transportation
men in exile dream of hope
his deportation to a penal colony
the expatriation of wealthy farmers
the sentence was one of transportation for life
上位: banishment, proscription
expel from a country
同义词集:
expatriate
deport
exile
The poet was exiled because he signed a letter protesting the government's actions
上位: expel, kick out, throw out
a person who is expelled from home or country by authority
同义词集:
exile
deportee
上位: alien, foreigner, noncitizen, outlander
a person who is voluntarily absent from home or country
同义词集:
exile
expatriate
expat
American expatriates
上位: absentee
下位: refugee
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原义与“被放逐的人”及“流放状态”有关,后来经古法语和中古英语进入英语。
From Middle English exil, borrowed from Old French essil, exil, from Latin exsilium, exilium (“state of exile”), derived from exsul, exul (“exiled person”).
🔄 变式
exiled
past
exiles
plural
exiling
present
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