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exercise
★★★★
🇺🇸 /ˈɛksɚsˌaɪz/
🇬🇧 /ˈɛk.sə.saɪz/
exercise既可以指为训练能力而做的练习，也可以指锻炼身体；作动词时表示练习、锻炼或行使权利。
💡 记忆钩子
核心画面是“反复用力，把能力练出来”：做一道练习题是在训练技能，跑步是在锻炼身体；进一步，把权利真正用起来，就是行使权利。动词则直接表示进行这些训练或把某种权利付诸行动。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“练习、锻炼”和动词“练习、锻炼”，再学习“行使权利”这一较正式的用法。
- 不要把exercise只理解成“体育锻炼”；在课本中它常指一道练习题或一项训练任务。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 练习；训练题📖 指为了提高某种技能而安排的活动，尤其可以指课本、课堂或训练中的一道练习题。💡 表示“一道练习”时使用“an exercise”或“exercise + 数字”等形式，也常说“do an exercise”。它通常是可数名词，不要在指一项具体练习时漏掉冠词。这里不一定和体育有关，也可以是写作、语法或思考训练。countablePlease complete exercise three before tomorrow.请在明天之前完成第三道练习。This writing exercise will help you organize your ideas.这项写作练习会帮助你整理思路。
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core 锻炼；运动📖 指为了保持或提高身体健康、力量和体能而进行的活动，也可以泛指这种锻炼本身。💡 泛指锻炼时通常说“do exercise”或“get more exercise”，而说某一项具体活动时常用“an exercise”或运动名称。它既可作不可数名词表示锻炼，也可作可数名词表示具体动作或练习。不要把exercise只限于去健身房，走路、游泳等也可以是exercise。countable uncountableSwimming is excellent exercise for your whole body.游泳是非常好的全身锻炼。I try to get some exercise after work.我尽量在下班后锻炼一会儿。
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common 行使；运用📖 指把某项权利、选择权或权力实际用起来；它和“练习”一样，都含有主动使用某种能力的意思。💡 常见结构是“the exercise of + 权利或权力”，或“exercise + one's right/option/judgment”。这种用法较正式，通常不能直接译成普通的“锻炼”。在法律、政策和商务语境中尤其常见。countable uncountableEmployees may exercise their right to appeal.员工可以行使申诉权。
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common 履行；执行📖 指实际履行职责、职务或仪式等，强调把应做的事情付诸行动。💡 常见结构是“the exercise of + duty/office/function”等，通常出现在正式或书面语中。它不表示身体锻炼，翻译时要根据后面的名词理解为“履行”或“执行”。日常对话中往往会用更具体的动词替代它。countable uncountableThe exercise of public office requires sound judgment.履行公职需要良好的判断力。
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rare 考验；试炼📖 旧用法，指能提供实践机会或考验人的事情，可看作通过反复行动来检验能力的延伸。💡 这一义项主要见于古旧或文学文本，现代英语中通常不用它表示普通的测试。学习时先认读即可，不要在日常表达中主动套用。现代语境一般用“test”或“trial”等词。countable obsolete uncountable
exercises
plural
verb
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core 训练；练习📖 指通过反复使用和训练来提高某人的技能、能力或思考能力，也可以指训练动物或队伍。💡 常见结构是“exercise + 人/动物/身体部位/头脑”，表示让对象接受训练或主动使用能力。它是及物动词，后面通常需要对象；如果只说自己锻炼身体，应使用本组的身体锻炼义。不要把“exercise one's brain”误解为做体育运动。These puzzles exercise your memory and concentration.这些谜题能训练你的记忆力和注意力。The coach exercises the horses every morning.教练每天早上训练马匹。
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core 锻炼身体📖 指进行体育活动或身体活动，以保持健康、增强力量或改善体能。💡 表示自己锻炼时常用不及物结构“exercise regularly”或“exercise at the gym”。它通常不直接带表示人的宾语；如果要说锻炼某个身体部位，可以说“exercise + 身体部位”。不要在这个意义下把exercise后面强行接“身体”作宾语。intransitiveI exercise for thirty minutes every morning.我每天早上锻炼三十分钟。She exercises at home when the weather is bad.天气不好时，她在家锻炼。
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common 行使；使用📖 指把权利、选择权、判断力等实际运用起来，而不只是拥有它们。💡 常见结构是“exercise + one's right/option/judgment”，后面直接接所行使的权利或能力。该用法较正式，尤其常见于法律、商业和政策文本。不要把它理解成“练习某项权利”；这里强调的是正式地使用或作出决定。transitiveShe exercised her option to buy the apartment.她行使了购买这套公寓的选择权。
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common 使困扰；使费心📖 指某件困难、痛苦或令人烦恼的事情占据某人的注意力，使其不得不费力应对；常见于被动表达。💡 常见结构是“be exercised by/about + 问题”，表示“为某事烦恼或费心”。这种用法比普通的“worry”或“trouble”更正式，也更常见于被动语态。不要把这里的exercise理解成身体锻炼，真正的对象通常是人的心思或注意力。The committee has been exercised by the rising costs.委员会一直为不断上涨的成本而烦恼。
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rare 使行动；使投入📖 旧用法，指使某人行动或投入某项活动，可看作让能力通过实际运用而发挥出来。💡 这一义项现已过时，主要在古旧文本中出现。现代英语通常会用“make someone act”“engage”或其他更具体的表达。学习时只需能在历史文本中辨认，不必主动使用。obsolete
exercises
present,singular,third-person
exercising
participle,present
exercised
participle,past
exercised
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 11 组
an action, often used negatively and without consequences;
同义词集:
exercise
an exercise in futility
an exercise in cheap talk
上位: action
do physical exercise
同义词集:
exercise
work out
She works out in the gym every day
下位: press, strengthen, tone, tone up, train, tumble, weight-lift, weightlift
give a workout to; ; ;
同义词集:
exercise
work
work out
Some parents exercise their infants
My personal trainer works me hard
work one's muscles
this puzzle will exercise your mind
上位: put to work, work
learn by repetition;
同义词集:
drill
exercise
practice
practise
We drilled French verbs every day
Pianists practice scales
上位: learn, read, study, take
the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; ;
同义词集:
exercise
exercising
physical exercise
physical exertion
workout
the doctor recommended regular exercise
he did some exercising
the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit
上位: effort, elbow grease, exertion, sweat, travail
下位: anaerobic exercise, bodybuilding, exercise set, muscle building, musclebuilding, set, stretch, stretching, yoga
a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding
同义词集:
exercise
example
you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook
上位: lesson
systematic training by multiple repetitions
同义词集:
exercise
practice
drill
practice session
recitation
practice makes perfect
上位: grooming, preparation, training
下位: brushup, dry run, manual, manual of arms, rehearsal, review, scrimmage
the act of using;
同义词集:
use
usage
utilization
utilisation
employment
exercise
he warned against the use of narcotic drugs
skilled in the utilization of computers
上位: activity
下位: abuse, application, development, exploitation, misuse, play, practical application, practice, recycling
put to use
同义词集:
exert
exercise
exert one's power or influence
上位: apply, employ, use, utilise, utilize
carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions
同义词集:
practice
practise
exercise
do
practice law
(usually plural) a ceremony that involves processions and speeches
同义词集:
exercise
academic exercises
上位: ceremonial, ceremonial occasion, ceremony, observance
下位: commencement, commencement ceremony, commencement exercise, graduation, graduation exercise
🌳 词源
来自中古英语exercise，源自古法语exercise，最终来自拉丁语exercitium。
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ex-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂orkéyeti
Proto-Italic *arkeō
Latin arceō
Latin exerceō
Latin exercitiumder.
Old French exercisebor.
Middle English exercise
English exercise
From Middle English exercise, from Old French exercise, from Latin exercitium. Displaced native Old English plega (“an exercise”) whence Modern English play.
🔄 变式
exercised
past
exercises
plural
exercising
present
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