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estimate
★★★★
🇺🇸 /ˈɛstʌmʌt/
estimate 的核心是根据不完整信息先作出大致判断:可以指估算出的数字或报价,也可以指估算、评估这一动作。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一个人先掂量材料和价钱,再报出一个大概数字:这个“掂量并报数”的过程是 estimate(估算、评估),报出来的数字也是 an estimate(估计值或估价);在数学里,它还可以从“一个大概数”延伸为某个量的上限。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“估算”和“估计值”这条主线,再学习“评估价值”和数学“上界”等较专门用法。
- estimate 表示根据现有信息作出的近似判断,不等于精确结果;不要把它理解成已经确定的数字。
- estimate 与 esteem 词源相关,但现代英语中 estimate 主要表示估算或评估,不表示单纯的尊敬。
📖 中文释义
adj
-
rare 估算的📖 表示某个数值或结果是通过估算得到的,而不是精确测量或正式确定的。现代英语中通常不用这个形容词义,常改用其他表达。obsolete rare
more estimate
comparative
most estimate
superlative
noun
-
core 估计值;大概判断📖 指根据已有资料对数量、大小、价值或费用作出的粗略判断。它就像把不完整的信息先整理成一个可用的大概数字。💡 常用“an estimate of + 数量或费用”表示某项估计,也可说“give or make an estimate”。不要把 estimate 当成精确测量结果;如果后来有更完整的信息,估计可以被修改。The builder gave us an estimate of the repair costs.建筑商给了我们一份维修费用的估价。My estimate was close to the actual number.我的估计值和实际数量很接近。
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common 报价;费用估价📖 特指为某项工作或服务预先算出的费用,通常是客户据此决定是否接受的报价。它仍然只是预估金额,最终账单可能不同。💡 在工作、维修和服务场景中,常用“an estimate for + 项目”或“an estimate of the cost”。estimate 是预先给出的金额,不一定是最后必须支付的正式账单;不要把两者混为一谈。specificallyWe asked three companies for an estimate before choosing a contractor.我们在选择承包商之前向三家公司要了报价。
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rare 上界估计📖 在数学或技术语境中,指一个不超过某个正量的上限估计;这是从“给出一个大概范围或数值”延伸出的专门用法。💡 通常出现在数学说明、公式或技术论文中,常与某个量的大小和上限联系使用。日常对话中一般不用这个义项来表示普通的估计。
estimates
plural
verb
-
core 估算;估计📖 指根据不完整或不完全可靠的信息,算出一个大概的数量、时间、费用或规模。这个动作就是先“掂量”情况,再给出一个可供计划使用的数字。💡 常用“estimate + 数量或费用”或“estimate that + 从句”;也可用“estimate how much、how long”等结构。estimate 后面通常接近似结果,不要暗示这个结果已经经过精确核算。We estimate that the project will take two months.我们估计这个项目需要两个月。Can you estimate how much paint we need?你能估算一下我们需要多少油漆吗?
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common 评估价值📖 指根据现有迹象判断某物值多少钱,或判断它的重要性和价值。相比单纯算出数量,这里更强调对“值多少”或“有多重要”的判断。💡 表示金钱价值时,常用“estimate the value of + 名词”;表示重要性时,宾语可以是贡献、风险或影响。不要只把它理解为计算数量,它也可以表示带有判断成分的评估。Experts estimate the painting's value at two million dollars.专家估计这幅画的价值为两百万美元。
estimates
present,singular,third-person
estimating
participle,present
estimated
participle,past
estimated
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)
同义词集:
estimate
gauge
approximate
guess
judge
I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds
上位: calculate, cipher, compute, cypher, figure, reckon, work out
下位: assess, count, give, lowball, make, place, put, reckon, set, underestimate
参见: lowball, overestimate, overrate, underestimate
judge to be probable
同义词集:
calculate
estimate
reckon
count on
figure
forecast
上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment
下位: allow, take into account
a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody;
同义词集:
estimate
estimation
many factors are involved in any estimate of human life
in my estimation the boy is innocent
上位: assessment, judgement, judgment
下位: appraisal, capitalisation, capitalization
an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth;
同义词集:
estimate
estimation
approximation
idea
an estimate of what it would cost
a rough idea how long it would take
上位: calculation, computation, figuring, reckoning
下位: credit, credit rating, dead reckoning, guess, guessing, guesswork, overestimate, overestimation, overrating, overreckoning, shot, underestimate, underestimation, underrating, underreckoning
the respect with which a person is held
同义词集:
estimate
estimation
they had a high estimation of his ability
上位: esteem, regard, respect
下位: report, reputation
a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)
同义词集:
appraisal
estimate
estimation
下位: overappraisal, overestimate, overestimation, overvaluation
a statement indicating the likely cost of some job
同义词集:
estimate
he got an estimate from the car repair shop
上位: statement
🌳 词源
名词和动词都来自拉丁语,原义与“估价、评定”有关;形容词原本是动词的过去分词形式。
Borrowed from Latin aestimātus, perfect passive participle of aestimō (“to estimate”) (see -ate), older form aestumō (“to value, rate, esteem”); from Old Latin *ais-temos (“one who cuts copper”), meaning one in the Roman Republic who mints money. Compare Middle English estymatt (“reputed”) / estimat. See also the doublet esteem, as well as aim.
🔄 变式
estimated
past
estimates
plural
estimating
present
more estimate
compar
most estimate
superl
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